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A Crisis of Trust in Electoral Democracy: The Need for a Transparent and Impartial Election Commission

As questions emerge over the conduct of elections in India, restoring faith in the Election Commission is crucial to safeguarding democratic legitimacy. Context and Relevance (GS2 – Polity and Governance, Constitutional Bodies): The Election Commission of India (ECI), a constitutionally mandated body under Article 324, is once again in the spotlight. Following the 2024 general… Continue reading A Crisis of Trust in Electoral Democracy: The Need for a Transparent and Impartial Election Commission

India– U.S. Trade Friction Escalates Amid Russian Oil Dealings

President Trump announces steep tariff hikes on Indian imports over continued Russian oil purchases; India calls it “unjustified and unreasonable”. Context and Relevance (GS2 – International Relations, GS3 – Economy, Trade Policy): In a move that has strained India–U.S. economic ties, U.S. President Donald Trump has announced plans to “substantially” increase tariffs on Indian goods.… Continue reading India– U.S. Trade Friction Escalates Amid Russian Oil Dealings

Sawalkote Hydro Project

Why in the News? After suspending the Indus Waters Treaty, India is asserting water control in J&K by reviving the Sawalkote Hydroelectric Project — the UT’s largest planned hydro project. About Sawalkote Hydro Project: Location: Ramban and Udhampur districts, Jammu and Kashmir. River: Built on the Chenab River (a western river under the Indus Waters… Continue reading Sawalkote Hydro Project

Blockchain-verified Quantum Randomness for Secure Communication

Why in the News? A recent breakthrough demonstrated use of quantum science, blockchain, and cryptography to create truly random and secure numbers used in encryption for secure communication. About the Technology: Encryption: Converts readable data into unreadable code using a “key”; only someone with the correct key can decrypt the message. Importance of Randomness: Secure… Continue reading Blockchain-verified Quantum Randomness for Secure Communication

[4th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The ‘right to repair’ must include ‘right to remember’

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2015] India’s Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) which has a database containing formatted information on more than 2 million medicinal formulations is proving a powerful weapon in the country’s fight against erroneous patents. Discuss the pros and cons making this database publicly available under open-source licensing. Linkage: This question directly discusses the… Continue reading [4th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The ‘right to repair’ must include ‘right to remember’

How does the World Bank classify countries by income?

Why in the News? Recently, the World Bank’s 2024 update to its income classification system revealed major shifts, with a sharp decline in low-income populations and a rise in upper-middle-income countries. Global Income Classification Trends (2004–2024): Key Shifts in Population Distribution:  Global Shift Upwards: The share of the world population in low-income countries dropped from… Continue reading How does the World Bank classify countries by income?

Another slip up by India in the trade pact with the U.K.

Why in the News? Concerns have emerged over India’s commitments in the India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), particularly Article 13.6 on intellectual property. Critics argue it weakens India’s long-standing stance on compulsory licensing, favouring voluntary mechanisms instead. How does Article 13.6 affect medicine access in India? Dilution of Compulsory Licensing Rights: The Article… Continue reading Another slip up by India in the trade pact with the U.K.

Bird Deaths in Thar Desert

Why in the News? A new study by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) reveals that wind farms in the Thar Desert, Rajasthan, have the highest recorded bird mortality rates globally. Bird Mortality at Wind Farms: Key Findings Study Details: Conducted across 3,000 sq. km in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, covering 90 wind turbines and 272 bird… Continue reading Bird Deaths in Thar Desert

Species in news: Alpine Musk Deer

Why in the News? A Central Zoo Authority (CZA) report reveals a major conservation error — the critically endangered Alpine musk deer was wrongly replaced by the Himalayan musk deer in India’s breeding programmes. Back2Basics: Central Zoo Authority (CZA): Establishment: Formed in 1992 under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Mandate: Captive breeding, zoo oversight, and assigning… Continue reading Species in news: Alpine Musk Deer

Who are Denotified, Semi-Nomadic and Nomadic Tribes (DNTs)?

Why in the News? At an event in New Delhi, Denotified, Semi-Nomadic and Nomadic Tribes (DNTs) strongly demanded a permanent National Commission to address their long-standing marginalisation. Who are Denotified, Nomadic, and Semi-Nomadic Tribes (DNTs)? Denotified Tribes (DNTs): Colonial Tag: Branded “criminal by birth” under the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871. Legal Reversal: Act repealed in… Continue reading Who are Denotified, Semi-Nomadic and Nomadic Tribes (DNTs)?

Human Outer Planet Exploration (HOPE)

Why in the News? India has taken a significant step towards interplanetary human missions with the launch of the Human Outer Planet Exploration (HOPE) analogue station at Tso Kar, Ladakh. About HOPE (Human Outer Planet Exploration): Purpose: Simulates Moon and Mars conditions to prepare for future human missions. Developer: Built by Protoplanet (Bengaluru); partially funded… Continue reading Human Outer Planet Exploration (HOPE)

Biologics & Biosimilars: The next frontier in Affordable Medicines

Why in the News? While most medicines are small molecule drugs with simple structures, a newer class—biologics and biosimilars—is reshaping modern medicine with their complex, targeted action. What are Small Molecule Drugs? Definition: Chemically synthesised, low molecular weight compounds. Features: Fixed structure, chemically stable, easy to replicate, patent-protected. Cost Dynamics: Expensive while under patent; affordable… Continue reading Biologics & Biosimilars: The next frontier in Affordable Medicines

[2nd August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: What has been missed is India’s digital sovereignty

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2024] Right to privacy is intrinsic to life and personal liberty and is inherently protected under Article 21 of the Constitution. Explain. In this reference discuss the law relating to D.N.A. testing of a child in the womb to establish its paternity. Linkage: The article highlights that data is the “digital era’s… Continue reading [2nd August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: What has been missed is India’s digital sovereignty

How much India should trade with Russia must not be guided by Western diktat

Why in the News? Recently, US President Donald Trump has threatened additional penalties on Indian imports, specifically targeting India’s purchase of discounted Russian oil. Why is India buying more oil from Russia? Steep Price Discounts: Russian crude is sold at prices significantly below global benchmarks. In FY 2024-25, India imported $56.9 billion worth of mineral… Continue reading How much India should trade with Russia must not be guided by Western diktat

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