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  • [Sansad TV] Climate Change & Public Perception

    • The year 2021 marks a crucial juncture for charting the future of climate action.
    • And for this all eyes are set on two events in particular – the G20 Summit in October end followed by the 26th UN Climate Change Conference or COP26 in November.

    In this article, we will discuss the significance of public perception on the issue of climate change and how will it impact the decision-making process on actions which need to be taken to tackle this challenge.

    About G20

    • Formed in 1999, the G20 is an international forum of the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies.
    • Collectively, the G20 economies account for around 85 percent of the Gross World Product (GWP), 80 percent of world trade.
    • To tackle the problems or address issues that plague the world, the heads of governments of the G20 nations periodically participate in summits.
    • In addition to it, the group also hosts separate meetings of the finance ministers and foreign ministers.
    • The G20 has no permanent staff of its own and its chairmanship rotates annually between nations divided into regional groupings.
    • India has been a member of the G20 since its inception in 1999.

    Members: The 19 member countries of the forum are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States.

    G20 countries map

    G20 and Climate Change

    • The G20 accounts for over 80% of global GDP, 60% of the world’s population, and more than 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
    • In the run-up to the G20 Summit and COP26 the UNDP and the University of Oxford have published the G20 Peoples’ Climate Vote. 

    The G20 Peoples’ Climate Vote

    • The G20 Peoples’ Climate Vote was polled over 689,000 people across 18 of the G20 countries from October 2020 until June 2021.
    • It focussed on various aspects of the issue of climate change including Climate Finance Policy, Cutting emissions and climate adaptation policy.
    • According to this report, on average 70 per cent of young people in G20 countries believe that we are in a global climate emergency.
    • Adults are also not far behind, with 65 percent overall believing the same.

    What defines the public perception of climate change?

    • Climate change perception is a complex process that encompasses a range of psychological constructs such as knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and concerns about if and how the climate is changing.
    • Perception is influenced and shaped, among other things, by the individuals’ characteristics, their experience, the information that they receive, and the cultural and geographic context in which they live.
    • Therefore, measuring climate change perception and trying to find its determinants is not an easy task.
    • The short-term variations in the local weather tend to be more salient than long-term trends and hence can have a key impact on the formation of climate change perceptions.
    • The perceptions of those that directly depend on the weather, such as farmers, tend to be more accurate than that of their counterparts.
    • Life experiences influence perception; individuals who have been directly affected by extreme climatic events tend to report that the probability of such event happening again is relatively high.
    • It is important to make aware specifically those people whose livelihood is threatened due to climate change issue.
    Proportion reporting knowing “something” or “a great deal” about global warming in 2007–08. Darker areas indicate a greater proportion of individuals aware, yellow indicates no data.

    What is the significance of public perception of climate change?

    • It is very important that people are getting aware of climate change and it’s not actually the awareness per se but factually it is about the sufferance of people to make the think about climate change.
    • The new generation and the youth are going to face the consequences of climate change and thus they think that the coming COP26is the opportunity where effective and speedy action will result.
    • It forces world leader to take immediate and effective action and should contain the global warming which has the wide ranging consequences.
    • It also impacts what people do at an individual level to contain the global warming.
    • It needs to take some tougher decisions by leaders and the public perceptions shows how much appetite people have to accept such decision.

    What are the expected tangible achievements of the COP26 in terms of public perception of climate change?

    • Climate change is the global issue and need commitment of all the leaders to do justice in terms of responding to the menace of climate change.
    • COVID-19 has refocused priorities and caused individuals and governments alike to pay closer attention to the environment. As many countries look to rebuild their economies in the wake of the pandemic, there has been a major emphasis on ‘building back better’ through a green recovery.
    • COP26 is being viewed as the successor to COP21 where the Paris Accord was signed, arguably the greatest success from the UNFCCC in recent years.
    • COP26 is seen as the summit to both address what has and hasn’t been achieved since 2015, while also setting concrete plans to reach the Paris Agreement targets.
    • The UN Environment Programme has warned that climate commitments are already falling far short of what is needed to meet these goals – but there is hope from net-zero pledges. This should be a “thundering wakeup call” for leaders ahead of the summit.
    • So it’s expected from countries around the globe to put forward ambitions in terms of GHGs reduction, net zero commitments, etc. As the window is very short, it is the high time that countries take harsh decisions.
    • The transition from carbon economy to carbon-less economy requires capital which many developing countries are lacking. Thus the carbon justice has to be brought.
    • This requires the developed countries to raise $100 billion which was supposed to be done by 2020 but is still not done.
    • The carbon neutrality or net zero is important but what is more important than this is deep cuts which are required first and the necessary financing required to install alternative energy sources which are renewable.

    Conclusion

    We are running short of time and the issue of climate change is a very serious problem and everyone across the globe has to work together for this and it is very important to see the summits like COP26 takes the harsh decisions required for containing the global warming and resolving financing issue as soon as possible. Public perception plays a major role in motivating global leaders to work towards a sustainable and climate risk-free global world.

  • (Imp) Cover Anthropology Optional with an IAS, Rinku Lather (Anthropology topper, AIR 259, UPSC 2020)| Live video lectures & 1-1 mentorship

    This is for students preparing for UPSC Mains with Anthropology optional.

    Unlike popular opinion, scoring marks in Anthropology is not that easy anymore. Many aspirants still are confused about the right strategy to prepare for anthropology optional. It is not just studying but studying in the right direction. Writing answers that fetch you marks.

    click and Join: anthropology optional Marks Enhancer with Rinku Lather, IAS (with 1-1 mentorship)
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    Rinku Lather sir has launched his exclusive Anthropology club wherein he will be guiding you on a 1-to-1, personal level. He will be sharing tips and his process that helped him to score consistently high marks in Anthropology optional.

    https://youtu.be/oc7aLdeao6o

    About the Anthropology Marks Enhancer by Rinku Lather, IAS

    • Anthropology topic-wise discussion to improve score.
    • Google meet classes with Anthropology rank holder and UPSC Topper.
    • One-on-one discussions every week.
    • Doubt clearing sessions
    • Important notes, reference material, etc. will be suggested by Rinku sir
    • Mentorship to guide you in understanding the demand of the question, structuring of answers and content enrichment.

    Program Inclusion

    • Exclusive membership to Habitat club- Only for Mains written aspirants
    • Personalised guidance for marks enhancement
    • Google meet session
    • 22 classes on Google meet – topicwise discussion
    • Answer writing and enhancement tips
    • Habitat discussion and doubt sessions
    • On call*, One to one mentorship by Rinku sir
    discuss with Rinku sir on Habitat

  • Mixed signals on growth-inflation dynamics

    Context

    We are now at that point in the cycle where all central banks — the RBI, the US Fed, the European Central Bank, Bank of England and others — have begun to signal, a process of normalisation from the unprecedented loose monetary policy stimulus post the onset of the pandemic in early 2020.

    Recovery momentum

    • Surveys and data prints are now signalling that the recovery momentum in the first half of 2021 is decelerating in many countries, although the direction and momentum may vary.
    • The RBI Governor notes that “the external environment, which had been supportive of aggregate demand over the past few months, may lose momentum for a variety of reasons”.
    • China — its policy and economy — is the most salient risk for a sustained global recovery.
    • The Chinese authorities’ seeming determination to push ahead with structural reforms, de-carbonising initiatives, and curbs on real estate appear designed to sacrifice some short-term growth for medium-term efficiencies, and reduce financial risks and inequality.
    • Inflation in almost all major economies continues to remain high.
    • The US Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) survey measure of core inflation is running over 4 per cent.
    • The story is similar in Europe.

    Assessing India’s growth recovery

    • India’s growth–inflation dynamics are also becoming favourable, but are still subject to multiple risks.
    • In assessing India’s growth recovery, a risk of the global economy going into “stagflation”, going by US signals seems to be that if at all, it is likely to be mild.
    • The recovery of economic activity continues, although the high-frequency indicators we track suggest that the momentum observed in July and August has moderated.
    • Electricity consumption growth is also down from August levels, but part of this can be explained by both cooler, rainy weather, as well as coal shortage related cutbacks in many electricity-intensive manufacturing.
    • The residential real estate is reportedly doing exceptionally well, with low-interest rates on home loans, cuts in stamp duty and registration charges, and indeed behavioural shifts towards own home ownerships with hybrid and work from home shifts.
    • Even the commercial real estate sector is reviving.
    • The Union government also has large unspent cash balances, which can be judiciously deployed to boost both capex and consumption.
    • The overall inflation trajectory suggests a gradual glide path towards the 4 per cent target by March 2023 or a bit beyond.
    • There are risks of overshooting this forecast trajectory, despite a benign outlook on food prices.
    • This emanates from global metals, minerals, crude oil prices, and from supply bottlenecks persisting till well into 2022.

    Conclusion

    In summary, the growth–inflation signals remain mixed. Multiple episodes of global spillovers in the past couple of decades have taught us that imminent normalisation will have implications for all emerging markets.

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  • Every 3rd Ranker in Top 100 is from Civilsdaily|| MAINS MANTHAN 2021 || Register Now

    Every 3rd Ranker in Top 100 is from Civilsdaily|| MAINS MANTHAN 2021 || Register Now

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    Civil Services Examination result 2020 was released on 24th September 2021. Civilsdaily is proud to announce its toppers. In 2020, we took 50 Students for Mains exclusive one-to-one mentorship program and 80% got interview calls with 50% making it to the final list.

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    Even Toppers of Civil services examination 2020 were impressed by the quality of questions from the Mains Test and Mentorship provided:

    A personal note by Karishma Nair, AIR 14 (2020)
    Quora Review by Pranav Vijayvergiya, AIR 65 (2020)
    A talk with Vaibhav Rawat, AIR 25 (2020)
    A talk by P Srija, AIR 20(2020)

    Here’s a look at some questions from our FLT Tests:

    FLT 1 PAPER 1

    Q. While there are several theories about why the Indus Valley Civilisation declined, climate change appears to be the most likely scenario. Discuss in what way the decline of IVC could be related to climate change aspects of that time. Draw an analogy of how past experiences can prove to be lessons to our future generations.

    Model Answers:

    More than 4,000 years ago, the Indus Valley Civilisation thrived in the Indus river valley of what is now modern Pakistan and north-western India. They built sophisticated cities, invented sewage systems, and even engaged in long-distance trade. However, by 1800 BCE, this advanced culture had abandoned their cities, moving instead to smaller villages in the Himalayan foothills. 

    Various causes have been suggested for the decline of the civilization which includes:

    • Aryan invasion theory- Very little evidence.
    • Decreasing fertility- Due to increasing salinity of soil
    • Sudden subsistence or uplift of land- Causing floods
    • Tectonic disturbances- caused earthquakes
    • Climate change- Most accepted theory. A new study titled ‘Neoglacial climate anomalies and the Harappan metamorphosis also supports this.

    Climate change and decline of IVC: 

    • Wetter winter monsoon- Between 4,500 and 3,000 years ago, strong winter monsoons were characterised by early neoglacial anomalies (ENA) that are characterised by changes in wind and precipitation patterns that are evident across the eastern Northern Hemisphere and tropics. This may have led to urban Harappan society turning into a rural one, as inhabitants migrated from a summer flood-deficient river valley to the Himalayan plains.
    • Decline in the winter monsoon- This could have played a role in the demise of the rural late Harappans.
    • Shift in temperatures and weather patterns- This caused summer monsoon rains to gradually dry up, making agriculture difficult or impossible near Harappan cities.
    • Neo-glaciation- A general cooling, occurred between 2,500 and 4,500 years ago. Records for the last 4,500 years generally indicate that temperatures were lower than the Holocene thermal maximum. 
    • Less predictable floods in the Indus and tributary rivers- This affected the Indus people who depended a lot on inundation agriculture.
    • Changing character of the Indian monsoon- Affected atmospheric temperatures and the flow of rivers originating in the Himalayas. Both the changing temperature and the changes in river flow would have influenced the crops that were grown in the region.
    • Drying up of Ghaggar-Hakra- The probable course of the Saraswati river, dried at the same time.

    The Indus story is important today because it provides us with a vivid example of what climate change could do to people. Some analogous examples observable in modern times are:

    • Migration due to climate change– The study provides a powerful lesson for today as the migration out of Syria, Venezuela and African countries has some roots in climate change.
    • Sea level rise- The sea level is rising at a rate of 12 mm per year in the western Pacific and has already submerged eight islands. This can lead to huge migrations from the low-lying regions or from hurricane-prone regions in the southern U.S.
    • South Asia- Increasing temperatures, more frequent cyclones, flooding of river systems fed by melting glaciers, and other extreme weather events along with rapid economic growth and urbanization are accelerating and magnifying the impact and drivers of climate change

    The Harappans could cope with the change by migrating but owing to the existing rigid political boundaries with the increasing tendency of protectionism, this option is nearly closed in today’s global scenario which ultimately can cause political and social convulsion. Multilateral institutions, development agencies, and international law must do far more to resolve the impending crisis in line with the sustainable development goals.

    FLT 2 PAPER 2

    Q. Involving local communities along with the welfare of women can prevent malnutrition in the country effectively. Elaborate.

    Model Answer:

    While India’s malnutrition rates have improved over the recent years, the country is still facing a Triple burden of Malnutrition i.e. undernutrition, Hidden hunger, and Child overweight. In Global Hunger Index 2021 India ranked 101 among 116 countries under the Serious Level category, whereas the report of the WHO positioned India as the world’s third most obese nation after the USA and China.

    The Core Strength of a nation is vested in the capabilities of its people. Malnutrition inflicts the very human resources base, severely limiting the socio-economic development of a nation. In this regard involvement of the local community along with the empowerment of women becomes essential in tackling the issue of malnutrition.

    Role of Local Community  in preventing Malnutrition:

    • Ensuring accountability and Avoiding Leakages- using methods like surveys, social audits, local community’s checks both inclusion and exclusion errors and ensure accountability and better targeting thus improving the delivery of food and nutrition. Eg. ‘Collective Action for Nutrition’ (CAN) social audit program in Odisha.
    • Making Govt. interventions culturally adaptable– involvement local community build trust and cooperation that ensures various Govt. interventions are culturally appropriate and holistic in terms of design and implementation thus making it easier to adapt in fighting against Malnutrition. Example- fish, egg, and dry fruits in mid-day meal program of states like Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Lakshadweep. 
    • Checking discrimination: There is a correlation between discrimination based on gender, caste or religion and poor nutrition. With participation and active sensitization of the local community, such discrimination can be checked which in turn helps in fighting malnutrition.  
    • Acting as Role Model:  Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) recommended by both WHO and UNICEF, has shown positive results in the Nandurbar district of Maharashtra that led to rapid reduction of malnutrition among children between 2015-16 (NFHS-4) to 2019-20 (NFHS-5). it has the potential to be scaled up anywhere in India.
    • Support system: This collective action by communities imparts a sense of psychosocial well-being, self-efficacy and confidence to the group members along with the creation of a protective environment that helps in fighting malnutrition. Eg. the Proliferation of various community kitchens was conceived, organized, and run by the people in various states to tackle food security crisis during the lockdown.
    • Promotion of nutritional behavior: Synergy between the local community and various govt. departments can help in making the public aware of nutritional behavior.

    Eg.  SAAMAR (Strategic Action for Alleviation of Malnutrition and Anemia Reduction) campaign to tackle malnutrition in the state of Jharkhand.

    Welfare of women and Malnutrition

    • Mother’s Literacy: Mothers empowered with knowledge and a facilitative environment, as the decision-maker in the house they can ensure proper dietary diversity, breastfeeding immunization and other interventions which is crucial for reducing malnutrition.
    • Ending gender discrimination- female members of the household tend to be treated as inferior and receive a relatively lower share of nutrition. Women end up eating the last and the least. Undernourished mothers give birth to an undernourished baby thus perpetuating an intergenerational cycle of under nutrition. To break this circle, the welfare of women is imperative. 
    • Empowered women farmers can help fight malnutrition- Given financial support and choice in crop selection. A report of CARE India suggested that women farmers preferred crops that would contribute to household dietary diversity while promoting food and nutrition security rather than being more inclined towards cash crops. 
    • Political empowerment-  Role of women Sarpanchs in states like Rajasthan and Chhattisgarh showed that Women in leadership positions tend to take up issues related to health and hygiene on priority hence fighting rather effectively with menace like Malnutrition.

    In the fight against Malnutrition India needs a change of perspective where malnutrition is seen as a social issue rather than as a health problem. An integrated approach involving all the stakeholders along with the robust framework of service delivery can help India to achieve the aim of the second Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition by 2030.

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    MAINS MANTHAN 2021

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    Mains Guidance Plus

    Mains Guidance Plus is a wholesome package for UPSC Aspirants. The aim behind this program is not just to provide students with Model tests, but to cover multiple needs of students. From Mentorship to current affairs, the program has all the necessary elements needed for mains 2021.

    PROGRAM INCLUSION:

    Sectional Tests: 8 sectional tests to cover your static portions in detail. The scope will spread over your core subjects like History, economics, and polity, etc.

    Full-length tests: 12 FLTs to help you practice for the final Mains examination. These FLTs are patterned on UPSC Examination and have medium to high-quality questions. They will surely boost your preparation and test your analytical skills.

    One on One Mentorship: After every test, a call with a mentor will be arranged and you can clear your doubts on the paper. This is important as with your mentor you can discuss your weakness and strategize for the next paper.

    Quality Enrichment Program Notes: QEP is an intensive and holistic program for IAS Mains 2021 GS papers. We aim to cover up to 250 most relevant issues with a 360-degree view, covering all dimensions of each and every topic. Not only you’ll learn and analyze these issues but will also understand how to utilize them via Daily Answer Writing and Mains Test Series.

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    Mains Super 50

    Mains Super 50 is a program apt for those aspirants whose focus lies on clearing Mains 2021. Those Students who have been practicing some answer writing and want to directly start with FLTs should opt for this. This program also has complete mentorship support.

    PROGRAM INCLUSION:

    Full-length tests: 12 FLTs to help you practice for the final Mains examination. These FLTs are patterned on UPSC Examination and have medium to high-quality questions. They will surely boost your preparation and test your analytical skills.

    One on One Mentorship: After every test, a call with a mentor will be arranged and you can clear your doubts on the paper. This is important as with your mentor you can discuss your weakness and strategize for the next paper.

    Weekly Zoom Call with Sukanya Ma’am: These calls will focus on paper discussion and students can as well raise their queries.

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    10 Test Discussion: You can discuss 10 FLTs in which you have appeared recently. These tests can be from any institute. Just mail to us and we will provide you the guidance.

    One on One Mentorship: After submitting a test, a call with a mentor will be arranged and you can clear your doubts on the paper. This is important as with your mentor you can discuss your weakness and strategize for the next paper.

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    TOPPER COPIES 2020

    Download and read how their answers improved after guidance from our mentors.

    Karishma-Nair(AIR-14)Download
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    Pooja-Gupta (AIR-42)Download
    Pranav-Vijay (AIR -65)Download
    Lakshay-Kumar-(AIR -132)Download
    Ponmani-Nehru(AIR-148)Download

    Kunal Aggarwal Civilsdaily IAS UPSC Mains

    Other than these programs, you can check out our test series for Mains 2022 as well.

    https://www.civilsdaily.com/course/mains-essential-program-2022/

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  • The Supreme Court is walking the talk on citizens’ rights

    Context

    When the bench of the Chief Justice of India passed an order appointing a committee in the Pegasus matter, it served the interest of every Indian.

    What led to the appointment of committee by the Supreme Court

    • Pegasus has allegedly been used against politicians and individuals across the globe, including against politicians, journalists and other private individuals in India.
    • The issue rocked Parliament, but the government was not willing to share any information pertaining to the software or its use, citing national security as a reason.
    • The alleged victims of the software turned to the Supreme Court, and prayed for setting up of an independent enquiry.
    • The government, on being called upon by the Supreme Court, cited national security, contending that any information it let out would become a matter of public debate, which could be used by terror groups to hamper national security.
    • Its unrelenting stand left the court with no option but to take a call on whether to blindly accept the government’s refusal to share no information whatsoever, or lean in favour of a citizen’s right to privacy, a fundamental right guaranteed under the Constitution.
    • The Supreme Court chose the latter course.

    Balancing the fundamental rights  nad judicial review with national security

    • The Supreme Court has observed that “the state cannot get a free pass every time the spectre of national security is raised”.
    • It goes on to say that national security “cannot be the bugbear that the judiciary shies away from, by virtue of its mere mentioning. Although this court should be circumspect in encroaching upon the domain of national security, no omnibus prohibition can be called for against judicial review”.

    Conclusion

    The Pegasus order upholding the individual’s right to a life of dignity and privacy, is music to the ears of those who believe in constitutional values and rule of law.
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  • 2nd November 2021| Daily Answer Writing Enhancement(AWE)

    Topics for Today’s questions:

    GS-1    Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of art forms, literature and architecture from ancient to modern times.

    GS-2    Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

    GS-3    Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

    GS-4    Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships

    Questions:

    Question 1)

     

    Q.1 Gupta period in ancient India is noted for its achievements in the arts, architecture, sciences, religion and philosophy. Comment. (10 Marks)

     

    Question 2)

    Q.2 The spectacular increase in enrollment for graduation in recent years has not been matched by a concomitant increase in jobs. In light of this, examine how high-quality vocational institutions can help deal with the issue. (10 Marks)

    Question 3)

    Q.3 Various ministries can be linked to the coal shortage crisis faced by the power sector recently. The crisis is also a structural lacuna. In light of this, suggest measures to avoid such crises in the future. (10 Marks)

    Question 4)  

    Q.4 Discuss the role of ethics and values in enhancing the following three major components of Comprehensive National Power (CNP) viz. human capital, soft power (culture and policies) and social harmony.(10 Marks)

     

    HOW TO ATTEMPT ANSWERS IN DAILY ANSWER WRITING ENHANCEMENT(AWE)?

    1. Daily 4 questions from General studies 1, 2, 3, and 4 will be provided to you.

    2. A Mentor’s Comment will be available for all answers. This can be used as a guidance tool but we encourage you to write original answers.

    3. You can write your answer on an A4 sheet and scan/click pictures of the same.

    4.  Upload the scanned answer in the comment section of the same question.

    5. Along with the scanned answer, please share your Razor payment ID, so that paid members are given priority.

    6. If you upload the answer on the same day like the answer of 11th  October is uploaded on 11th October then your answer will be checked within 72 hours. Also, reviews will be in the order of submission- First come first serve basis

    7. If you are writing answers late, for example, 11th October is uploaded on 13th October, then these answers will be evaluated as per the mentor’s schedule.

    8. We encourage you to write answers on the same day. However, if you are uploading an answer late then tag the mentor like @Staff so that the mentor is notified about your answer.

    *In case your answer is not reviewed, reply to your answer saying *NOT CHECKED*. 

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  • India offers ‘Panchamrita’ Strategy for Climate Conundrum at Glasgow

    PM Modi has proposed a five-fold strategy called the ‘Panchamrita’ for India to play its part in helping the world get closer to 1.5 degrees Celsius on the first day of the global climate meeting in Glasgow.

    What is Panchamrita?

    • ‘Panchamrita’ is a traditional method of mixing five natural foods — milk, ghee, curd, honey and jaggery. These are used in Hindu and Jain worship rituals. It is also used as a technique in Ayurveda.
    • The PM euphemistically termed his scheme as ‘Panchamrita’ meaning the ‘five ambrosia’.
    • Under Panchamrita’, India will:
    1. Get its non-fossil energy capacity to 500 gigawatts by 2030
    2. Meet 50 per cent of its energy requirements till 2030 with renewable energy
    3. Reduce its projected carbon emission by one billion tonnes by 2030
    4. Reduce the carbon intensity of its economy by 45 per cent by 2030
    5. Achieve net zero by 2070

    Key takeaways of PM’s speech

    (a) Commitment for climate action

    • India consists of 17 per cent of the world’s population but contribute only five per cent of emissions.
    • Yet, it has left no stone unturned in doing our bit to fight climate change.
    • At Paris, India was making promises not to the world but to itself and 1.3 billion Indians, PM said.

    (b) Climate finance

    • The 2015 Paris CoP where the Paris Agreement was signed was not a summit but a sentiment.
    • The promises made till now on climate finance were useless.
    • When we all are increasing our ambitions on climate action, the world’s ambition could not stay the same on climate finance as was agreed at the time of Paris.

    (c) India’s track record

    • India was fourth as far as installed renewable energy capacity was concerned.
    • The Indian Railways has pledged to make itself net-zero by 2030. This will result in an annual 60 million tonnes reduction in emissions.
    • India initiated the International Solar Alliance for solar energy.
    • It has also set up the coalition for disaster resilient infrastructure for climate adaptation.

     

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  • [pib] BASIC Countries

    The Union Environment Minister has delivered the statement on behalf of the BASIC group of countries at the UN Climate Change Conference underway at Glasgow.

    Who are the BASIC Countries?

    • The BASIC countries (also Basic countries or BASIC) are a bloc of four large newly industrialized countries – Brazil, South Africa, India and China.
    • It was formed by an agreement on 28 November 2009.
    • The four committed to act jointly at the Copenhagen climate summit, including a possible united walk-out if their common minimum position was not met by the developed nations.
    • This emerging geopolitical alliance, initiated and led by China, then brokered the final Copenhagen Accord with the United States.

    What is the Copenhagen Accord?

    • The Copenhagen Accord is a document signed at COP 15 to the UNFCCC on 18 December 2009.
    • The Accord states that global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F).
    • It does not specify what the baseline is for these temperature targets (e.g., relative to pre-industrial or 1990 temperatures).
    • In January 2010, the Accord was described merely as a political agreement and not legally binding, as is argued by the US and Europe.
    • It is not legally binding and does not commit countries to agree to a binding successor to the Kyoto Protocol, whose round ended in 2012.
    • According to the UNFCCC, these targets are relative to pre-industrial temperatures.

     

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  • Guidelines released for safe rescue, release of Ganges River Dolphins (GRDs)

    The Jal Shakti Ministry has released a guide for the safe rescue and release of stranded Ganges River Dolphins.

    Gangetic Dolphin

    • The Gangetic river system is home to a vast variety of aquatic life, including the Gangetic dolphin (Platanista gangetica).
    • The species, whose global population is estimated at 4,000, are (nearly 80%) found in the Indian subcontinent.
    • It is found mainly in the Indian subcontinent, particularly in Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems.
    • It is one of five species of river dolphin found around the world.
    • Only three species of freshwater dolphins are remaining on the earth after the functional extinction of the Chinese river Dolphin (Baiji) in 2006.

    Conservation status

    1. The GRDs have been designated the National Aquatic Animal of India since 2010.
    • It is listed as:
    1. Endangered under IUCN Red List
    2. Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act (1972)
    3. Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

    About the guidelines

    • The document has been prepared by the Turtle Survival Alliance, India Program and Environment, Forest and Climate Change Department (EFCCD), Uttar Pradesh.
    • The guide has been drawn from years of experience of the organization while rescuing 25 Ganges River Dolphins (GRDs) stranded in irrigation canals.

    Various threats

    • They often accidentally enter canal channels in northern India and are often entrapped, and die as they are unable to swim up against the gradient.
    • They are eventually harassed by the locals.
    • Opportunistic poaching for meat and oil in certain pockets of the country is another big threat.

     

    UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

  • Our Best Prelims Program Till Now| Smash Prelims 2022| By Santhosh Sir who scored 145+ twice in Prelims| More than Test-Series

    Our Best Prelims Program Till Now| Smash Prelims 2022| By Santhosh Sir who scored 145+ twice in Prelims| More than Test-Series

    FILL THE FORM FOR DOUBTS REGARDING SMASH 2022 PRELIMS
    BUY THIS COURSE – SMASH 2022 PRELIMS

    Prelims Super-25 Program is back after a thumping success in Prelims 2021. Out of 25 students Santhosh sir has mentored, 15 have cleared prelims this time.

    Do you want to practice medium to tough test series regularly? Before attending a test do you want to revise the right notes with integrated current affairs? And, after a test do you want an experienced mentor to discuss your answers and motivate you?

    If yes, then this is the right program for you! The registrations are open for all UPSC 2022 aspirants.

    Is Prelims the Toughest Exam of UPSC-CSE?

    Toppers like Pranav Vijayvergiya (AIR 65) and Swati Sharma (AIR 17) have found Prelims to be tougher than Mains. In fact, Pranav failed to clear Prelims thrice. But, in his fourth attempt he had cleared Mains and Interview in one shot!

    What makes prelims tough? It’s because the paper is unpredictable. If this year, science questions are a breeze then the next year you will have to answer advanced concept based questions.

    Unlike Mains, Prelims has negative marking. One has to be good at elimination methods to choose the right option amongst two similar ones.

    Our Super 25 Prelims Program started as a pilot project last year with an aim to introduce step-wise improvement in our chosen 25 aspirants. Over a period of 2 months, Santhosh sir inculcated confidence in aspirants who were either newbies or gave too many attempts.

    This year, we achieved a remarkable 60% success ratio. Next year, we have set our eyes on 100%. Yes, we are ambitious and aspirational just like any other UPSC aspirant.

    How do Students find Santhosh Sir’s Mentorship?

    Santhosh sir has always been more than a guide. He has always walked with aspirants in their UPSC journey than ahead of them. Whenever our students were demotivated, this is how Santhosh sir lifted their spirits —

    Testimonials by students who successfully cleared UPSC 2021 Prelims —

    read other testimonials of santhosh sir over here

    How is Smash Prelims 2022 structured?

    The program has three pillars and every aspirant who enrolls for Smash 2022 Prelims has access to all of them.

    Pillar-1

    Prelims Tests:

    40 (12 Basic + 6 Advanced + 10 CA tests + 8 Full tests + 4 CSAT)

    Sl No.SUBJECTNO. OF TESTS
    1Polity3
    2Modern History2 
    3Economy2 
    4Geography3
    5Environment3
    6Science & Technology1
    7Ancient and Medieval India2
    8Economic Survey1
    9Schemes and India Year Book1
    10Current Affairs10
    11CSAT4
    12Full Length Test8

    Pillar-2

    Value Additions Notes and Classes by Santosh Gupta Sir

    Polity  

    Santhosh Gupta sir will conduct two sessions covering all the Polity Fundamentals, a session analyzing past year papers, another session on important current affairs related to polity this year and will discuss your test solutions.

    History 

    Santhosh Gupta sir will conduct a session on Sectoral Developments in Modern History, a session analyzing past year papers and test discussion.

    Economy

    There will be sessions on economic survey, trend analysis, discussion of most important economic current affairs, past year paper analysis and economy final test discussion.

     Geography

    Santhosh sir will conduct sessions on the most difficult aspects like Geography Mapping, Economic Geography and Indian Agriculture.

    Environment

    Santhosh Gupta sir will cover sessions on Environment innovatively. Key concepts like vegetation and biome, Indian wildlife, conventions and protocols, national parks and sanctuaries, agriculture and sustainable development and environment current affairs will be covered.

    Science & Technology

    This year’s prelims paper questioned on the basic concepts of science. Keeping this in mind, Santhosh Gupta sir will conduct 2 sessions on One basic concepts and current affairs of science and technology.

    Other Value Additions

    1. Decimate Prelims-2022 Content: 2 years of current affairs notes for all topics + Videos

    2. Civilsdaily Current Affairs Magazines for 1 year

    3. Civilsdaily compilations of Yojna, Kurukshetra, PRS and RS TV.

    4. Civilsdaily Budget And Economic Survey Summary.

    Pillar-3

    Santhosh Gupta sir’s mentorship programme will have these special features for aspirants.

    1. Monthly zoom session by Santosh Gupta for doubt clearance and continuous improvement.

    2. 1-1 mentor calls after tests.

    3. Habitat/Whatsapp support from mentors.

    4. Frequent sessions with toppers for support and guidance. 

    If you have any doubts regarding the program, please fill the form for a call back.

    fill the form for doubts regarding smash 2022 prelims

    Course Details

    The fees for complete Smash Prelims Program is 20,000+ GST

    Aspirants who don’t want the full program can opt for Smash Prelims-2022: Mini version. This will not have value added notes. Prelims tests + individual mentorship + monthly zoom sessions by Santosh Gupta sir will be available for this plan.

    BUY THIS COURSE – SMASH PRELIMS 2022

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