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On Birsa Munda’s birth anniversary, let’s celebrate his fight for dignity

Introduction Birsa Munda and the larger Janjatiya movement occupy a central position in India’s social-political evolution. From colonial-era uprisings to modern state-led empowerment measures, tribal struggles reveal a continuous assertion of identity, land rights, cultural autonomy, and equitable development. The government’s recent initiatives, including the celebration of Janjatiya Gaurav Divas, PM-Janman Mission, tribal-focused infrastructure schemes,… Continue reading

Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Rules, 2025

Why in the News? The Centre has notified major provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023 under the DPDP Rules, 2025, operationalising India’s first comprehensive digital privacy law. The notification is a major shift from years of unregulated data collection where companies faced minimal obligations for consent, breach reporting, or user rights.… Continue reading

Study on Lithium-Rich Red Giant Stars and Helium Abundance

Why in the News? A recent study conducted by Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) has discovered a link between Lithium-rich red giant stars and their enhanced helium abundance. What are Red Giant Stars? Overview: Evolved stars that have exhausted core hydrogen, causing the core to contract and the outer layers to expand into a large,… Continue reading

Recently awarded GI Tags

Why in the News? The Geographical Indications (GI) Registry under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry granted GI recognition to multiple traditional products across India, including Ambaji Marble (Gujarat), Panna Diamond (Madhya Pradesh), and Lepcha Instruments (Sikkim). GI Tag/Product Details Ambaji White Marble (Gujarat) • Known for pure white color, high calcium content, and durability… Continue reading

NASA’s ESCAPADE Mission to Mars

Why in the News? NASA launched the ESCAPADE mission aboard the New Glenn rocket developed by Blue Origin. About ESCAPADE Mission: Mission Overview: ESCAPADE is a NASA Mars mission consisting of two identical orbiters (Blue and Gold) designed to study how the solar wind interacts with the Martian atmosphere and magnetosphere. Launch: Launched aboard Blue… Continue reading

[2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Geography: Give a geographical explanation of the distribution of off-shore oil reserves of the world. How are they different from the on-shore occurrences of oil reserves? (15 Marks)

Smash 2025 Basic test 04 Q20. Discuss the location of various petroleum crude resources in India and the world. What are some steps taken by the government to make India self-sufficient in supply of petroleum crude. Have they been successful? PYQ Q. It is said the India has substantial reserves of shale oil and gas,… Continue reading

[14th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Donald Trump shakes up the global nuclear order

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2021] The USA is facing an existential threat in the form of China, that is much more challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union. Explain. Linkage: China’s denial of nuclear testing and its call for the U.S. to uphold the moratorium illustrate the sharper, more complex strategic rivalry between the two powers. This… Continue reading

Holding up GLASS to India: securing stewardship to tackle AMR

INTRODUCTION AMR in India is now labelled a “serious and escalating threat”, with the latest WHO GLASS report (2025) confirming extraordinarily high resistance levels across commonly used antibiotics. Nearly one in five severe infections in India mirrored or exceeded South and East Asian trends, and one in six confirmed infections was resistant. India’s high infectious… Continue reading

Urgent update: India needs to revise its CPI urgently

Introduction The October retail inflation data exposed severe inaccuracies in India’s Consumer Price Index (CPI). While headline inflation appeared to fall to just 0.25%, the lowest since January 2012, the decline stemmed from a statistical anomaly, not real deflation. A collapse of 3.7% in the food and beverages index, driven largely by errors in price… Continue reading

Why Hepatitis A deserves a place in India’s Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP)?

Why in the News? Health authorities are debating whether Hepatitis A vaccine should have higher priority for inclusion in Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) compared to Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV). About Hepatitis A: Overview: Viral infection caused by Hepatitis A Virus (HAV), spreading through contaminated food, water, or close contact with an infected person. Nature of… Continue reading

India’s CO₂ Emission Trends as per Global Carbon Budget, 2025

Why in the News? The Global Carbon Budget 2025 shows India’s fossil fuel emissions barely rising (3.19 to 3.22 billion tonnes) with growth slowing to 1.4 per cent, hinting at early stabilisation. India’s CO₂ Emission Trends: Annual Growth: Fossil fuel CO₂ emissions rose from 3.19 billion tonnes (2024) to 3.22 billion tonnes (2025) a 1.4%… Continue reading

Govt to begin year-long National Migration Survey from July 2026

Why in the News? The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), through the National Statistics Office (NSO), will conduct the National Migration Survey 2026–27 from July 2026 to June 2027. About the National Migration Survey (2026–27): Overview: A nationwide MoSPI–NSO survey conducted from July 2026 to June 2027 to measure India’s migration rates, patterns,… Continue reading

‘DRISHTI’ System for AI Freight Wagon Safety

Why in the News? Indian Railways is deploying an AI system called DRISHTI (AI-Based Freight Wagon Locking Monitoring System) to spot unlocked or tampered freight wagon doors in motion, developed with IIT Guwahati to improve freight safety. About the DRISHTI System: Overview: It is an Artificial Intelligence system developed by the Northeast Frontier Railway with… Continue reading

[13th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ED: Inter-State rivalry that is fuelling India’s growth

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2020] How far do you think cooperation, competition and confrontation have shaped the nature of federation in India? Cite some recent examples to validate your answer. Linkage: The article highlights how State-level competition for investment is reshaping India’s federal structure into a more dynamic, State-driven model. This directly reflects the PYQ’s focus… Continue reading

How grassroots movements and campaigns are shaping India

INTRODUCTION India’s development story is incomplete without recognising the individuals, communities and voluntary organisations working at the grassroots who transform adversity into resilience. Through examples from Subroto Bagchi, Bela Bhatia, and other chroniclers of grassroots India, the article illustrates how local aspirations, bottom-up leadership, and rights-based activism challenge structural inequalities and drive social transformation. These… Continue reading

Tuberculosis incidence falling in India by 21% a year: WHO report

Why in the News? The World Health Organization’s Global TB Report 2025 says India’s TB incidence dropped 21% from 237 to 187 per lakh between 2015 and 2024, almost twice the global decline rate of 12%. About Global TB Report 2025: Publisher: Released by the World Health Organization (WHO) in November 2025. India’s TB Incidence… Continue reading

Ricin: the new Bio-Weapon

Why in the News? Recent investigations after the Delhi Bomb Blast revealed a plot to use ricin, a deadly biological toxin, for large-scale terror attacks. About Ricin: Origin: Ricin is a highly toxic protein derived from the mash left after processing castor beans (Ricinus communis) for castor oil. Discovery: First isolated in 1888 by German… Continue reading

Low taxes spur buying but jobs and incomes will have to grow

Introduction India’s economy is witnessing strong domestic demand supported by lower income tax and GST rates, easing inflation, a healthy monsoon, and lower interest rates. However, external uncertainties, high U.S. tariffs on Indian exports, and weak goods-export momentum pose headwinds. While consumption, services exports, and government capital expenditure show strength, India’s long-term growth will depend… Continue reading

Row over National Anthem

Why in the News? A Karnataka MP has claimed that Rabindranath Tagore composed ‘Jana Gana Mana’ as a welcome song for British officials, reigniting an old debate about its intent. About the National Anthem ‘Jana Gana Mana’: Composition: Written by Rabindranath Tagore on December 11, 1911, in Sanskritised Bengali, as part of the five-stanza hymn… Continue reading

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