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  • [Yojana Archive] NITI Aayog: Redefining Federalism

    May 2020
    • A few decades ago, when we talked of Federal Structure, one generally drew a uni-dimensional picture, in mind, with Centre on the top of all the States.
    • We rarely saw it as a synergy between the States, and a common strategy to develop and grow together.
    • Though, this is the new-age approach of the Federal Structure based on cooperative and competitive federalism defined and re-emphasized with the formation of NITI Aayog.

    What is Federalism?

    • Essentially, federalism is an institutional mechanism to accommodate two sets of polities—one at the regional level and the other at the national level. Each government is autonomous in its sphere.
    • The Indian Constitution provides for a federation with a strong center.
    • It does not use the word ‘federation’ and has described India as a “Union of States”, which implies the ‘cooperative’ nature with certain unitary features.
    • The Union, State, and Concurrent lists demarcate the responsibilities and functions of the two.

    The idea behind Indian Federalism

    Federalism has to continuously maintain a difficult balance between the Centre and the States with decentralization of resources, strengthening them all by bringing the weaker leg forward, creating healthy competition among the States in the form of Health, Sanitation Rankings, etc.

    • The idea is to develop a culture and a set of values and virtues like mutual trust, and a spirit of cooperation among the people and policies.
    • It is about acknowledging and celebrating unity as well as diversity, respecting the boundaries as well as transcending the boundaries.
    • The most common analogy given for such a structure is ‘the brain’ and ‘the body parts’.
    • The way they work in tandem with perfect synchronization is the spirit, mind, and soul of federalism as well.
    • Each organ is dependent on the other for smooth functioning and growth of the entire body.

    NITI Aayog

    • The NITI Aayog (abbreviation for National Institution for Transforming India) is a public policy think tank of the Government of India.
    • It is established with the aim to achieve sustainable development goals with cooperative federalism by fostering the involvement of States in the economic policy-making process using a bottom-up approach.

    Its founding principles include:

    1. Cooperative federalism (a collaboration between the Central and State Governments) and
    2. Competitive federalism (spurring healthy competition among States)

    NITI Aayog Vs Planning Commission: A comparison

    • Planning Commission and NITI Aayog, their mandate and approach of the two institutions, with the same overarching goal of developing India, could not be more different.
    • Planning Commission operated through the lens of Five-Year Plans, using financial resources as the primary lever for guiding development.
    • NITI Aayog, on the other hand, is driven primarily through intellectual firepower as well as the mandate and capability of forging meaningful partnerships with the stakeholders
    • While the Planning Commission acted as a fund disburser, NITI Aayog works as a thought partner with all stakeholders, especially the States, which are the principal agents for fostering economic development in the country.
    • While the Planning Commission followed a top-down model, the NITI Aayog is using a bottom-up approach.
    • While the Planning Commission impinged on the fiscal sovereignty of the States, they are now empowered to decide how best to use their funds, without being mandated to follow a top-down direction.
    • The NITI Aayog has replaced the Central Government’s practice of unilaterally designing the pan-Indian development strategy-while working with State Governments to jointly prepare development blueprints.

    Notably, the Planning Commission adopted a ‘onesize- fits-all’ approach towards the Indian States. NITI Aayog, on the other hand, is guided by a ‘States-first’ approach.

    Various initiatives by the NITI Aayog

    [1] For regional development

    • The NITI Forum for North East has been constituted and tangible sectoral proposals are being implemented by the States in partnership with the North East Council.
    • It has designed some major initiatives for island development which are being implemented by relevant authorities under the overall guidance of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
    • It is also envisaged that like the NITI Forum for the North East, other regional councils of contiguous States could be formed in the coming months.

    [2] Various Indicators

    NITI promotes competitive federalism by pushing its sectoral indices which are put out in the public domain.

    • The indices on water, education, health, innovation, export preparedness, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have attracted significant positive attention through SDG India Index.
    • The ‘Performance in Health Outcomes’ Index, for instance, captures the overall performance of States in health along with annual improvements in health outcomes, governance, and processes.
    • Similarly, the Composite Water Management Index details how States have progressed on water-related issues over time.
    • The ‘School Education Quality Index’ and Performance Grading Index aims to institutionalize a focus on improving education outcomes (learning, access, equity) in India.

    [3] Policy inputs

    • NITI Aayog has been continuously engaged in providing fresh policy-related inputs for implementation by relevant Central Government Ministries and State Government agencies.
    • It has been involved in drafting the National Medical Commission Bill and the bills for reforming the education system pertaining to Indian Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy.
    • Several policy suggestions are contained in NITI’s document ‘Strategy for New India @ 75’. It is a seven-year strategy.
    • The Centre has passed important legislation in the agriculture sector. The onus is now on the States to implement this reform and pave the way for significantly enhancing productivity and doubling farmers’ income.

    [4] Various development programs

    NITI Aayog has also introduced a competition element in the ‘Aspirational Districts Program’ which aims to raise the human development indicators in these districts to the national averages by focusing on governance improvement and achieving effective convergence among government agencies and organizations on the ground.

    NITI Aayog has been focused on nurturing an innovation ecosystem across the country through the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM). It is a flagship initiative of NITI for promoting innovation and entrepreneurship across the length and breadth of the country.

    AIM promotes an innovative mindset in school students through Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) which feed into start-ups fostered by the Atal Incubation Centres (AICs).

    [5] Various schemes

    • NITI Aayog has also been closely involved with the design and monitoring of the Ayushman Bharat program.
    • It has played a similar key role in the POSHAN Abhiyaan which the Government launched to provide an appropriate governance structure that affects the nutritional status of an individual or household.
    • It has also implemented the SATH – ‘Sustainable Action for Transforming Human Capital’ program in 3 States.
    • It shared a road map for Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana with all States and Union Territories.

    Way forward

    • In the years to come, India needs to make similar persistent efforts wherein both the Central and State Governments work jointly to solve the country’s most complex issues and unleash growth.
    • To meet the rising aspirations of our young population, India needs to achieve and sustain a high rate of GDP growth for the next three decades.
    • In pursuit of this goal, continued structural reforms are crucial for laying new foundations to ensure sustained and inclusive growth.
    • NITI Aayog has a key role to play in helping India undertake these reforms and implement policy initiatives in a scalable and impactful manner through partnerships with States.
    • To achieve the goal of rapid, sustained, and clean growth that generates employment for all, investing in the right physical and social infrastructure, is a prerequisite.

    NITI Aayog with its intellectual breadth and depth is well placed to help India achieve these goals.

    Conclusion

    • NITI Aayog has endeavored to pursue its twin mandate of promoting cooperative and competitive federalism through partnerships with States for designing and reviewing development plans.
    • Ultimately, the onus of putting India on a high-growth trajectory and ensuring that the benefits of growth are equitably distributed rests with both the Centre and States.
    • NITI Aayog will continue to work towards strengthening cooperative federalism in the country, thereby enabling the Centre and States to work in tandem as equal partners for ensuring India’s success.

  • Prime Prelims TS 2022 starts today: First test – Polity Basic | Enrollments open

    Program starting Today

    click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship
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    40 Tests (8 Basic, 8 Advanced, 10 Current Affairs, 10 Full Length, 4 CSAT)

    Download PDF for better visibility – Prime Prelims TS 2022 Time Table

     It’s 2021-22 session and we are set to look at the brighter side of Covid mayhem. Apparently, it dented our confidence but not the will to stand tall. So much happened over the last couple of years and now things are set for a revival. Several exams were battered with UPSC Civil Services being no exception.

    Despite the churnings happening around us, few fundamentals couldn’t be challenged at least about the UPSC exam. Much coveted UPSC civils service has always attracted the best talents from across India. Hence on the flip side heightening the competition. So, you really have to strive hard. As a result, a focussed and measured approach is always needed and that too throughout the year.

    Those who have already faced the exam would know it themselves. The importance & contribution of the Mock Tests in finetuning the prep process cannot be overemphasized.

    I wouldn’t mention anyone else but cite my own example.

    During the first year of preparations, I used to struggle through Hindu and Express for current affairs. Investing around 4 hours a day fighting the menace of changing context all on my own. Then I realised the need for something which had the potential to give me clarity on the content and samples of what comes in the exam.

    It then became evident that a reliable touch of direction and a source of instant help, whenever necessary is indispensable. That’s when I would know what are my weaknesses and how to correct them. Not only that but also how to mend my gaps in understanding.

    These sessions have the power of healing touch and reassurance. That’s how I could divert all my energy with a needle tip precision and forsake all the non-core worries to my mentors/course designers.

    Now fast forward to the present, to prove the point we have many testimonies and attestations. Not the least many top rankers in several pep talks have emphasised the importance of Mocks / Practice Test papers. And Civilsdaily IAS has always been at the centre stage.

    Comparison Between With Mentorship, Without Mentorship and Other Program
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    Presenting you few highlights about our Prime Prelims Program 2022

    1. Complete course revision with Test Paper-based time-plan

    The complete course has 36 Test papers, to enhance the exam worthiness of an aspirant. Especially those who have their house (concepts) in order about the course/syllabus. The idea of solving test or mock papers is with the intent to find out the gaps in our preparation. Sometimes they are also helpful for the mains or subjective type questions.

    2. A holistic mix of Static – cum- Dynamic Test series

    Course completion is what we care to establish with each finishing module. And this incorporates the aspect of Current affairs and Associated statics as well. Hence an aspirant gets a holistic mix of Static cum Dynamic elements featured in this course.

    3. Mentor & Discussion help for 1-1

    This is an important element for aiding/expediting the process of course completion within a specified time limit. Mentorship with tests is going to help an aspirant keep a track of the syllabus, which was earlier either glossed over or paid little attention to. Mentors will be the person who would have the responsibility to ensure you end up with all the papers. Also, imparting valuable advice to stay sane and mindful.

    Test Mentorship calls would be provided once you are up-to-date with all the allotted tests. Calls would be scheduled as per this plan:

    1. One call after the first two tests. Aimed at guiding the basics.
    2. One call after the successful completion of basic tests.
    3. One call after the successful completion of Advanced tests.
    4. One call before the start of FLTs.
    5. One call before the Prelims Exam.

    4. All India Rankings

    All India rankings are here to help you deal with the moments of truths vis-à-vis your preparation level. They give you the necessary nudge to focus back on evaluating the current state of preparation. Your mentor would have a lot more to focus on wrt the rankings you achieve.

    5. Performance-based Aspirant Cohorts on Civilsdaily Habitat

    At Civilsdaily, you would get a community always ready to deal with unexpected roadblocks. We aim to create a like-minded and similarly placed aspirant cohort. For a better discussion of tasks and problem-solving capabilities. So as a member of any Cohort, chat (responsibly) with other learners.

     If you have a question, chances are, you’re not alone. Reach out in the discussion forum to ask for help from other learners taking this program.

    6. CivilsDaily Habitat Sessions – Ask Anything

    Where your queries about courses/syllabus / basic doubts would be addressed to keep you always on the move.

    Throughout this course, you will learn about the techniques of time management, the ability to find a static–dynamic convergence. Also, peace of mind about course completion under the guidance of a mentor. The mentor would also provide a lot of reading material from time to time. But sometimes, you may need to look things up on your own for extra learning. Things change fast in our dynamic socio-political setup, so it is critical to do your own research so you can stay up-to-date on what is new.

    7. Tikdams for mastering the art of intelligent guesstimates

    Tikdam technique is a very important skill which can boost your score by 30+ marks. It will prepare you and enhance your ability to perform under pressure (& lack of information). 

    We not only impart but make you practice these skills in our Test Series. We will provide:

    1) Static and Tikdam Lectures: Lectures on static subjects will *not* focus on explaining you the basics but instead focus on important details/trivia you skip to miss. From a prelims perspective, these details become very important. We are also releasing 30+ Hours of Advanced Video Lectures on Static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economy

    2) Economic Survey and Budget lectures: The importance of Union budget and economic survey can’t be overstated, not only for UPSC prelims but also for Mains and Essay as well, it is a not to be missed section for preparation. Even for UPSC interview candidates, these lecture series are very important.


    3) Static PDF Notes: Civilsdaily has been known for its high-quality content. In this Program, We will be providing Static notes of various Subjects like Economics, Arts and Culture, Environment, Geography, History etc.

    Our Testimonials:

    What is there on Habitat?

    • #DDS sessions – Dedicated sessions every day to resolve doubts in real-time. Never keep a doubt to yourself.
    • An ecosystem for co-learning and active learning.
    • A highly motivated community to bring flexibility and consistency to your preparation.
      Samachar Manthan Civilsdaily IAS Current Affairs UPSCHabitat – Desktop and Mobile view
    click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship
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    Program inclusion:

    • 40 Tests
      • 8 Basic tests
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      • 10 Current Affairs
      • 10 Full-Length Tests
      • 4 CSAT tests
    • Civilsdaily’s Monthly Magazine Combo
    • Individual Mentorship
    • Economic Survey & Budget Videos and Notes
    • Advanced Static + Tikdam Videos
    • Admission to the exclusive Civilsdaily Prelims club on Habitat.
    • Monthly Zoom call and Static PDF notes.

    This is what our students have to say about our mock tests..

    Feedback for 2021 Prelims Mocks

    Civilsdaily’s Community: Testimonials

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  • Time to rethink the Big Tech’s immunity

    The article discusses the need for regulation of social media and counters against placing social media on a higher pedestal for the application of reasonable restrictions. 

    Social media and its regulation

    • Social media is a commercial product that connects people all over the globe.
    • It allows people to converse with each other through profiles both known and anonymous.
    • The object is purely commercial, that is to make money.
    • The fact that a commercial product could be used for a social purpose does not make the product a social good.
    • The new Information Technology Rules, 2021 formulated by the Government of India attempts to bring in a minimum regulatory standard to social media.
    • The present amendment to the rules is to formulate a broad and soft-touch regulation mechanism for use of the product, just like one would for a good like a car or a service like chartered accountancy.

    Issues with regulation of social media

    1) Immunity from content posted on platforms

    •  Social media companies enjoy an immunity — they are not considered responsible for the contents posted on them.
    • The immunity is granted on the ground that social media is merely a platform or a sort of a glorified postbox.
    • It is incorporated under the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines) Rules, 2011 framed under Section 79 of the Information Technology Act.
    • This protection is itself unique as it is not extended to newspapers, magazines or even websites.
    • This protection is given by the government as an exceptional measure.
    • The present amendment to rules only tries to update and make these rules workable considering the latest global developments.

    2) Constitution allows for restriction of freedom of speech

    • The Constitution itself gives us a restricted right to freedom of speech under Article 19(1)(a) and 19(2).
    • The argument that social media is entitled to some form of higher protection because it exists on the internet is an untenable argument.
    • The Constitution doesn’t recognise a hierarchy of rights depending on the medium through which the freedom of speech is exercised.

    3) Important for political and commercial speech

    • Social media has become so crucial to commercial and political speech in this country, there is an urgent need to regulate it.
    • It has effectively become a public square in which the most important conversations on politics and society are discussed.
    • The function of social media is clearly a public function at the lowest and as a public utility at the high end, and, therefore, automatically subject to regulation and the writ jurisdiction of the courts.

    Conclusion

    For all its significance and importance, social media needs to be regulated. However, the regulations should not hamper the freedom of expression and free speech.

  • Important Traditional Crafts, Music and Dance schools in India

    18th June 2021

    Indian Festivals

    Kumbha Mela
    • Held at all 4 places every 3 years by rotation (Allahabad, Haridwar, Nashik, Ujjain)
    • Associated rivers : Ganga at Haridwar, the Sangam of the Ganga, Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati at Allahabad,  Godawari at Nashik, and Shipra at Ujjain
    • Ardha Kumbh Mela  : Haridwar and Prayag every 6 years
    • Purna Kumbh Mela  : Prayag every 12 years
    • Maha Kumbh Mela  : Prayag every 144 years
    Holi
    • last full moon day of  Phalguna
    Maha Shivaratri
    • 13th night in Krishna Paksha of Phalguna
    Navaratri
    • 9 forms of Shakti are worshipped on 9 nights
    Vinayaga Chaturthi
    • On occasion of birth of Ganesha
    Vasant Panchami
    • Worshiping Saraswati –  the goddess of knowledge, music and art
    • Children are taught to write their first words; Brahmins are fed ; ancestral worship is performed; the god of love- Kamadeva is worshipped
    • People usually wear yellow garments
    Ramzan
    • Muslims refrain from eating, drinking and sexual relations from dawn until sunset
    • Intended to teach Muslims about patience, humility & spirituality
    Guru Purnima
    • Buddhists in the honour of Lord Buddha who gave his first sermon on this day at Sarnath
    • Hindus on this day offer Puja or pay respect to their Guru
    Buddha Poornima
    • Birth anniversary of Lord Buddha
    Christmas
    • Commemorate the birth of Jesus
    Easter
    • Oldest and holiest Christian festival – the day when Jesus Christ was crucified
    • On this day Jesus Christ rose from the dead and ascended into heaven
    Thai Pongal
    • Harvest festival celebrated in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Sri Lanka
    • To thank the Sun God and farmstead livestock
    • Boiling of milk in clay pot symbolize material abundance for household
    Muharram
    • Celebrated on the 1st  month of the Islamic calendar
    • unlawful to fight during this month
    Dree Festival
    • an agricultural rite, which is observed by Apatanis in Arunachal Pradesh
    • involves a sacrifice of fowls, eggs and animals to the sun & moon god to appease these Gods to avoid feminine

    Indian Dances

    Indian Folk Music

    • Baul : It is a type of Bengali music and a religious sect. The lyrics carry influence from Bhakti movement as well as Sufi movement.
    • Wanawan : Folk music from Kashmir which is sung during wedding ceremonies.
    • Padwani : This music is based on Mahabharata and uses both singing and playing instruments.
    • Alha : Song is from Madhya Pradesh and is a heroic ballad song.
    • Paani hari : Song is from the state of Rajasthan and is thematically related to water. Songs are generally about women fetching water from nearby well.
    • Ovi : Maharashtra and Goan women sing such songs during leisure time.
    • Pai song : Songs are mostly from Madhya Pradesh sung during festivals.
    • Lavani : Popular folk song from Maharashtra. Music has a powerful rhythm and beats and is suitable for dancing.
    • Maand : Developed in the royal circles
    • Dandiya raas : Performed in Gujarat and is associated with Holi and Lila of Krishna and Radha at Vrindavan
    • Powada : Folk type emerging from Maharashtra
    • Khongjom Parva : Important folk music from the state of Manipur.
    • Bhagwati : Popular amongst masses of Karnataka and Maharashtra. Musically they are close to ghazals and are sung on a slower pitch.

    Classical Dances

    The classical dance forms recognised by the Sangeet Natak Akademi and the Ministry of Culture are

    • Bharatanatyam, from Tamil Nadu
    • Kathak, from Uttar Pradesh and western India
    • Kathakali, from Kerala
    • Kuchipudi, from Andhra Pradesh
    • Odissi, from Odisha
    • Sattriya, from Assam
    • Manipuri, from Manipur
    • Mohiniyattam, from Kerala

    Indian Music

    MUSIC OF INDIA

    The two main traditions of classical music in India are Carnatic music and Hindustani Music. Carnatic Music is found predominantly in the peninsular regions and Hindustani music are found in the northern and central regions.

    Hindustani Music

    Hindustani music was not only influenced by ancient Hindu musical traditions but also enriched by the Persian performance practices of the Mughals.

    Dhrupad is an old style of Hindustani singing, traditionally performed by male singers. The great Indian musician Tansen sang in the Dhrupad style. Dhrupad was the main form of northern Indian classical music but has now given way to Khyal.

    Khyal is a form of vocal music in Hindustani music. It was adopted from medieval Persian music It is special as it is based on improvising and expressing emotion.

    Another vocal form Tarana are medium to fast-paced songs that are usually performed towards the end of the concert. They consist of a few lines of poetry with rhythmic syllables.

    Tappa is a form of Indian semi-classical vocal music. It originated from the folk songs of the camel riders of Punjab and was developed as a form of classical music by Mian Ghulam Nabi Shori.

    Thumri is a semi-classical vocal form said to have begun in Uttar Pradesh. The lyrics are typically in Brij Bhasha and are usually romantic.

    Ghazal is an originally Persian form of Poetry. In India, Ghazal became the most common form of poetry in the  Urdu language.

    Although Hindustani music clearly is focused on vocal performance, recently instrumental Hindustani music is very popular than vocal music especially outside South Asia.

    Carnatic Music

    Carnatic music is a system of music commonly associated with the southern part of  India especially. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Carnatic music is completely melodic with improvised variations. Purandara Dasa is credited with having founded today’s Carnatic music. He is credited with having elevated Carnatic music from religious and devotional music into the realm of performing art. Carnatic music is usually performed by a small ensemble of musicians consist ing of a principal performer (vocalist ) a violin, mridanga ,and a tamburu. Today Carnatic music is presented by musicians in concerts or recordings either vocally or through instruments.

    Important Indian Crafts

    ZARI

    •  Zari is an even thread traditionally made offine gold or silver used in traditional Indian, Pakistani and Persian garments and curtains, etc. Four types of zari are produced in India, namely, real zari, semi real zari, imitation zari and plastic zari.
    •  Real zari is made of silver and electroplated with gold, whereas semi real zari has a composition of copper coated with silver and gold electroplating. Surat is the home of zari industry in India. Other clusters producing zari are Bareilly, Varanasi, Agra, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Vadodara, Lathur, Jaipur, Barmer, etc.

    Coir Twisting

    •  Coir is a natural, eco-friendly, waterproof and exceptionally tensile fibre extracted from the nuts of coconut palms.
    •  It is found in abundance and is used for manufacturing a wide range of eco-friendly toys, mats, brushes, mattresses, wall hangings, key rings, pen stands and other home decoratives.
    •  This craft is primarily produced in Odisha (Sakhigopal, Puri, Pipli, Bhubaneswar, Batamangala and Kendrapara). It is also produced in Kerala (Ernakulam).

    Folk Painting

    •  Indian folk paintings are pictorial expressions of village painters which are marked by the subjects chosen from epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata, Indian Puranas as well as daily events. There are several vibrant folk painting types in India in different stages.
    •  The Gond tribe of Madhya Pradesh is engaged in floor and wall painting. Warli is a vivid expression of daily and social events of Warli tribe in Maharashtra. Rajasthan is famous for Phad painting done on cloth.
    •  Other types of paintings arc Pilhora painting in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, Madhubani painting of Bihar, Chitrakar painting of West Bengal, Patachitras in Odisha, and Kalamkar Srikalahasti, Andhra Pradesh.

    Metal Ware

    •  The metal crafts of India display intricate craftsmanship and fine art in shaping gold, silver, brass, copper into exquisitely designed images, idols, jewellery, and utility items. Different categories of handicrafts that come under metal ware are brass metalware of Moradabad, metal bidri work and bell metal in Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and so on.
    •  India is the largest brassware producer in the world. Major clusters of brassware are Moradabad, Murshidabad, Madurai, Salem, Cuttack and Haryana.
    •  Bidriware is a metal handicraft that originatedinBidar, Karnataka. The term
      ‘Bidriware’ originates from the township of Bidar, which is still the main centre of the unique metalware. It is a form of encrusted metalware, where one metal is inlaid on to another.
    •  Bidri products include a diverse range of objects including hukka bases, bowls, boxes, candle stands, trays, jewellery and buttons. It travelled from Iran to Ajmer in Rajasthan in the 13th century AD, and from there to Bijapur and flourished during the reign of the Deccan Sultanate.Itis also practised in Aurangabad district in the state of Maharashtra and Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh. The basic metal used for Bidri is the alloy of zinc and copper.

    Filigree and Silverware

    •  Filigree is an extremely ancient technique dating back to 4000 years ago. Filigree work is performed on silver and involves significant precision and technicality. Two major clusters of silver filigree in India are Karimnagar in Andhra Pradesh and Cuttack in Odisha.
    •  The practice in Karimnagar is about two centuries old. However, it is also practised in Warangal in Andhra Pradesh. Key raw materials used are silver wire, tracing sheet, copper, charcoal, dilute sulphuric acid.

    Textile Hand Embroidery

    •  In textile hand embroidery, embellishment is made on fabric with threads and sometimes with other materials.
    •  There are many popular embroidery clusters such as chikankari and zardozi of Lucknow, katha of Bengal pulkari of Punjab. kutchi embroidery of Gujarat and kashidakari of Kashmir. Zardozi has been traditionally prevalent in Lucknow and the six surrounding districts ofBarabanki, Unnao, Sitapur, Rae Bareli, Hardoi and Amethi.

    Textile Hand Printing

    •  Hand-printed textiles is a craft in which cloth is dyed with hand or printed using shapes. Various types of hand printing practiced in India are block printing, batik, kalamkari (hand printing by pen) and bandhani (tie and die).
    •  Some of the important centres of this craft are in Hyderabad, Machalipattnam, Varanasi, Farrukabad, Bagh, Behrongarh, Indore, Mandsar, Burhanpur, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Kutch, Bagru, Chittroli, Sanganer, Jaipur and Jodhpur.

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  • Prime Prelims TS 2022 launched | Last 2 days to Join | Enrollment open

    Program starting from 19th June 2021

    click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship
    click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 Without Individual Mentorship

    40 Tests (8 Basic, 8 Advanced, 10 Current Affairs, 10 Full Length, 4 CSAT)

    Download PDF for better visibility – Prime Prelims TS 2022 Time Table

     It’s 2021-22 session and we are set to look at the brighter side of Covid mayhem. Apparently, it dented our confidence but not the will to stand tall. So much happened over the last couple of years and now things are set for a revival. Several exams were battered with UPSC Civil Services being no exception.

    Despite the churnings happening around us, few fundamentals couldn’t be challenged at least about the UPSC exam. Much coveted UPSC civils service has always attracted the best talents from across India. Hence on the flip side heightening the competition. So, you really have to strive hard. As a result, a focussed and measured approach is always needed and that too throughout the year.

    Those who have already faced the exam would know it themselves. The importance & contribution of the Mock Tests in finetuning the prep process cannot be overemphasized.

    I wouldn’t mention anyone else but cite my own example.

    During the first year of preparations, I used to struggle through Hindu and Express for current affairs. Investing around 4 hours a day fighting the menace of changing context all on my own. Then I realised the need for something which had the potential to give me clarity on the content and samples of what comes in the exam.

    It then became evident that a reliable touch of direction and a source of instant help, whenever necessary is indispensable. That’s when I would know what are my weaknesses and how to correct them. Not only that but also how to mend my gaps in understanding.

    These sessions have the power of healing touch and reassurance. That’s how I could divert all my energy with a needle tip precision and forsake all the non-core worries to my mentors/course designers.

    Now fast forward to the present, to prove the point we have many testimonies and attestations. Not the least many top rankers in several pep talks have emphasised the importance of Mocks / Practice Test papers. And Civilsdaily IAS has always been at the centre stage.

    Comparison Between With Mentorship, Without Mentorship and Other Program
    click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship
    click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 Without Individual Mentorship

    Presenting you few highlights about our Prime Prelims Program 2022

    1. Complete course revision with Test Paper-based time-plan

    The complete course has 36 Test papers, to enhance the exam worthiness of an aspirant. Especially those who have their house (concepts) in order about the course/syllabus. The idea of solving test or mock papers is with the intent to find out the gaps in our preparation. Sometimes they are also helpful for the mains or subjective type questions.

    2. A holistic mix of Static – cum- Dynamic Test series

    Course completion is what we care to establish with each finishing module. And this incorporates the aspect of Current affairs and Associated statics as well. Hence an aspirant gets a holistic mix of Static cum Dynamic elements featured in this course.

    3. Mentor & Discussion help for 1-1

    This is an important element for aiding/expediting the process of course completion within a specified time limit. Mentorship with tests is going to help an aspirant keep a track of the syllabus, which was earlier either glossed over or paid little attention to. Mentors will be the person who would have the responsibility to ensure you end up with all the papers. Also, imparting valuable advice to stay sane and mindful.

    Test Mentorship calls would be provided once you are up-to-date with all the allotted tests. Calls would be scheduled as per this plan:

    1. One call after the first two tests. Aimed at guiding the basics.
    2. One call after the successful completion of basic tests.
    3. One call after the successful completion of Advanced tests.
    4. One call before the start of FLTs.
    5. One call before the Prelims Exam.

    4. All India Rankings

    All India rankings are here to help you deal with the moments of truths vis-à-vis your preparation level. They give you the necessary nudge to focus back on evaluating the current state of preparation. Your mentor would have a lot more to focus on wrt the rankings you achieve.

    5. Performance-based Aspirant Cohorts on Civilsdaily Habitat

    At Civilsdaily, you would get a community always ready to deal with unexpected roadblocks. We aim to create a like-minded and similarly placed aspirant cohort. For a better discussion of tasks and problem-solving capabilities. So as a member of any Cohort, chat (responsibly) with other learners.

     If you have a question, chances are, you’re not alone. Reach out in the discussion forum to ask for help from other learners taking this program.

    6. CivilsDaily Habitat Sessions – Ask Anything

    Where your queries about courses/syllabus / basic doubts would be addressed to keep you always on the move.

    Throughout this course, you will learn about the techniques of time management, the ability to find a static–dynamic convergence. Also, peace of mind about course completion under the guidance of a mentor. The mentor would also provide a lot of reading material from time to time. But sometimes, you may need to look things up on your own for extra learning. Things change fast in our dynamic socio-political setup, so it is critical to do your own research so you can stay up-to-date on what is new.

    7. Tikdams for mastering the art of intelligent guesstimates

    Tikdam technique is a very important skill which can boost your score by 30+ marks. It will prepare you and enhance your ability to perform under pressure (& lack of information). 

    We not only impart but make you practice these skills in our Test Series. We will provide:

    1) Static and Tikdam Lectures: Lectures on static subjects will *not* focus on explaining you the basics but instead focus on important details/trivia you skip to miss. From a prelims perspective, these details become very important. We are also releasing 30+ Hours of Advanced Video Lectures on Static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economy

    2) Economic Survey and Budget lectures: The importance of Union budget and economic survey can’t be overstated, not only for UPSC prelims but also for Mains and Essay as well, it is a not to be missed section for preparation. Even for UPSC interview candidates, these lecture series are very important.


    3) Static PDF Notes: Civilsdaily has been known for its high-quality content. In this Program, We will be providing Static notes of various Subjects like Economics, Arts and Culture, Environment, Geography, History etc.

    Our Testimonials:

    What is there on Habitat?

    • #DDS sessions – Dedicated sessions every day to resolve doubts in real-time. Never keep a doubt to yourself.
    • An ecosystem for co-learning and active learning.
    • A highly motivated community to bring flexibility and consistency to your preparation.
      Samachar Manthan Civilsdaily IAS Current Affairs UPSCHabitat – Desktop and Mobile view
    click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship
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    Program inclusion:

    • 40 Tests
      • 8 Basic tests
      • 8 Advanced tests
      • 10 Current Affairs
      • 10 Full-Length Tests
      • 4 CSAT tests
    • Civilsdaily’s Monthly Magazine Combo
    • Individual Mentorship
    • Economic Survey & Budget Videos and Notes
    • Advanced Static + Tikdam Videos
    • Admission to the exclusive Civilsdaily Prelims club on Habitat.
    • Monthly Zoom call and Static PDF notes.

    This is what our students have to say about our mock tests..

    Feedback for 2021 Prelims Mocks

    Civilsdaily’s Community: Testimonials

    Two variants of Prelims Ts 2022:

    click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship
    click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 Without Individual Mentorship

  • Recovery takes more than reforms

    The article takes an overview of the impact of the second covid wave and suggests the need for more public spending.

    Impact of reforms in recovery

    • Overlapping State-level lockdowns that started in April have now lasted for almost as long as the nationwide lockdown of 2020, impacting the economy.
    • Output may well have contracted in the beginning of this year.
    • So, though recovery will eventually come, it could be W-shaped rather than V-shaped.
    • It is asserted that the economy will recover due to the reforms planned or already implemented by the government.
    • Since 1991, the term ‘reforms’ has been used to mean both policy changes that remove restrictions on private sector activity in certain areas and those that increase profits in existing lines of production.
    • Recent examples of such reforms include the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan launched in 2020 and the significant lowering of corporate tax in 2019, respectively.
    • However, more reforms may be ineffective in spurring recovery.
    • Presently for the private sector is not undertaking investment given their expectation of the state of the economy in the near future, upon which their revenue will depend.

    Public expenditure

    • In February, believing that the peak of the epidemic had been crossed, the government reverted to fiscal consolidation or the paring down of the fiscal deficit.
    •  Accordingly, it raised its budgeted expenditure by less than 1% in the last Budget.
    • But now, with a possible further contraction of the economy, to continue with the frigid fiscal stance would be disastrous.
    • Data from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy show that unemployment has risen in May, indicating slack demand for output.
    • With this knowledge, the private sector is unlikely to respond with alacrity to liberalising reforms.

    Way forward

    • The objective is to revive the economy, public spending is the instrument and the funding must be found.
    •  It need not involve money creation.
    • India’s public debt is low by comparison with the OECD countries, and debt financing remains an option. 
    • Even if money financing is adopted, it need not cause accelerating inflation.
    • How the expansion is financed is less relevant for inflation at least in the near term. 

    Consider the question “Are the economic reforms enough to ensure the recovery of the economy? Also, examine the importance of public spending for economic recovery.”

    Conclusion

    Reforms albeit important for the economy in long run, may not be much effective in an economy battered by the pandemic. What we need is public spending and welfare measures.

  • [Burning Issue] Central Bureau of Investigation

    Context

    The 1985 batch officer from Maharashtra cadre, and currently posted as director-general of Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), Subodh Kumar Jaiswal has been appointed as the new director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). Congress leader Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury accused the government of adopting a “casual and superficial” approach in selecting the new CBI director and questioned the shortlisting process, saying it is in conflict with the mandate of the selection committee.

    Background

    • The Bureau of Investigation traces its origins to the Special Police Establishment, a Central Government Police force, which was set up in 1941 by the Government of India to investigate bribery and corruption in transactions with the War and Supply Department of India.
    •  It had its headquarters in Lahore. The first legal adviser of the War Department was Rai Sahib Karam Chand Jain.
    • After the end of the war, there was a continued need for a central governmental agency to investigate bribery and corruption by central-government employees.
    • The DSPE acquired its popular current name, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), through a Home Ministry resolution dated 1.4.1963. The founding director of the CBI was D. P. Kohli, who held office from 1 April 1963 to 31 May 1968.
    • The CBI established a reputation as India’s foremost investigative agency with the resources for complicated cases, and it was requested to assist the investigation of crimes such as murder, kidnapping, and terrorism.
    •  In 1987, the CBI was divided into the following divisions: the Anti-Corruption Division, the Special Crimes Division, the Economic Offences Division, the Policy and International Police Cooperation Division, the Administration Division, the Directorate of Prosecution Division, and the Central Forensic Science Laboratory Division.

    Mandate of CBI

    • The CBI is the main investigating agency of the GOI. It is not a statutory body; it derives its powers from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946. 
    • Its important role is to prevent corruption and maintain integrity in administration. It works under the supervision of the CVC (Central Vigilance Commission) in matters pertaining to the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. 
    • Investigate cases connected to infringement of economic and fiscal laws, i.e., breach of laws concerning customs and central excise, export and import control, income tax, foreign exchange regulations, etc. But cases of this nature are taken up by the CBI either at the request of the department concerned or in consultation with the concerned department.
    • Investigate crimes of a serious nature that have national and international ramifications, and committed by professional criminals or organized gangs.
    • To coordinate the activities of the various state police forces and anti-corruption agencies.
    • At the behest of a state govt., the CBI can also take up any case of public importance and investigate it.
    • Maintaining crime statistics and disseminating criminal information.
    • The CBI is India’s representative for correspondence with the INTERPOL. 

    Notable cases cracked by CBI

    • Bhanwri Devi missing case: Jat leader and former Rajasthan minister Mahipal Maderna, Congress MLA Malkhan Singh and Bhanwari’s husband Amarchand were all part of the conspiracy to abduct and eliminate Bhanwari. Bhanwari had threatened to expose Malkhan’s relationship with her at the Bishnoi mahapanchayat.  Maderna, Malkhan, the three kidnappers and Sahiram along with Amarchand were arrested by the CBI.
    • Noida double murder case: In May 2008, the nation was shocked with the sensational double murders in Noida. The victims were Arushi Talwar and Hemraj Banjade. Initially, there was no clarity about the motive or the perpetrator of this ghastly crime. After a lengthy investigation which spanned close to 6 years, the CBI based on circumstantial evidence established that the parents of Aarushi Talwar, Rajesh Talwar and Nupur Talwar were the perpetrators of this crime. 
    • The Satyam Case:  B Ramalinga Raju, the disgraced chairman of Satyam Computers Services Ltd, along with 13 individuals and entities including Chintalapati Srinivasa Raju of iLabs, made Rs 2,000 crore in illegal wealth in the Satyam scam. The CBI constituted a Multi-Disciplinary Investigation Team (MDIT) to investigate the case. The team worked hard, burnt midnight oil and achieved success in a record time of 45 days when it filed its first chargesheet against the accused for offences of criminal conspiracy, cheating, forgery and falsification of accounts.

    Issues with CBI

    • The Supreme Court of India has criticised the CBI by calling it a “caged parrot speaking in its master’s voice”, due to excessive political interference in its functioning.
    • It has often been used by the government of the day to cover up wrongdoing, keep coalition allies in line and political opponents at bay.
    • It has been accused of enormous delays in concluding investigations – For example, the inertia in its probe against the high dignitaries in Jain hawala diaries case [of the 1990s].
    • Loss of Credibility: Improving the image of the agency is one of the biggest challenges till now as the agency has been criticised for its mismanagement of several cases involving prominent politicians and mishandling of several sensitive cases like Bofors scandal; Hawala scandal, Sant Singh Chatwal case, Bhopal gas tragedy, 2008 Noida double murder case(Aarushi Talwar).
    • Lack of Accountability: CBI is exempted from the provisions of the Right to Information Act, thus, lacking public accountability.
    • Acute shortage of personnel: A major cause of the shortfall is the government’s sheer mismanagement of CBI’s workforce, through a system of inefficient, and inexplicably biased, recruitment policies – used to bring in favoured officers, possibly to the detriment of the organisation.
    • Limited Powers: The powers and jurisdiction of members of the CBI for investigation are subject to the consent of the State Govt., thus limiting the extent of investigation by CBI.
    • Restricted Access: Prior approval of Central Government to conduct inquiry or investigation on the employees of the Central Government, of the level of Joint Secretary and above is a big obstacle in combating corruption at higher levels of bureaucracy.

    Why was it called caged carrot by the Supreme Court?

    • Politicisation of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has been a work in progress for years.
    • Corruption and Politically biased: This was highlighted in Supreme Court criticism for being a caged parrot speaking in its master’s voice.
    • CBI has been accused of becoming ‘handmaiden’ to the party in power; as a result high profile cases are not treated seriously.
    • Since CBI is run by central police officials on deputation hence chances of getting influenced by government was visible in the hope of better future postings.

    Way Forward

    • Need for autonomy:   As long as the government of the day has the power to transfer and post officials of its choice in the CBI, the investigating agency will not enjoy autonomy and will be unable to investigate cases freely. A new CBI Act should be promulgated that ensures the autonomy of CBI while at the same time improving the quality of supervision.
    • Selection of director/ Officers: To ensure that the CBI is a robust, independent and credible investigation agency, there is an urgent need to work out a much more transparent mechanism for selection of the Director and induction of officers on deputation.
    • The Lokpal Act already calls for a three-member committee made up of the prime minister, the leader of the opposition and the chief justice of the Supreme Court to select the director. However, not enough has been done to administratively protect CBI from political interference. For this to happen, the new Act must specify criminal culpability for government interference. 
    • CBI should be bifurcated into an Anti-Corruption Body and a National Crime Bureau.
    • A comprehensive new central law should govern the working of the institution. The law should specifically provide for appointment of a special public prosecutor who will have full independence to deal with the politically and nationally sensitive cases and take a stand safeguarding public interest.
    • Develop own cadre: One of the demands that have been before Supreme Court, and in line with international best practices, is for the CBI to develop its own dedicated cadre of officers who are not bothered about deputation and abrupt transfers. The CBI did recruit some officers in the past to its cadre, but that effort has gone nowhere, and all senior posts in the CBI are now held by Indian Police Service (IPS) officers.
    • Annual social audit should be carried out by ten reputed, knowledgeable persons with background of law, justice, public affairs and administration and the audit report should be placed before the parliament.

  • How to master Polity for Prelims in a changed pattern

    Prime Prelims Program starting from 19th June 2021: First Test Polity Basic

    Dear Aspirants,

    In the great Trojan war between ancient Greek and the city of Troy, Achilles fought from the Greek side. He ravaged the areas around Troy and destroyed 12 cities in the first 9 years of war. In the 10th year, he was shot dead by arrows into the heel by the Trojan prince Paris. As the story goes, his mother Thetis dipped Achilles as a child in the waters of the River Styx, by which means he became invulnerable, except for the part of his heel by which she held him—the proverbial “Achilles’ heel.” Polity is becoming  Acheilies heel to aspirants in UPSC prelims in the changed pattern. 

    India polity is a subject, which mostly all of us start preparing very early in our preparation journey towards UPSC. This is also the subject where we spend comparably more time yet commit mistakes. Let’s understand how we can rectify it?

    Number of questions in Polity in recent years are: 

    Till 2017, reading Laxmikant for Polity seemed enough to attempt questions in Prelims. In 2020, out of 15 questions from Polity, there are 6-7 questions that could be directly solved after reading Laxmikant. However, for the rest, a conceptual understanding of Polity fundamentals and Current Affairs is required. 

    Studying the questions from the last 7 years, three distinct patterns emerge. Let’s understand how we can tackle them.

    1. Constitution related: These are static parts of the syllabus and most can be covered after serious readings of standard books like Laxmikant. However, solving questions need a conceptual understanding of parts of the syllabus such as questions on the Right to constitutional remedies or on sessions of parliament (2020). You can find the link to prepare and optimally utilise Laxmikant here. https://www.civilsdaily.com/how-to-prepare-polity-for-prelims/
    2. Polity fundamentals related: As seen from the chart above, each year certain questions try to test aspirants on their most basic understanding of polity. In recent years, There have been 4-5 questions based on polity fundamentals such as Democracy, liberty, equality, constitutionalism, the concept of rights, federalism etc. It required conceptual clarity over most basics such as Democracy vs republic, parliamentary system vs presidential system, Concept of rights etc. 

    Let’s take a few questions from the past to understand this pattern. 

    A constitutional government by definition is a _ _ _ _ .(2020)

    a) government by the legislature

    b) popular government

    c) Multi party government

    d) Limited government

    Even in this question, which is very simple yet requires an understanding of fundamental concepts, Many aspirants marked answers such as (a) a government by the legislature or (b) Popular government confusing constitutionalism with a democratic system. A constitution is a check against absolutism i.e government bound by constitutional limitations and does not have absolute power, hence a constitutional government is by definition limited government (option d). Relying on elimination can be a risky game, which you must not play. 

    Let’s take another question: 

    In the context of polity, which one of the following would you accept as the most appropriate definition of liberty? (2019)

    (a) Protection against the tyranny of political rulers

    (b) Absence of restraint

    (c) Opportunity to do whatever one likes

    (d) Opportunity to develop oneself fully.

    In the above question, some aspirants marked option (b) absence of restraint which in any society can lead to anarchy or option (c) Opportunity to do whatever one likes, which will also lead to chaos. Hence the most appropriate answer is d i.e. Opportunity to develop oneself fully. This is a positive definition of liberty, while applying reasonable restrictions is a negative concept of liberty. The concept of liberty comes from the theory of social contract and 3 natural rights- life, liberty and property with origin in French Revolution in the late 18th century.  

    Even In the 2018 prelims, there was a similar question asking relation between Laws and liberty  and 2017 prelims had questions on concepts of equality and Democracy. Hence to score good marks in polity, it is necessary that we are able to answer these most fundamental questions.
    As far as sources are concerned, NCERT- 9 and 10 books like Democratic politics-1 and Democratic politics-2  along with 11 and 12 Political science books- Political theory-1 and 2 provide good reference. One may also refer to NIOS political science book. So the most important element in our prep is to be  able to link these fundamental concepts with the static syllabus. 

    1. Current Affairs or Dynamic Polity : No of questions directly from current affairs have declined and also the question quality has improved, it is no more merely factual stuff. Any issue needs to be understood holistically to answer.  For ex; questions on Aadhaar Act or Legal services authorities (2020) or questions on Forest related Acts (2019) need to be read in context to answer them in exam.  Merely memorising facts or compilations when the exam is near wouldn’t help. Civilsdaily monthly magazine can be of great help in this in addition to Samachar Manthan. 

    In recent years, questions related to governance are also being asked. Like questions on the role of bureaucracy (2020) etc.  

    In conclusion, Preparation of polity required holistic integration of Static syllabus from standard book, conceptual understanding of Polity fundamentals along with intelligent preparation of current Dynamics. When you read current affairs, you must link it with the fundamental aspects for example; new IT rules related to social media have bearing on liberty, freedom of speech and expression. 

    What CD’ s Prime test series offers?

    Starting from 19th june, 2021 , it consists of 40 Tests (8 Basic, 8 Advanced, 10 Current Affairs, 10 Full Length, 4 CSAT). Polity includes two tests of basic nature along with one advanced test. It covers the polity static syllabus along with Polity fundamentals and current issues holistically. 

    Let’s take a few questions from the upcoming test (Polity-1 scheduled on 19-06-2021 and polity-2 scheduled on 03-07-2021) to illustrate our Evidence based Question making pattern exactly on the lines of UPSC prelims taking changing times and pattern into account. Also keeping in mind the fundamentals for those who are in the starting phase of preparation. 

    Let’s compare: CD test’s  questions Vs UPSC Prelims Questions: 

    # CD’s question-1 :

    Consider the following statements 

    1. The Preamble is a source of power to legislature or a prohibition upon the powers of legislature.

    2. It is non-justiciable, that is, its provisions are not enforceable in courts of law.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    (a)1 only

    (b) 2 only 

    (c ) both 1 and 2

    (d) none of them

    UPSC question (2020)

    The Preamble to the Constitution of India is

    [a) A part of the Constitution but has no legal effect

    [b) Not a part of the Constitution and has no legal effect either

    [c) A part of the Constitution and has the same legal effect as any other part

    [d) A part of the Constitution but has no legal effect independently of other parts

    #CD questions-2

    Consider the following statements

    1. Parliament under Article 368 can amend any part of the Constitution excluding the Fundamental Rights.

    2. The constitution has defined what constitutes the basic structure of the constitution.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1 only 
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. None of them

    UPSC question (2020)

    Consider the following statements:

    1. The Constitution of India defines its ‘basic structure’ in terms of federalism, secularism, fundamental rights and democracy.
    2. The Constitution of India provides for ‘judicial review’ to safeguard the ‘citizens’ liberties and to preserve the ideals on which the constitution is based.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    [a) 1 only

    [b) 2 only

    [c) Both 1 and 2

    [d) Neither 1 nor 2

    #CD question-3

    Consider the following statements

    1. A minister cannot participate in the proceedings of a House, of which he is not a member.

    2. A minister, who is not a member of either House, can participate in the proceedings of both the Houses.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    (a) 1 only

    (b) 2 only

    (c) Both 1 and 2

    (d) Neither 1 nor 2

    UPSC question (2018)

    Consider the following statements:

    1. The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly Shall vacate his/her office if he/she ceases to be a member of the Assembly.
    2. Whenever the Legislative Assembly is dissolved, the Speaker shall vacate his/her immediately.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    (a) 1 only

    (b) 2 only

    (c) Both 1 and 2

    (d) Neither 1 nor 2

    CD question -4

    Which of the statements given below about the Fundamental Rights is/are correct?

    1. They are meant for promoting the ideal of political democracy.

    2. They protect the liberties and freedoms of the people against the invasion by the State.

    3. They aim at establishing a government of men and not of laws.

    a)1 and 2 only

    b) 1 and 3 only

    c)2 and 3 only

    d) 1, 2 and 3

    #UPSC question (2018)

    Which of the following are regarded as the main features of the “Rule of Law”?

    1. Limitation of powers
    2. Equality before law
    3. People’s responsibility to the Government
    4. Liberty and civil rights

    Select the correct answer using the code given below:

    (a) 1 and 3 only

    (b) 2 and 4 only

    (c) 1, 2 and 4 only

    (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

    #CD question -5

    Consider the following statements

    1. Under Article 32 Supreme Court can issue writs for enforcement of both the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Constitution and any other right

    2. Under Article 226 High courts can issue writs only for Fundamental rights
    3.Parliament can empower any other court to issue directions, orders and writs of all kinds.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    a)1 &2only

    b)2 &3 only

    c)1, 2& 3

    d)only 3

    #UPSC question (2014)

    The power of the Supreme Court of India to decide disputes between the Centre and the States falls under its

    (a) advisory jurisdiction

    (b) appellate jurisdiction.

    (c) original jurisdiction

    (d) writ jurisdiction

    As you can see, our aim here is to make you ready for the great prelims Day exam by putting you in the similar paper in every test. Let the Polity with you.

    Looking forward to listening to you after you attempt the first test. You can find the detailed schedule here of tests: 

    Prime Prelims Ts 2022 launched | Program starting from 19th June 2021 | Enrollment open
    By

    Santosh Gupta

    Prelims Coordinator

    Civilsdaily

    click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 With Individual Mentorship
    click here to enroll in Prime Prelims Ts 2022 Without Individual Mentorship

  • A place for disruptive technology in India’s health sector

    The adoption of technologies such as AI and blockchain has the potential to transform the medical sector. 

    How new technologies can play important role in medical sector

    1) Blockchain technology

    • Blockchain technology can help in addressing the interoperability challenges that health information and technology systems face.
    • The health blockchain would contain a complete indexed history of all medical data, including formal medical records and health data from mobile applications and wearable sensors.
    • This can also be stored in a secure network and authenticated, besides helping in seamless medical attention.

    2) Big data analytics

    • Big data analytics can help improve patient-based services tremendously such as early disease detection.
    • AI and the Internet of Medical Things, or IoMT are shaping healthcare applications.
    • IoMT is defined as a connected infrastructure of medical devices, software applications, and health systems and services.

    3) Medical autonomous system

    • Medical autonomous systems can also improve health delivery to a great extent and their applications are focused on supporting medical care delivery in dispersed and complex environments with the help of futuristic technologies.
    • This system may also include autonomous critical care system, autonomous intubation, autonomous cricothyrotomy and other autonomous interventional procedures.

    4) Cloud computing

    • Cloud computing is another application facilitating collaboration and data exchanges between doctors, departments, and even institutions and medical providers to enable best treatment.

    Challenges

    • The possible constraints in this effort are standardisation of health data, organisational silos, data security and data privacy, and also high investments.

    Using technology for Universal Health Coverage

    • According to the World Health Organization, Universal health coverage (UHC) is a powerful social equalizer and the ultimate expression of fairness.
    • Studies by WHO show that weakly coordinated steps may lead to stand-alone information and communication technology solutions.
    • India needs to own its digital health strategy that works and leads towards universal health coverage and person-centred care.
    • Such a strategy should emphasise the ethical appropriateness of digital technologies, cross the digital divide, and ensure inclusion across the economy.
    • ‘Ayushman Bharat’ and tools such as Information and Communication Technology could be be fine-tuned with this strategy to promote ways to protect populations.
    • Online consultation should be a key part of such a strategy.

    Using local knowledge

    • In addition to effective national policies and robust health systems, an effective national response must also draw upon local knowledge.
    • Primary health centres in India could examine local/traditional knowledge and experience and then use it along with modern technology.

    Way forward

    • Initial efforts in this direction should involve synchronisation and integration, developing a template for sharing data, and reengineering many of the institutional and structural arrangements in the medical sector.
    • Big data applications in the health sector should help hospitals provide the best facilities and at less cost, provide a level playing field for all sectors, and foster competition.

    Consider the question “Examine the role technologies such as AI and data analytics could play in the medical sector. What are the challenges in the adoption of such technologies?”

    Conclusion

    The above-discussed aspects highlight the potential benefits of the adoption of disruptive technologies in the healthcare system. India should embrace it while addressing the concerns with such technologies.

  • 18th June 2021 | Prelims Daily with Previous Year Questions

    [WpProQuiz 680]

    [WpProQuiz_toplist 680]

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