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Kashmir Merino: India’s First Gene-Edited Sheep

Why in the News? Researchers at Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST) have successfully created India’s first gene-edited sheep—a Kashmir Merino breed. About Kashmir Merino Sheep: Overview: Kashmir Merino is a high-quality domestic sheep breed known for its fine wool and ability to thrive in cold climates. Genetics: It was developed by crossbreeding… Continue reading

NASA captures image of Mars’ Arsia Mons Volcano

Why in the News? NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter has captured a spectacular image of Arsia Mons, one of Mars’ largest volcanoes. About Arsia Mons Volcano: Location: Arsia Mons is a massive shield volcano on Mars, located in the Tharsis region near the planet’s equator. Volcanic Chain: It is part of the Tharsis Montes trio, which… Continue reading

[9th June 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: New study makes controversial weather-tweaking idea more realistic

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2022] Discuss global warming and mention its effects on the global climate. Explain the control measures to bring down the level of greenhouse gases which cause global warming, in the light of the Kyoto Protocol, 1997. Linkage: The article highlight that the world needs to “lower its dependence on fossil fuels” because… Continue reading

BIMSTEC at a Crossroads: Can India Drive the Change ?

N4S: UPSC has asked questions from themes like BIMSTEC by linking old groupings like SAARC with emerging ones like BIMSTEC. The 2022 question on BIMSTEC vs SAARC is a perfect example. The challenge for aspirants is not the lack of facts—it’s the struggle to connect headlines with deeper foreign policy themes. They remember the Bangkok… Continue reading

Consultative regulation-making that should go further

Why in the News? India’s main financial regulators — the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) — have, for the first time, created clear step-by-step procedures for how they will create and update their rules. What procedural reforms have the RBI and SEBI recently introduced in regulation-making?… Continue reading

Defence production in India receives a fillip

Why in the News? After Operation Sindoor, India’s military strike against Pakistan in May, there has been a lot of talk about strategy — but it has also given a strong boost to India’s defence sector, especially to private companies and small businesses (MSMEs) involved in defence manufacturing. What impact did Operation Sindoor have on… Continue reading

In news: President’s Rule

Why in the News? Despite the imposition of President’s Rule in Manipur, the situation on the ground remains volatile, with fresh instances of violence being reported. What is President’s Rule? About: It is the situation where the central government takes over a state’s administration due to the failure of constitutional machinery, as per Article 356… Continue reading

Mizoram and Goa declared Fully Literate under ULLAS Scheme

Why in the News? In a major achievement for adult education in India, Mizoram and Goa have declared themselves “fully literate” under the ULLAS Scheme (Understanding Lifelong Learning for All in Society). What does “Fully Literate” mean under ULLAS? As per the Ministry of Education (August 2024): A person is literate if they can read,… Continue reading

Evidence of Pre-Harappan Human Presence discovered in Rann of Kutch

Why in the News? IIT Gandhinagar researchers have found evidence that humans lived in the Great Rann of Kutch 5,000 years before the Harappans, likely as coastal hunter-gatherers. About the Khadir Island Sites: Location: Khadir Island (Khadir Beyt) is in the Great Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, near the well-known Harappan site of Dholavira. Geographic Context:… Continue reading

Extreme Poverty in India down to 5.3% in 2022-23: World Bank

Why in the News? According to a new World Bank report, extreme poverty in India has fallen from 27.1% in 2011–12 to just 5.3% in 2022–23, based on a revised international poverty line. Understanding World Bank’s Poverty Lines: The World Bank defines extreme poverty as living on less than a fixed amount per person per… Continue reading

Dynamic Route Planning for Urban Green Mobility (DRUM)

Why in the News? IIT Kharagpur has made a web app called Dynamic Route Planning for Urban Green Mobility (DRUM) to help people choose travel routes that are not just fast but also have cleaner air and better energy use. About DRUM: Purpose: It is a navigation tool that prioritises air quality and energy efficiency,… Continue reading

Rare Proton Emission in Astatine Isotope

Why in the News? In a groundbreaking discovery, an international team of nuclear physicists from Finland has measured the proton emission and half-life of 188Astatine (188At)—the heaviest proton-emitting isotope ever observed. What is Proton Emission? Atomic Structure: Atoms are made up of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. Radioactive Decay: When atoms… Continue reading

Digital Postal Index Number (DIGIPIN)

Why in the News? The Centre has launched DIGIPIN, a geo-coded digital address system that aims to bring precision and efficiency to address identification across the country. Tap to read more about PIN Codes in India. What is DIGIPIN? About: DIGIPIN is a digital address system introduced by the Government of India to improve location… Continue reading

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[7th June 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Water management in India needs a new course

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2013] Constitutional mechanisms to resolve the inter-state water disputes have failed to address and solve the problems. Is the failure due to structural or process inadequacy or both? Discuss. Linkage: India’s water management problems are explicitly stated to be a result of a “fragmented and sectoral approach”. This contrasts sharply with the… Continue reading

Maintaining India’s progress in food safety standards

Why in the News? World Food Safety Day 2025 is observed with the theme “Food Safety: Science in Action.” It highlights India’s progress in food safety, though there are still some gaps to address. What is the theme of World Food Safety Day 2025? Theme: “Food Safety: Science in Action”. It emphasizes the importance of… Continue reading

Assam CM on Pakistan ‘scare narrative’: Could Chinese dams affect Brahmaputra flow in India?

Why in the News? India has rejected the “scare stories” spread by Pakistan and others about China building dams upstream on the Brahmaputra River, especially the big 60,000 MW Medog Hydropower Project in Tibet. What is the significance of the Brahmaputra’s flow originating mostly in India? Major Contribution to River Flow: Although India has only… Continue reading

PM inaugurates Chenab Railway Bridge

Why in the News? Prime Minister inaugurated the world’s highest railway bridge over the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir. About the Chenab Rail Bridge: Location: The Chenab Rail Bridge is the world’s highest railway bridge, situated over the Chenab River in Reasi district, Jammu and Kashmir. It is part of the Udhampur–Srinagar–Baramulla Rail Link… Continue reading

RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) Decisions

Why in the News? The RBI, in its Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting, cut the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) by 1% to release ₹2.5 lakh crore into the banking system by November 2025. Key Changes Announced: Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) reduced by 1% in four tranches, bringing it down to 3% by November 29, 2025.… Continue reading

India elected to UN’s Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

Why in the News? India has been elected to the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) for the term 2026–2028. About the UN’s Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): Establishment: It is one of the 6 principal UN organs, created in 1945 under the UN Charter. Mandate: It coordinates the UN’s economic, social, humanitarian, and… Continue reading

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