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Rupee breaches 90-mark: What’s driving the slide

INTRODUCTION The rupee slipping below ₹90-per-dollar has raised fresh concerns about the economy. What makes it notable is that this fall comes despite stable domestic indicators like easing inflation and steady growth. The pressure is largely external, persistent dollar outflows, a widening trade deficit, slowing exports, and delays in the Indo-US trade deal. In response,… Continue reading

Putin’s visit: The long arc of India’s ties with Russia, the road ahead

Introduction India-Russia relations have historically been marked by defence cooperation, political trust, and strategic convergence. However, the global context surrounding President Putin’s December 2024 visit, his first after the Ukraine conflict, has introduced new complexities. India now navigates sanctions pressure, energy dependencies, defence shortfalls, and the need to sustain balanced relations with both the West… Continue reading

Bitra Island

Why in the News? The Chief of Staff, Southern Naval Command, announced that the Indian Navy is setting up a detachment on Bitra Island, and the facility is almost completed. This will make Bitra the third island in Lakshadweep to host a defence establishment. About Bitra Island Location: Northern Lakshadweep, Arabian Sea Smallest inhabited island… Continue reading

WHO Issues Global Guidelines on GLP-1 Drugs for Obesity

Why in the News? The World Health Organization (WHO) has released its first global guidelines (Dec 1, 2025) supporting the use of GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) drugs as long-term treatment for obesity in adults, alongside diet and exercise. These guidelines emphasise equitable access, affordability, and caution about long-term safety. What are GLP-1 Drugs? GLP-1 = Glucagon-Like… Continue reading

Saving Rock Eagle Owl Eggs at a Telangana Quarry

Why in the News? A rare conservation incident unfolded at Yenakathala village, Vikarabad district (Telangana) where operations in a stone quarry were halted for 30+ days to protect five eggs of the endangered Rock Eagle Owl found in a rock crevice. The quarry is incurring ₹1.2 lakh loss per day (₹35 lakh total) to ensure… Continue reading

Tamil Nadu Adds Five New GI-Tagged Products

Why in the News? Five traditional products from Tamil Nadu have received the Geographical Indications (GI) tag, highlighting the State’s rich textile, agricultural, and handicraft heritage. With these additions, Tamil Nadu now has 74 GI-tagged products, one of the highest in India. Applications were filed by IPR attorney P. Sanjai Gandhi on behalf of the… Continue reading

Assam Day & Chaolung Sukapha

Why in the News? Assam Day was celebrated in New Delhi on 2 December 2025, led by Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal, paying tribute to Chaolung Sukapha, founder of the Ahom Kingdom and architect of “Greater Assam.” About Chaolung Sukapha Founder of the Ahom Kingdom (established c. 1228 CE). Migrated from present-day Yunnan region (original Tai-Ahom… Continue reading

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[3rd December 2025] The Hindu OpED: A template for security cooperation in the Indian Ocean

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2024] Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of Maldives for India with a focus on global trade and energy flows. Further also discuss how this relationship affects India’s maritime security and regional stability amidst international competition? Linkage: This PYQ is directly linked to India’s strategic engagement with the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC),… Continue reading

Why is there no peace in Ukraine

Introduction Since Russia’s full-scale invasion in February 2022, several attempts at negotiations, from Belarus to Turkey, have collapsed. With Russia consolidating control over Ukrainian territories and Ukraine facing military constraints, the conflict shows signs of becoming a prolonged war. The Trump plan, recent Russian advances, and fatigue in Western capitals have complicated the strategic landscape,… Continue reading

Understanding concerns around Sanchar Saathi

Introduction The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has instructed smartphone manufacturers and importers to pre-install the Sanchar Saathi application on all new mobile devices. The app is designed to combat digital fraud, trace stolen devices, and prevent misuse of SIMs. But its mandatory installation has raised widespread concerns about privacy, surveillance, user consent, and constitutional rights.… Continue reading

Hornbill Festival 2025

Why in the news? The 26th edition of Nagaland’s iconic Hornbill Festival has begun with great enthusiasm, reaffirming its status as one of India’s most vibrant cultural events. The festival has grown into a major platform for showcasing the cultural diversity of Nagaland’s tribes and promoting tourism in the Northeast. What is the Hornbill Festival? … Continue reading

ED Notice to Kerala CM: KIIFB Masala Bonds Case

Why in the news? The Enforcement Directorate’s (ED) notice to Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan and senior officials in the KIIFB masala bond case has revived debates on FEMA compliance, off-budget borrowings, and Centre–State fiscal relations. As local body polls approach, the issue has also acquired political significance. What is KIIFB? Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund… Continue reading

India calls for Stronger Global Biosecurity at 50 Years of the BWC

Why in the news? At the Conference on 50 Years of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) held in New Delhi, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar warned that global biological threats—natural, accidental, or deliberate are growing due to rapid scientific advances. He emphasised the rising risks of bioterrorism and highlighted structural weaknesses in the BWC. About… Continue reading

India Expands Heron Mk II UAV Fleet

Why in the news? In the aftermath of Operation Sindoor, the Indian Army, Air Force, and Navy have initiated emergency procurement of satellite-linked Heron Mk II Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) from Israel. This marks the first induction of Heron Mk II by the Indian Navy. What is Emergency Procurement? Covered under Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP).… Continue reading

Coup in Guinea-Bissau (2025)

Why in the news? Guinea-Bissau, one of the world’s most coup-prone nations, witnessed yet another military takeover on 26 November 2025, overthrowing President Umaro Sissoco Embaló. The coup was led by members of the Presidential Guard, marking the latest in a long line of disruptions to democratic governance in West Africa. Geography & Country Profile… Continue reading

[2nd December 2025] The Hindu OpED: The new action plan on AMR needs a shot in the arm

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2014] Can overuse and free availability of antibiotics without Doctor’s prescription, be contributors to the emergence of drug-resistant diseases in India? What are the available mechanisms for monitoring and control? Critically discuss the various issues involved. Linkage: This PYQ directly mirrors the article’s focus on antibiotic misuse, OTC access, and weak regulatory… Continue reading

Why pollution affects north Indian cities more than south and west

Introduction Over 2015-2025, no northern Indian city recorded “safe” air quality even once, with Delhi emerging as the most polluted city. In contrast, cities in the south and west maintained comparatively better AQI levels. This consistent divergence reflects entrenched geographical, meteorological, and structural constraints that trap pollutants in the Indo-Gangetic Plain while aiding dispersion along… Continue reading

Why does India need bioremidiation

Introduction Bioremediation uses microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants to break down toxic pollutants like pesticides, plastics, heavy metals, and industrial chemicals into harmless by-products. With India experiencing severe air, water, and soil contamination, bioremediation provides a scalable and sustainable pathway to clean ecosystems. At the same time it will generate opportunities in… Continue reading

Svalbard

Why in the News? Scientists recently observed an unexpected large gathering of walruses on the remote shores of Svalbard, indicating shifting wildlife behaviour in the Arctic due to changing climatic conditions. About Svalbard Location A Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Lies between mainland Norway and the North Pole (about halfway). Northernmost permanent human settlement… Continue reading

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