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Scarborough Shoal in South China Sea

Why in the News? China’s State Council has approved the creation of a national nature reserve at Scarborough Shoal (Huangyan Dao in Chinese, Bajo de Masinloc/Panatag Shoal in the Philippines). About Scarborough Shoal: Geography: A triangle-shaped chain of reefs and rocks in the South China Sea, about 200 km from Luzon (Philippines) and 800+ km… Continue reading Scarborough Shoal in South China Sea

PM inaugurated India’s first Bamboo-based Ethanol Plant

Why in the News? PM has inaugurated the world’s first bamboo-based ethanol plant in Golaghat district, Assam, marking a significant step in India’s green energy journey. Note: Ethanol is prepared from bamboo using a multi-step biochemical conversion process that transforms its rich cellulose content into fermentable sugars, which are then fermented and distilled into ethanol.… Continue reading PM inaugurated India’s first Bamboo-based Ethanol Plant

Ho Tribes’ Manki-Munda System

Why in the News? Members of the Ho tribe in Jharkhand’s West Singhbhum district staged a protest for alleged interference in their traditional Manki-Munda governance system by removing village heads (Mundas). About Ho Tribes: Location: Major community of Jharkhand (Kolhan, West Singhbhum), with presence in Odisha and Chhattisgarh. Language: Speak Ho language (Munda branch, Austroasiatic… Continue reading Ho Tribes’ Manki-Munda System

[2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q5. Trace India’s consolidation process during the early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations.

Smash 2025 Adv test 10Q14. Elaborate on the dual contribution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in integrating princely states and laying the foundation of a strong administrative framework. PYQ. Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States. (2021) “A nation is not made overnight but is built brick… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q5. Trace India’s consolidation process during the early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations.

[13th September 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: RTI’s shift to a ‘right to deny information’

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2020] Recent amendments to the Right to Information Act will have profound impact on the autonomy and independence of the Information Commission. Discuss. Linkage: The RTI’s strength lay in ensuring both citizens’ access to information and the independence of Information Commissions as watchdogs of transparency. Amendments such as those under the Digital… Continue reading [13th September 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: RTI’s shift to a ‘right to deny information’

Property rights, tribals, and the gender parity gap

Introduction Property ownership is not merely an economic question; it is fundamentally about power, dignity, and equality. For tribal women in India, exclusion from statutory inheritance rights has been one of the deepest forms of gender injustice. The Supreme Court’s July 2025 judgment striking down customary exclusions in tribal property rights represents both a historic… Continue reading Property rights, tribals, and the gender parity gap

Trumps’ crackdown on science gives India a great opportunity

Introduction Critical technologies are emerging as the new currency of global power. Yet India, despite ranking among the top five in 29 such domains, contributes only 2.5% of the world’s most highly cited papers and has just 2% of scientists in the global top 2% (Stanford–Elsevier). Meanwhile, China dominates 37 of 44 critical technologies (ASPI).… Continue reading Trumps’ crackdown on science gives India a great opportunity

National Lok Adalat  

Why in the News? On September 13, a countrywide National Lok Adalat was held with a special focus on clearing pending traffic e-challans for minor offences. What is National Lok Adalat? Overview: Lok Adalats held 4 times a year, on a single day, across all courts from the Supreme Court to Taluk Courts. Scope: Settles… Continue reading National Lok Adalat  

In news: Sahyadri Tiger Reserve

Why in the News? The Union Environment Ministry has approved the capture and translocation of eight tigers from Tadoba-Andhari and Pench reserves to the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve (STR) in western Maharashtra. About Sahyadri Tiger Reserve (STR): Overview: Situated in the Sahyadri Range, Western Ghats (Maharashtra), spanning districts of Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur, Ratnagiri. Status: Declared Tiger… Continue reading In news: Sahyadri Tiger Reserve

What is Decentralised Finance (DeFi)?

Why in the News? Decentralised Finance (DeFi) is rapidly expanding as a global financial innovation, enabling direct peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries such as banks. What is DeFi? It is a financial system that runs on blockchains like Ethereum. It allows people to send, borrow, lend, invest, and trade money directly without banks. All transactions happen… Continue reading What is Decentralised Finance (DeFi)?

[2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q4. Mahatma Joti Rao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss.

Based on SAMACHAR MANTHAN:Article name: Who was Mahatma Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890)?Source: April 12, 2025Details: – 199th birth anniversary celebrations were marked by PM’s tweet.  – ‘Phule’ movie with leading starcasts portrayed caste discrimination, which promoted divisions and sparked debate in Maharashtra. Submit your answers, and we will have them evaluated for you! Mahatma Jotirao Phule (1827–1890), a… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q4. Mahatma Joti Rao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss.

[12th September 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Relief for Refugees (Foreign (Exemption) Order, 2025)

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2022] India is an age-old friend of Sri Lanka. Discuss India’s role in the recent crisis in Sri Lanka in the light of the preceding statement. Linkage: The issue of Sri Lankan Tamil refugees directly ties to India’s longstanding friendship with Sri Lanka. While India has consistently extended humanitarian aid during Sri… Continue reading [12th September 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Relief for Refugees (Foreign (Exemption) Order, 2025)

A Sense of Drift: Democracy at the Crossroads: Youth, Corruption and the New Global Malaise

Introduction Democracy, once celebrated as the ultimate safeguard of freedom and governance, is witnessing profound crises across continents. Nepal’s weak institutions, France’s protest-prone presidentialism, and America’s violent polarisation reveal that democratic malaise is not confined to one geography. The recurring theme is stark: young people feel robbed of their future. Why is democracy back in… Continue reading A Sense of Drift: Democracy at the Crossroads: Youth, Corruption and the New Global Malaise

BS-VII Emission Norms

Why in the News? To align India’s automobile sector with global standards, the government is planning to introduce BS VII emission norms by 2026-27. About BS7 Norms: Overview: India’s equivalent of Euro 7 emission standards, aimed at reducing vehicular pollution and aligning with global benchmarks. Coverage: Applies uniformly to cars, vans, buses, trucks, petrol, diesel,… Continue reading BS-VII Emission Norms

Researchers develop Red Ivy Plant-Based Wound-Healing Pad

Why in the News? Researchers at JNTBGRI has developed a multifunctional wound-healing pad using nanomaterials, inspired by the red ivy plant (Strobilanthes alternata), traditionally used in folk medicine. About the Red Ivy Plant: Overview: Strobilanthes alternata, locally called murikooti pacha, belonging to the Acanthaceae family. Habitat: Found abundantly in tropical regions, including India. Traditional Use:… Continue reading Researchers develop Red Ivy Plant-Based Wound-Healing Pad

Expedition ‘Samudra Pradakshina’

Why in the News? Defence Minister flagged off Samudra Pradakshina, the world’s first tri-service all-women circumnavigation sailing mission, from the Gateway of India, Mumbai. About Expedition ‘Samudra Pradakshina’: Overview: First-ever all-women tri-service circumnavigation sailing expedition in the world. Crew: Ten women officers from the Army, Navy, and Air Force, led by Lt. Col. Anuja Varudkar.… Continue reading Expedition ‘Samudra Pradakshina’

Vultures and Pandemic Prevention

Why in the News? Vultures, vital for carcass disposal and disease control, are key to pandemic preparedness. About Vulture Species in India: Overview: Vultures are among 22 global species of large scavenger birds, found mostly in tropics and subtropics. Ecological Role: Serve as nature’s garbage collectors, preventing disease spread and maintaining balance in ecosystems. Indian… Continue reading Vultures and Pandemic Prevention

In news: Pugad Island

Why in the News? The Philippine island of Pugad in Manila Bay is facing an existential threat as rising sea levels and rapid land subsidence combine to submerge homes and livelihoods. About Pugad Island: Overview: Small 7-hectare island in Manila Bay, situated at the mouth of the Angat–Pampanga River Delta, under Hagonoy municipality, Bulacan province,… Continue reading In news: Pugad Island

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