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Breaking the Chain : How India Can Cut Its Import Reliance on Rare Earths ?

N4S:  Rare earths and critical minerals are crucial for India’s clean energy, defence, and economic future.  UPSC often frames broad questions – like on energy security or sustainable development and asks aspirants to link them with India’s raw material needs, as seen in the 2013 PYQ on atomic energy. But many stop at listing reserves… Continue reading Breaking the Chain : How India Can Cut Its Import Reliance on Rare Earths ?

GST Council approves two-rate tax slab effective September 22

Why in the News? In its 56th meeting, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council approved a two-rate structure with special category rates, effective 22 September 2025. What is GST? Overview: A comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based indirect tax on goods and services. Launch: Introduced 1 July 2017 via 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016. Objective: “One Nation,… Continue reading GST Council approves two-rate tax slab effective September 22

[pib] Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS)

Why in the News? The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) recently organized a national workshop on the e-SAKSHI web portal and mobile app for the Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS). About MPLADS: Overview: A Central Sector Scheme, launched in 1993, to empower MPs to recommend developmental works in their constituencies,… Continue reading [pib] Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS)

[pib] Coconut Development Board (CDB)

Why in the News? The World Coconut Day (2nd September) was recently celebrated by the Coconut Development Board (CDB). About Coconut Development Board (CDB): Establishment: Created on 12 January 1981; statutory body under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. Headquarters & Offices: HQ at Kochi, Kerala; regional offices in Bengaluru, Chennai, Guwahati, and Patna.… Continue reading [pib] Coconut Development Board (CDB)

Foreigners Tribunal (FT) can issue Arrest Warrants

Why in the News? The Union Home Ministry empowered Foreigners Tribunals (FTs), especially in Assam, to detain suspected illegal immigrants in designated camps, a power earlier exercised only through executive orders. About Foreigners Tribunal (FT): Nature: Quasi-judicial bodies constituted under the Foreigners (Tribunal) Order, 1964, framed under the Foreigners Act, 1946. Purpose: Decide whether a… Continue reading Foreigners Tribunal (FT) can issue Arrest Warrants

[3rd September 2025] India needs more women judges in the Supreme Court

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2021] Disucss the desirability of greater representation to women in higher judiciary to ensure equity and inclusiveness. Linkage: The acute gender imbalance in the Supreme Court, with only 11 women judges since 1950, directly reflects the inequity in higher judiciary appointments. Greater representation of women is not only about fairness but also… Continue reading [3rd September 2025] India needs more women judges in the Supreme Court

Poverty Line Revision: Impact on Perception and Policy Targeting in India

N4S India’s poverty story is no longer about how little people earn but about how we measure, interpret, and respond to deprivation.  UPSC often asks sharp, layered questions on poverty-how it’s measured and how well welfare schemes work. The 2015 question on urban vs. rural poverty indicators is a case in point, demanding both data… Continue reading Poverty Line Revision: Impact on Perception and Policy Targeting in India

Decoding the SC order on regulatory assets

Introduction India’s electricity sector faces a chronic mismatch between the cost of supply and the revenue collected, leaving distribution companies (DISCOMs) financially stressed. To bridge this gap, regulatory assets, unrecovered costs deferred for future recovery, have become common. The Supreme Court has now ordered DISCOMs and regulators to clear these within strict timelines and capped… Continue reading Decoding the SC order on regulatory assets

Unmistakable shift (India signalled a change in foreign policy stance at SCO Summit)

Introduction India’s foreign policy has historically oscillated between balancing great power politics and safeguarding its strategic autonomy. The 2025 SCO Summit in China witnessed a landmark moment: Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s first bilateral engagement with Chinese President Xi Jinping since the 2020 military standoff. The visit not only revived dormant dialogues but also underscored India’s… Continue reading Unmistakable shift (India signalled a change in foreign policy stance at SCO Summit)

[pib] PRATUSH Mission

Why in the News? Raman Research Institute (RRI) has devised the Probing ReionizATion of the Universe using Signal from Hydrogen (PRATUSH) Telescope to study the “Cosmic Dawn” by detecting radio signals from neutral hydrogen gas. About the PRATUSH Mission: Developer: Designed by the Raman Research Institute (RRI), Bengaluru, an autonomous institute under the Department of… Continue reading [pib] PRATUSH Mission

Vikram 32-Bit Processor

Why in the News? Union Minister for Electronics & IT has presented PM with a memento containing the first ‘Made in India’ Vikram 32-bit Launch Vehicle Grade Processor (VIKRAM3201). About Vikram 32-bit Processor (VIKRAM3201): Overview: India’s first fully indigenous 32-bit space-grade microprocessor, developed by VSSC–ISRO with Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL), Chandigarh. Lineage: Successor of 16-bit VIKRAM1601… Continue reading Vikram 32-Bit Processor

Recusal of Judges

Why in the News? A Madhya Pradesh High Court judge has recused himself from hearing a petition in an alleged illegal mining case, saying that a MLA had “attempted to call him” to have a discussion regarding the matter. About Recusal: Overview: Recusal is the act of a judge or official abstaining from a case… Continue reading Recusal of Judges

In news: Sudan’s Darfur Region

Why in the News? A landslide in Sudan’s western Darfur region reportedly wiped out a village, killing an estimated 1,000 people. About Darfur Region: Location & Size: Western Sudan; borders Chad, Libya, CAR; spans about 493,000 sq. km (nearly France-sized). Geography: Predominantly arid/semi-arid; desert north, fertile south. Highly vulnerable to drought, desertification, and climate change.… Continue reading In news: Sudan’s Darfur Region

[2nd September 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The rise and risks of health insurance in India

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2023] Examine the pattern and trend of public expenditure on social services in the post-reforms period in India. To what extent this has been in consonance with achieving the objective of inclusive growth? Linkage: The expansion of Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) and State Health Insurance Programmes (SHIPs) shows rising public… Continue reading [2nd September 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The rise and risks of health insurance in India

Geography uncover why some rivers stay single while others split

Introduction For decades, scientists wondered why some rivers flow as single channels while others split into braided systems. Researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), after studying 84 rivers over 36 years using satellite data, have uncovered the mechanism. Their findings resolve a geomorphological puzzle and offer fresh insights for managing rivers amid… Continue reading Geography uncover why some rivers stay single while others split

Noise pollution is rising but policy is falling silent

Introduction Noise pollution in India has emerged as a silent but significant public health crisis. With urban decibel levels routinely breaching permissible limits near schools, hospitals, and residential zones, the constitutional promise of dignity and peace is being eroded. Despite a robust legal framework in place since 2000, fragmented enforcement, civic fatigue, and policy inertia… Continue reading Noise pollution is rising but policy is falling silent

NASA-ESA Solar Orbiter Mission

Why in the News? The NASA-ESA Solar Orbiter Mission has recently traced the origin of Solar Energetic Electrons (SEE), advancing knowledge of solar activity and space weather. About NASA–ESA Solar Orbiter Mission: Launch & Cost: Launched in Feb 2020 on an Atlas V from Cape Canaveral; joint ESA–NASA mission worth $1.5 billion. Duration: Primary mission… Continue reading NASA-ESA Solar Orbiter Mission

Dongar Cultivation of Odisha

Why in the News? The Dongar cultivation, a hill-slope mixed cropping system of the Kondh tribals in Odisha’s Rayagada is now under decline due to eucalyptus monoculture. What is Dongar Cultivation? Overview: A traditional shifting/mixed cropping system practised on hill slopes (uplands) by the Kondh tribal community in Odisha. Crops grown: Millets (finger millet, foxtail… Continue reading Dongar Cultivation of Odisha

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