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Author: CD Staff

[2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Trace India’s consolidation process during the early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations. (15 Marks)

Smash 2025 Adv Test 10 Q14. Elaborate on the dual contribution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in integrating princely states and laying the foundation of a strong administrative framework. PYQ Q. Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States. (2021) “A nation is not made overnight but is… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Trace India’s consolidation process during the early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations. (15 Marks)

[2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] How are climate change and sea level rise affecting the very existence of many island nations? Discuss with examples. (10 Marks)

Smash 2025 FLT 09 Q7. Discuss the geological processes involved in the formation of different types of islands. How does global warming threaten the islands across the world? PYQ. Explain the formation of thousands of islands in Indonesian and Philippines archipelagos. (2014) Samachar Manthan: Article name: United Nations World Water Development Report, 2025Source: Samachar Manthan March… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] How are climate change and sea level rise affecting the very existence of many island nations? Discuss with examples. (10 Marks)

[2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q6. The French Revolution has enduring relevance to the contemporary world. Explain. (10 Marks)

Smash 2025 Adv Test 10Q.8 Analyse the role of Enlightenment ideas in shaping the course of the French and American Revolutions. PYQQ. Explain how the foundations of the modern world were laid by the American and French revolution. (2019) The French Revolution of 1789 was a turning point in world history. What began as a… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q6. The French Revolution has enduring relevance to the contemporary world. Explain. (10 Marks)

[2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q5. Trace India’s consolidation process during the early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations.

Smash 2025 Adv test 10Q14. Elaborate on the dual contribution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in integrating princely states and laying the foundation of a strong administrative framework. PYQ. Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States. (2021) “A nation is not made overnight but is built brick… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q5. Trace India’s consolidation process during the early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations.

[2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q4. Mahatma Joti Rao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss.

Based on SAMACHAR MANTHAN:Article name: Who was Mahatma Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890)?Source: April 12, 2025Details: – 199th birth anniversary celebrations were marked by PM’s tweet.  – ‘Phule’ movie with leading starcasts portrayed caste discrimination, which promoted divisions and sparked debate in Maharashtra. Submit your answers, and we will have them evaluated for you! Mahatma Jotirao Phule (1827–1890), a… Continue reading [2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Q4. Mahatma Joti Rao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss.

[UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Arts and Culture: ‘The sculptors filled the Chandella artform with resilient vigor and breadth of life.’ Elucidate.

Chandella rulers (9th–13th century CE) of Bundelkhand, with Khajuraho as their capital, created a “world in stone” through sculptures marked by energy, realism, and beauty. Resilient vigor and breadth of life in the Chandella artform Chandella artists created a universe in stone, best described by Banabhatta’s phrase “Darsit Visvarupa” – the vision of the cosmic… Continue reading [UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Arts and Culture: ‘The sculptors filled the Chandella artform with resilient vigor and breadth of life.’ Elucidate.

[UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Arts and Culture: Examine the main aspects of Akbar’s religious syncretism.

Smash 2024 Sectional test 6Q18.“In medieval Indian history Akbar was unique for his religio-political ideas and policies.” Analyze this statement. Emperor Akbar (1556–1605) stands out in Indian history as a ruler who sought not merely political conquest but spiritual integration of a diverse society. As his court historian Abul Fazl wrote in the Ain-i-Akbari, “The… Continue reading [UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Arts and Culture: Examine the main aspects of Akbar’s religious syncretism.

[UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Art and Culture: Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture. 

Smash Mains 2025 Q1. In what ways does Harappan art and architecture reflect both utilitarian functionality and aesthetic sensibilities? (FLT 3) PYQ Q. To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided inputs to the present day urbanization? Discuss. (2014) Samachar Manthan: Article name: Rewriting the Keezhadi (Keeladi) Excavations… Continue reading [UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Art and Culture: Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture. 

SCO: Does India needs to rethink its regional policy?

N4S UPSC usually picks such topics when bilateral tensions affect the functioning of multilateral forums. The 2023 question on SCO shows how UPSC links current diplomatic flashpoints with deeper strategic issues. It doesn’t just ask “What happened?” but wants to know “What does it say about India’s foreign policy?” Aspirants often falter here in two… Continue reading SCO: Does India needs to rethink its regional policy?

Autonomous Weapons: Changing Geometrics of Battlefield ?

N4S India’s embrace of autonomous weapons marks a strategic leap in modern warfare, but it risks outpacing accountability and global norms. UPSC often asks internal security questions rooted in emerging threats – like the 2023 drone question-but aspirants often reduce drones to mere gadgets, missing deeper themes like AI warfare, border management, and strategic autonomy.… Continue reading Autonomous Weapons: Changing Geometrics of Battlefield ?

Breaking the Chain : How India Can Cut Its Import Reliance on Rare Earths ?

N4S:  Rare earths and critical minerals are crucial for India’s clean energy, defence, and economic future.  UPSC often frames broad questions – like on energy security or sustainable development and asks aspirants to link them with India’s raw material needs, as seen in the 2013 PYQ on atomic energy. But many stop at listing reserves… Continue reading Breaking the Chain : How India Can Cut Its Import Reliance on Rare Earths ?

Poverty Line Revision: Impact on Perception and Policy Targeting in India

N4S India’s poverty story is no longer about how little people earn but about how we measure, interpret, and respond to deprivation.  UPSC often asks sharp, layered questions on poverty-how it’s measured and how well welfare schemes work. The 2015 question on urban vs. rural poverty indicators is a case in point, demanding both data… Continue reading Poverty Line Revision: Impact on Perception and Policy Targeting in India

Maternal Health in India: Progress or Persistence ?

N4S Mothers are surviving births, yet hidden illnesses still stalk India’s women. UPSC usually turns such “population and health” themes into big GS 1 questions that ask “why” and “how,” much like the 2014 sex‑ratio poser that mixed prosperity with social bias; examiners expect you to go beyond numbers and trace deep causes and policy gaps.… Continue reading Maternal Health in India: Progress or Persistence ?

Governor’s discretion: Constitutional Norm vs Cultural Symbolism ?

N4S:  This article explores a timely clash between cultural symbolism and constitutional authority, using the Kerala Raj Bhavan controversy as a lens. UPSC typically asks such questions by merging static constitutional provisions with dynamic political events, like in the 2022 question on the Governor’s ordinance powers. However, aspirants often falter by focusing solely on textbook… Continue reading Governor’s discretion: Constitutional Norm vs Cultural Symbolism ?

Protecting IHR : Are we doing enough ?

N4S:  This article explores the drying Himalayan springs, linking it to climate change, deforestation, and poor governance. UPSC usually frames such topics through broad yet region-specific questions, like the 2017 question on climate impacts in Himalayan and coastal states. Aspirants often falter by giving generic answers, lacking micro-level insights. Aspirants often rely on generic content… Continue reading Protecting IHR : Are we doing enough ?

Space Race : Is competition among Indian startups ready for lift-off ?

N4S UPSC often asks questions about India’s space sector by linking technology with governance, economy, and global partnerships (e.g., India’s role in commercial space or policy hurdles). Many aspirants struggle because they focus only on technology and ISRO’s achievements but ignore policy, private sector participation, and global trends. This article bridges that gap by covering… Continue reading Space Race : Is competition among Indian startups ready for lift-off ?

Rice and Wheat production: Is This Cycle Threatening India’s Agricultural Future?

N4S: Article tells how rice‑wheat success hides risks and need crop diversity. UPSC frames such themes as big‑picture GS 3 questions that ask you to praise past gains and then dissect hidden costs, just like the 2020 question on the rice‑wheat “bane.” Many aspirants stumble because they quote only Green‑Revolution glory and ignore hard data on… Continue reading Rice and Wheat production: Is This Cycle Threatening India’s Agricultural Future?

Evidence Based Policymaking : Can Data Make Indian Policy Smarter ?

N4S This article explores how India is shifting towards evidence-based policymaking (EBPM). UPSC often asks such topics by linking them to broader governance issues -like the 2018 GS2 question on policy contradictions. Where aspirants usually falter is in reducing these topics to mere institutional listing without engaging with the underlying structural reforms – like regular… Continue reading Evidence Based Policymaking : Can Data Make Indian Policy Smarter ?

Balancing Safety and Investment: Can India Build a Trusted Nuclear Ecosystem ?

N4S  India is looking to ease its liability laws to limit supplier liability and attract foreign investment for reviving nuclear energy projects and meeting clean energy goals. UPSC frames broad, issue-based questions linking nuclear energy to climate goals, energy security, and public safety – like the 2018 GS3 question on expanding India’s nuclear programme. Most… Continue reading Balancing Safety and Investment: Can India Build a Trusted Nuclear Ecosystem ?

Presidential References under Article 143: Clarifying Law or Confusing Constitutional Boundaries?

N4S: India’s Constitution has a tool to avoid fights between its main institutions: Article 143.This article explains how the President can ask the Supreme Court for advice before disputes grow. In UPSC, the question is not “What is Article 143?” but “How does it help checks and balances?” (2023 GS 2). Many aspirants just list cases without showing… Continue reading Presidential References under Article 143: Clarifying Law or Confusing Constitutional Boundaries?

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