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What is Decentralised Finance (DeFi)?

Why in the News? Decentralised Finance (DeFi) is rapidly expanding as a global financial innovation, enabling direct peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries such as banks. What is DeFi? It is a financial system that runs on blockchains like Ethereum. It allows people to send, borrow, lend, invest, and trade money directly without banks. All transactions happen… Continue reading What is Decentralised Finance (DeFi)?

A Sense of Drift: Democracy at the Crossroads: Youth, Corruption and the New Global Malaise

Introduction Democracy, once celebrated as the ultimate safeguard of freedom and governance, is witnessing profound crises across continents. Nepal’s weak institutions, France’s protest-prone presidentialism, and America’s violent polarisation reveal that democratic malaise is not confined to one geography. The recurring theme is stark: young people feel robbed of their future. Why is democracy back in… Continue reading A Sense of Drift: Democracy at the Crossroads: Youth, Corruption and the New Global Malaise

BS-VII Emission Norms

Why in the News? To align India’s automobile sector with global standards, the government is planning to introduce BS VII emission norms by 2026-27. About BS7 Norms: Overview: India’s equivalent of Euro 7 emission standards, aimed at reducing vehicular pollution and aligning with global benchmarks. Coverage: Applies uniformly to cars, vans, buses, trucks, petrol, diesel,… Continue reading BS-VII Emission Norms

Researchers develop Red Ivy Plant-Based Wound-Healing Pad

Why in the News? Researchers at JNTBGRI has developed a multifunctional wound-healing pad using nanomaterials, inspired by the red ivy plant (Strobilanthes alternata), traditionally used in folk medicine. About the Red Ivy Plant: Overview: Strobilanthes alternata, locally called murikooti pacha, belonging to the Acanthaceae family. Habitat: Found abundantly in tropical regions, including India. Traditional Use:… Continue reading Researchers develop Red Ivy Plant-Based Wound-Healing Pad

Expedition ‘Samudra Pradakshina’

Why in the News? Defence Minister flagged off Samudra Pradakshina, the world’s first tri-service all-women circumnavigation sailing mission, from the Gateway of India, Mumbai. About Expedition ‘Samudra Pradakshina’: Overview: First-ever all-women tri-service circumnavigation sailing expedition in the world. Crew: Ten women officers from the Army, Navy, and Air Force, led by Lt. Col. Anuja Varudkar.… Continue reading Expedition ‘Samudra Pradakshina’

In news: Pugad Island

Why in the News? The Philippine island of Pugad in Manila Bay is facing an existential threat as rising sea levels and rapid land subsidence combine to submerge homes and livelihoods. About Pugad Island: Overview: Small 7-hectare island in Manila Bay, situated at the mouth of the Angat–Pampanga River Delta, under Hagonoy municipality, Bulacan province,… Continue reading In news: Pugad Island

A joint and new journey along the SCO pathway

Introduction The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), now the largest regional grouping after 24 years of evolution, witnessed its biggest summit in Tianjin with 23 countries and 10 international organisations participating. The presence of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping signalled a possible recalibration of bilateral ties amid a tense global order.… Continue reading A joint and new journey along the SCO pathway

[pib] Gyan Bharatam Mission

Why in the News? The Ministry of Culture has launched the ‘Gyan Bharatam’, a landmark national initiative dedicated to preserving, digitising, and disseminating India’s manuscript heritage. About Gyan Bharatam Mission: Launch: A national initiative by the Ministry of Culture to preserve, digitise, and disseminate India’s manuscript heritage. Scheme Type: Approved as a Central Sector Scheme… Continue reading [pib] Gyan Bharatam Mission

Himachal Pradesh declared to be ‘Fully Literate’

Why in the News? Himachal Pradesh was recently declared a ‘fully literate’ state, becoming the 5th State/UT after Goa, Ladakh, Mizoram, and Tripura. Various Definitions of Literacy / Full Literacy: Ministry of Education (MoE) Definition: Literacy is the ability to read, write, and compute with comprehension, along with digital literacy and financial literacy as critical… Continue reading Himachal Pradesh declared to be ‘Fully Literate’

Power of Siberia 2 Pipeline

Why in the News? Russia has announced a “legally binding” memorandum with China to build the Power of Siberia 2 pipeline, highlighting closer Russia–China ties amid Western sanctions. What are Power of Siberia Pipelines? Power of Siberia 1: Operational pipeline from eastern Siberia to northern China; commercial exports since Dec 2019. Specifications: Length over 5,100… Continue reading Power of Siberia 2 Pipeline

Swachh Vayu Survekshan, 2025

Why in the News? Indore, already recognized as the cleanest city in India, has topped the list of million-plus population cities in the Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2025. About Swachh Vayu Survekshan (SVS), 2025: Overview: Annual survey by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP). Objective: Promotes… Continue reading Swachh Vayu Survekshan, 2025

Decisive step (Including Aadhar as 12th document for voter verification)

Introduction The right to vote is one of the most fundamental expressions of citizenship in a democracy. However, procedural rigidity in electoral roll revisions often results in the exclusion of genuine electors. Recently, the Supreme Court intervened decisively in Bihar’s Special Intensive Revision (SIR) exercise, directing the inclusion of Aadhaar as one of the 12… Continue reading Decisive step (Including Aadhar as 12th document for voter verification)

Why is Kathmandu Burning

Introduction On September 8–9, 2025, Nepal plunged into chaos as protests led by Generation Z escalated into violent clashes with security forces. What began as outrage against corruption and a controversial ban on 26 social media platforms quickly spiraled into a mass uprising that engulfed Kathmandu in flames. Former Prime Ministers’ homes were torched, ministers… Continue reading Why is Kathmandu Burning

[pib] Regulation of Biostimulants in India

Why in the News? India now has a comprehensive regulatory framework for biostimulants, placing it among the few countries with such dedicated oversight. What are Biostimulants? Definition: Under Fertilizer Control Order (FCO), 1985, Clause 20C, biostimulants are substances or micro-organisms that stimulate plant processes to improve nutrient uptake, growth, yield, crop quality, efficiency, and stress… Continue reading [pib] Regulation of Biostimulants in India

[pib] Universal Postal Union (UPU)

Why in the News? At the 28th Universal Postal Congress in Dubai (2025), the Union Minister for Communications has unveiled the Unified Payments Interface (UPI)- UPU Integration Project. About Universal Postal Union (UPU): Overview: A UN specialized agency and the primary forum for international postal cooperation. Establishment: Created by the Treaty of Bern (1874). It… Continue reading [pib] Universal Postal Union (UPU)

[pib] Exercise ZAPAD 2025

Why in the News? An Indian Armed Forces contingent has departed for Mulino Training Ground, Nizhniy, Russia, to participate in Exercise ZAPAD 2025. About Exercise ZAPAD: Meaning: “ZAPAD” means West in Russian; a series of large-scale joint strategic military drills led by Russia and Belarus. Origins: Started during the Soviet era with Zapad-77, Zapad-81, Zapad-84,… Continue reading [pib] Exercise ZAPAD 2025

What was the Harappan Language?

Why in the News? The Union Culture Ministry has invited experts to present their research on deciphering the Indus Valley script, also known as the Harappan script. Recent Efforts and Theories on the Harappan Script: Taxation & Commerce Theory: Bahata Ansumali Mukhopadhyay argues the script encodes rules of trade and taxation, not phonetic spellings. Religious… Continue reading What was the Harappan Language?

Langkhon Festival of Assam

Why in the News? Tiwa tribesmen recently celebrated Langkhun festival in Umsowai village in Karbi Anglong district of Assam. About Langkhon Festival: Overview: A pre-harvest thanks-giving festival of the Tiwa tribe of Assam. Timing: Celebrated in October–November, just before the Rabi crop season. Core Belief: Involves worship of bamboo, seen as a symbol of prosperity… Continue reading Langkhon Festival of Assam

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