Central Idea: Remembering IK Gujral

• Date: November 30 marks the 11th death anniversary of IK Gujral, India’s 12th Prime Minister.
• Tenure: Gujral’s tenure as Prime Minister was less than a year, often overshadowed in discussions about India’s heads of government.
• Unique Contribution: He is notably recognized for the ‘Gujral Doctrine’, a distinctive foreign policy approach named after him.

Understanding the Gujral Doctrine

• Background: Before becoming Prime Minister, Gujral served as the External Affairs Minister twice, during which he formulated his foreign policy approach.
• Five Principles: Outlined in a speech at Chatham House, London, the doctrine emphasized-

1. Non-reciprocity in relations with neighbors like Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, and Sri Lanka,
2. Non-use of territory against each other,
3. Non-interference in internal affairs,
4. Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, and
5. Peaceful bilateral negotiations for dispute resolution.

• Exclusion of Pakistan: Notably, Pakistan was not included in the list of countries for non-reciprocal relations.
• Philosophy: The doctrine was based on leveraging India’s size and influence in South East Asia through a non-domineering attitude and continuous dialogue, even with Pakistan.

Successes of the Gujral Doctrine

• Strengthening Regional Trust: The doctrine enhanced trust and cooperation with India’s neighbors.
• Key Achievements: Notable successes include the signing of a 30-year water treaty with Bangladesh and positive developments in relations with Bhutan and Nepal.
• Legacy: Successive Prime Ministers, despite differing political ideologies, continued to follow aspects of this doctrine.

Criticism and Limitations

• Perceived Leniency: Gujral faced criticism for being too lenient, particularly towards Pakistan, potentially leaving India vulnerable to future threats.
• Perception in Pakistan: Some in Pakistan viewed the doctrine as an Indian strategy to isolate Islamabad.

Gujral’s Personal Influence on the Doctrine

• Background: Born in undivided Punjab and a participant in the freedom struggle, Gujral was known for his politeness and firmness in politics.
• Stance during the Emergency: As Information Minister, he reportedly resisted Sanjay Gandhi’s orders to stifle the press.
• International Relations Stance: Gujral was outspoken in his views, notably critiquing Britain’s suggestion to mediate over Kashmir.

Legacy in India’s Foreign Policy

• Impact on India’s Foreign Policy: Gujral’s approach left a lasting influence on India’s foreign policy, particularly in its relations with neighboring countries.
• Recognition and Remembrance: His doctrine is remembered as a significant contribution to India’s diplomatic strategy, reflecting his understanding of regional dynamics and India’s role in South East Asia.

Conclusion

• The Gujral Doctrine stands as a testament to IK Gujral’s diplomatic acumen and his vision for India’s role in its immediate neighborhood.
• His approach, emphasizing cooperation, non-reciprocity, and dialogue, continues to influence India’s foreign policy decisions and its relationships with neighboring countries.

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