The Malaiyali tribe, scattered across Tamil Nadu’s hilly regions, has undergone a remarkable transformation over two centuries.
From their initial foraging lifestyle to settling atop the Yelagiri hill and constructing traditional clay huts, the tribe has transitioned into a more modern way of life.
Amidst the evolving landscape, one old-fashioned hut remains as a testament to their history.
Malaiyali Tribe
Historical Settlement: Over 200 Malaiyali tribespeople established a comprehensive system on Yelagiri hill with clay huts for shelter, storage, farming, and cattle.
Modern Evolution: Today, only one antiquated hut endures, belonging to tribesman Govinthasamy, while the rest have given way to brick-and-mortar homes.
Malaiyali Tribe: “Malai” means hill and “yali” means people, depicting the tribespeople who settled across Tamil Nadu’s hilly regions.
Significance of Red Clay
Integral Material: Red clay played a pivotal role in building huts, burying the dead, and sustaining the tribe’s lifecycle from birth to death.
Unique Construction: Huts were constructed with red clay on teak wood frames, embodying the tribe’s connection to nature.
Practicality and Value: Despite its worn appearance, the hut holds immense value due to the scarcity and high cost of materials like teak wood.
Distinctive Hut Features
Roofing: A 12-foot thatched roof made of dry bamboo leaves, waxed with cow dung to prevent leaks during monsoons.
Interior Space: Deceptively small from outside, the hut accommodates eight people and an attic for storing household items.
Functional Evolution: Originally meant for living, the hut transformed into a storage space for seeds during sowing and grains post-harvest.
Elevated Structure: The hut stands on a teak wood stilt to prevent flooding during heavy rains and deter rodents.
Storage Space: Stilts create additional storage beneath the house for grains or poultry.
Traditional Living: The one-room structure housed various activities, highlighting the tribe’s reliance on agriculture.
The recent launch of “Urea Gold,” a fortified fertiliser by Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Ltd (RCF), has sparked interest as it combines urea with sulphur to enhance nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).
It seeks to tackle challenges of escalating urea consumption and declining agricultural efficiency.
What is Urea Gold?
Composition: “Urea Gold” blends urea with sulphur to create a fortified fertiliser aimed at improving NUE and crop performance.
NUE Enhancement: The fortified blend ensures gradual nitrogen release, sustaining plant health and potentially reducing fertiliser application frequency.
Challenges of Urea Consumption and NUE Decline
Urea Consumption Surge: Urea consumption has risen from 26.7 million tonnes to 35.7 million tonnes between 2009-10 and 2022-23, making it India’s predominant fertiliser choice.
Import Dependency: Domestic urea production relies heavily on imported natural gas. India’s annual consumption trails only China’s, where coal-based production prevails.
Declining NUE: Only around 35% of nitrogen applied through urea benefits crops, raising concerns about resource wastage and increased fertiliser application.
Enhanced Benefits: Coated fertilisers act as “carrier products” for secondary and micronutrients, thereby increasing their N and P use efficiency and ensuring controlled nutrient release.
Innovation by Yara International: The “Procote” technology facilitates micronutrient coating, demonstrating improved fertiliser efficacy.
Efficacy Confirmation: The trials substantiated amplified paddy and wheat yields through micronutrient-coated fertilisers, potentially mitigating NUE concerns.
Pricing and Distribution Challenges
Pricing Complexities: Existing subsidies for coated fertilisers like zincated urea and boronated DAP may not incentivise companies to promote fortified products.
Farmer Adoption Hurdles: Discrepancies in pricing between fortified and non-fortified fertilisers have deterred farmers from embracing coated options.
Optimal Implementation: Advocates suggest factory-level coating to ensure uniform nutrient distribution and user convenience. Freeing maximum retail prices (MRPs) for coated fertilisers could bolster adoption.
Striking Pricing Balance: Since traditional fertilisers receive substantial subsidies, fortified product premiums must remain reasonable to encourage affordability.
Conclusion
Amidst the challenges of dwindling NUE and escalating urea consumption, the introduction of “Urea Gold” and fortified fertilisers holds promise for enhancing agricultural efficiency.
The journey to successful implementation necessitates addressing pricing discrepancies and distribution intricacies.
Genome sequencing technologies played a crucial role in identifying the causative agent of the COVID pandemic.
This approach, known as metagenomics, revolutionized pathogen identification and surveillance, enabling rapid response to emerging threats.
Metagenomics and COVID-19
Unprecedented Scale: Scientists rapidly applied genome sequencing to identify SARS-CoV-2, making it one of the most sequenced organisms in history.
Break from Tradition: Instead of traditional microbiological methods, patient samples were directly subjected to genome sequencing, expediting virus identification.
Global Genome Surveillance: The success of genome sequencing led to the development of technologies like CovidSeq assay and spurred national and international SARS-CoV-2 genome surveillance initiatives.
What is Genome Sequencing?
Genome sequencing is the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome.
The genome refers to the entire set of genetic material present in an organism’s cells, including all the genes and non-coding regions.
Genome sequencing involves reading and deciphering the order of the nucleotide bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) that make up an organism’s DNA.
The genome sequencing process typically involves several steps:
DNA Extraction: Genetic material (DNA) is extracted from the cells of the organism being studied.
DNA Fragmentation: The extracted DNA is broken down into smaller fragments for sequencing. These fragments are usually around a few hundred base pairs in length.
Sequencing: The individual DNA fragments are then sequenced using advanced sequencing technologies. Various methods, such as Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing (NGS), can be employed for this purpose.
Data Analysis: The sequence data generated is processed and analyzed using specialized bioinformatics tools. The data is assembled to reconstruct the complete genome sequence.
Annotation: Once the genome sequence is assembled, it is annotated to identify genes, regulatory elements, and other functional components within the genome.
Application in Pathogen Surveillance
Genome Surveillance Technologies: Several technologies based on genome sequencing, such as the CovidSeq assay, were developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
GISAID Repository: GISAID became a repository for global genome-sequence data, reflecting high-throughput genome surveillance activities.
India’s Initiatives: India initiated a national genome-sequencing and surveillance program for SARS-CoV-2, fostering national-level efforts.
Nigerian Study and Metagenomic Sequencing
Application of Metagenomics: Nigerian scientists employed metagenomic sequencing to study pathogen surveillance in three cohorts of patients.
Versatile Approach: The study identified 13 distinct viruses among the cohorts and aided in detecting co-infections and undiagnosed conditions.
Diagnostic Power: Metagenomics helped link symptoms to pesticide poisoning in some cases, showcasing its diagnostic potential.
Diverse Applications and Future Prospects
Expanding to Other Pathogens: Genome sequencing technologies are being applied to detect other pathogens like Zika, dengue, lumpy skin disease, and drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Environmental Surveillance: Genome surveillance is being extended to diverse sources, such as wastewater, air, soil, and animals, aiding in early detection and response strategies.
Mainstay for Pathogen Defense: The speed, accuracy, and adaptability of genome sequencing make it a cornerstone for future pathogen detection, surveillance, and response.
The moon exploration scene has intensified as Russia’s “Luna 25” mission prepares for a soft landing near the lunar South Pole, challenging India’s “Chandrayaan-3” in the race to touch down first.
While Luna 25’s earlier launch and more direct trajectory give it an edge, Chandrayaan-3’s unique features and India-Russia collaboration in space activities also merit attention.
Luna 25’s Accelerated Journey
Launch and Orbit: Luna 25 was launched on August 10, aiming to enter lunar orbit by August 16.
Lunar Landing Date: The Russian lander is anticipated to attempt a soft landing between August 21 and 22, ahead of Chandrayaan-3’s possible landing date of August 23.
Key Factors behind Luna 25’s Lead
Trajectory and Fuel Storage: Luna 25 followed a direct trajectory due to its lighter payload and higher fuel efficiency.
Payload Comparison: Luna 25’s lift-off mass is 1,750 kg, significantly lighter than Chandrayaan-3’s 3,900 kg. The latter includes a Lander-Rover and propulsion module.
Lunar Dawn Advantage: Luna 25 benefits from an earlier lunar dawn at its landing site, ensuring optimal power generation through solar panels.
What is Lunar Dawn?
Lunar dawn is the period on the Moon when the Sun is about to rise over the lunar horizon, resulting in the gradual illumination of the lunar surface, similar to Earth’s sunrise.
During lunar dawn, the Moon’s surface transitions from darkness to light as the Sun’s rays gradually touch and illuminate different areas.
It occurs due to the Moon’s rotation on its axis, causing changing lighting conditions as it orbits the Earth.
Unlike Earth, the Moon lacks a significant atmosphere, resulting in distinct lighting, sharp shadows, and no diffusion of sunlight.
Astronauts on lunar missions, like the Apollo missions, have observed lunar dawn first-hand, providing unique perspectives on the Moon’s surface.
Chandrayaan-3’s Distinct Features
Coated Rover: Chandrayaan-3 boasts a rover with a 500-metre range, unlike Luna 25.
Scientific Objectives: Chandrayaan-3 emphasizes soil and water-ice study, especially near the southern pole, owing to craters in permanent shadow.
Experiment Suite: Chandrayaan-3’s Lander carries experiments like RAMBHA, ChaSTE, ILSA, and LRA, providing crucial insights into moon’s properties.
Collaboration and Competition
India-Russia Space Collaboration: Both countries have collaborated extensively in space activities, such as Russia’s contribution to India’s Chandrayaan-2 mission’s lander-rover design.
Chandrayaan-1 to Chandrayaan-2 Gap: India developed its lander-rover technology independently after Russia’s withdrawal, leading to an 11-year gap between Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2 missions.
Future Prospects
Human Moon Missions Race: India, the US, and China are actively pursuing human moon missions after India’s Chandrayaan-1’s water molecule discovery in 2008.
Progress and Challenges: While India has made strides, countries like the US and China have achieved landing and sample return missions. India’s efforts to develop heavier launch vehicles for more ambitious missions continue.
Prime Minister laid the foundation stone for a ₹100 crore temple dedicated to Sant Ravidas in Madhya Pradesh’s Sagar.
Guru Ravidas
Ravidas was an Indian mystic poet-saint of the Bhakti movement and founder of the Ravidassia religion during the 15th to 16th century CE.
Venerated as a guru (teacher) in the region of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and mainly Punjab and Haryana. He was a poet-saint, social reformer and spiritual figure.
The life details of Ravidas are uncertain and contested. Scholars believe he was born in 1450 CE, in the cobbler caste.
Ravidas’s devotional verses were included in the Sikh scriptures known as Guru Granth Sahib.
The Panch Vani text of the Dadupanthi tradition within Hinduism also includes numerous poems of Ravidas.
He taught the removal of social divisions of caste and gender and promoted unity in the pursuit of personal spiritual freedoms.
Significance of his teachings
Philosophy and values of Sant Ravidas like social justice, equality and fraternity have been imbued in our constitutional values.
He had envisaged a society that is based on equality and free from any kind of discrimination.
He gave it the name ‘Be-gampura’ (a city near Lahore) where there is no place for any kind of grief or fear.
Such an ideal city would be bereft of fear, vulnerability or scarcity. Rule of law based on the right ideas like equality and welfare of all would be the principle for governance.
There are ongoing Supreme Court deliberations regarding the abrogation of Article 370.
This article delves into the historical context, legal intricacies, and broader socio-political implications of this pivotal constitutional provision.
Historical Context of Accession
Geo-Political Situation: Jammu and Kashmir’s unique special status originated from the tumultuous geo-political circumstances following India’s Independence and Partition.
Standstill Agreements: Maharaja Hari Singh’s decision to enter into “Standstill Agreements” with both India and Pakistan highlighted the State’s strategic positioning and economic interests.
Instrument of Accession: Faced with internal turmoil and external aggression, Maharaja Hari Singh’s Instrument of Accession sought India’s military assistance while retaining significant autonomy in internal matters.
Evolution of Article 370
Instrument of Accession’s Reflection: Article 370 was crafted in line with the Instrument of Accession’s principles, preserving the unique terms of Jammu and Kashmir’s association with India.
Autonomy Preserved: This provision aimed to strike a balance between safeguarding the State’s autonomy and integrating it into the larger Indian Union.
Limited Legislative Authority: Article 370 outlined a limited scope for Parliament to legislate on certain subjects, primarily defense, foreign affairs, and communications, with consultation and concurrence requirements.
Special Relationship: This provision established Jammu and Kashmir’s distinct relationship with India, emphasizing that its integration would be contingent on mutual consent.
Abrogation of Article 370
Long-Standing Opposition: The abrogation of Article 370 was a persistent demand of the mainstream political party and its precursor.
Multistage Process: The process of abrogation involved presidential orders, amendments, and parliamentary resolutions, culminating in its nullification.
Petitioners’ Arguments against Revocation
Lack of Consultation: Senior litigant accused the Union government of ignoring the will of the people of Jammu and Kashmir during the Article 370 abrogation process.
Series of Executive Acts: He highlighted that the abrogation was executed through a series of executive acts, starting from the dissolution of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly and state government.
Changing Provisions: He pointed out that the proviso to Article 370 (3) was altered to sidestep the need for the recommendation of the now-defunct Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly before rendering Article 370 inoperative.
Nature of Relationship
Federal vs. Quasi-Federal: Litigant underscored that the relationship between the Union government and Jammu and Kashmir was purely federal, distinct from other states’ quasi-federal relationships.
Consent of the State: He argued that such significant decisions should have required the consent of the state and its people, considering the unique federal structure.
CJI’s Inquiries
Permanent Character of Article 370: The CJI raised a significant question about the permanence of Article 370 in the Constitution. He inquired whether a constitutional amendment was required to transform its temporary nature into permanence.
Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly: He asked whether the absence of abrogation by the Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly before its dissolution in 1957 should be considered as deeming Article 370 permanent.
Supreme Court’s Interpretation
Ans. No Comparison with Brexit-Type Referendum
Brexit Referendum: The CJI referenced the Brexit referendum as a political decision taken in the U.K. which does not align with India’s constitutional framework.
Uniqueness of Constitutional Democracy: India’s democracy is grounded in the Constitution, and thus decisions like Article 370’s abrogation involve adherence to established legal procedures.
Conclusion
The ongoing courtroom exchange underlines the essence of constitutional democracy in India, wherein the expression of public opinion occurs through established democratic mechanisms.
The Chief Justice’s observations and the petitioners’ arguments shed light on the intricate balance between executive actions, parliamentary representation, and the preservation of constitutional principles.
India’s rich heritage of ancient manuscripts, ranging from mathematical texts to religious scriptures, holds invaluable historical and cultural significance.
The proposed National Manuscripts Bill, 2023, aims to safeguard and document this wealth, ensuring accurate records, accessibility, and conservation.
Unveiling the National Manuscripts Bill
Bill Objectives: The forthcoming National Manuscripts Bill, 2023, plans to document, catalog, and preserve Indian heritage texts. It is set to be introduced in the Winter Session of Parliament.
NMA Composition: The bill proposes the formation of a 10-member National Manuscripts Authority (NMA) with representatives from Culture, Finance, and Education ministries, Central Sanskrit University, State representatives, and private agencies.
Apex Policy Making Body: NMA will oversee digitization, conservation, preservation, editing, and publication of manuscripts. It will function as the apex policy-making body in these areas.
India’s Manuscript Treasure
Historic Significance: The Bakhshali manuscript, with its early use of zero, symbolizes the intellectual and mathematical achievements of ancient India. Numerous such manuscripts in various scripts exist in libraries worldwide.
Vast Manuscript Collection: India boasts around 10 million manuscripts in 80 ancient scripts, encompassing themes like history, religion, literature, and more.
Cultural Diversity: Manuscripts are written on diverse materials and span themes in Sanskrit as well as regional languages.
Preservation Challenge: The National Mission for Manuscripts (NMM) is tasked with preserving this treasure, an essential endeavor to safeguard cultural and historical identity.
Empowering the National Manuscripts Authority
Regulation and Investigation: NMA will possess the powers of a civil court to manage manuscript access. It will also have an investigative arm to probe theft and desecration incidents.
Collaboration: NMA can partner with educational institutions for scholarships and fellowships related to manuscript studies.
Digital Portal: The NMA will establish a dedicated digital portal for indexing, cataloguing, and sharing manuscript copies.
Private Ownership: The authority can acquire manuscripts from private owners if their uniqueness and content’s significance warrants it. Compensation would be determined by experts.
Revitalizing Manuscript Studies
Linking Manuscripts with Livelihood: There is a need to intertwine manuscript studies with livelihood, fostering renewed cultural engagement.
Global Interest: The proposed survey and documentation of Indian manuscripts abroad are expected to elevate global interest in these texts.
Digital Endeavors by NMM
Digitization Efforts: The National Mission for Manuscripts has digitized a substantial number of manuscripts, totaling around 3.3 lakh manuscripts and 3.1 crore folios.
Online Access: While over 1.18 lakh manuscripts have been uploaded, approximately 70,000 are accessible to the public online.
Other Cultural Institutions: Manuscripts are housed in esteemed institutions like the Sarasvati Mahal Library in Thanjavur, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute in Pune, Sampurnanand Sanskrit University in Varanasi, and the Oriental Research Institute in Jammu and Kashmir.
Conclusion
The proposed National Manuscripts Bill seeks to bridge the past with the present, ensuring the preservation and accessibility of India’s diverse manuscript legacy.
By establishing the National Manuscripts Authority and promoting digital initiatives, India aims to share its invaluable cultural wealth with the world, fostering a deeper understanding of its historical and intellectual heritage.
Back2Basics: Bakhshali Manuscript
The Bakhshali Manuscript is an ancient mathematical document. It was discovered in 1881, buried in a field in Bakhshali village near Peshawar (Pakistan).
It is written in Sharda Script.
It predates the work of Brahmagupta, a 7th-century mathematician, and an inscription in the 9th-century Gwalior’s Chaturbhuj Temple.
The manuscript is composed of 70 fragile leaves made of birch bark.
It contains hundreds of mathematical notations, including the use of zero as a placeholder.
Zeros in the manuscript are represented by dots that serve as placeholders for different place values.
In 1902, the manuscript was presented to the University of Oxford’s Bodleian Library, where it has been preserved since.
The manuscript is a compilation of mathematical material from multiple periods. Some pages date as far back as the 3rd to 4th century, while others are from the 8th and 10th centuries.
Influence on Modern Mathematics
The manuscript is a compendium of rules and illustrative examples.
Each example is stated as a problem, the solution is described, and it is verified that the problem has been solved.
The sample problems are in verse and the commentary is in prose associated with calculations.
The topics covered include fractions, square roots, arithmetic and geometric progressions, solutions of simple equations, simultaneous linear equations, quadratic equations and indeterminate equations of the second degree.
The President of India granted approval to four significant legislations, encompassing the Digital Personal Data Protection Act and a law related to controlling services in Delhi.
These Bills, recently endorsed during the Monsoon Session of Parliament, signify the nation’s resolve to adapt its legal framework to contemporary challenges.
Legislations receiving President’s Assent
The Digital Personal Data Protection Act: This law aims to establish a framework to prevent the misuse of individuals’ data by online platforms. It addresses issues related to data privacy and protection in the digital realm. Tap here to read more.
The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Act: This act provides for the establishment of a three-member authority responsible for handling the transfer and postings of Group A officers under the Delhi government. It pertains to the administration of services in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Tap here to read more.
The Registration of Births and Deaths (Amendment) Act: This act designates digital birth certificates as the exclusive conclusive proof of age, which can be used for various purposes. It introduces the concept of digital certificates for births and deaths. Tap here to read more.
The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act: This act focuses on promoting ease of business by decriminalizing minor offenses. It introduces amendments to 183 provisions of 42 Acts to reduce legal complexities and facilitate business operations. Tap here to read more.
What isPresident’s Assent?
Article 111 of the Indian Constitution governs the President’s assent to bills, which marks the final step in the legislative process.
The President possesses the power of veto, giving them three options under Article 111 when presented with a bill passed by Parliament:
Assent: The President can give their approval to the bill, leading to its enactment as a law.
Withhold Assent: The President can refuse to sign the bill, preventing it from becoming a law.
Return for Reconsideration: If the bill is not a Money Bill, the President can send it back to Parliament for reconsideration. If Parliament passes the bill again, with or without amendments, the President must give their assent.
Types of Veto
Absolute Veto: The President exercises this veto when refusing to sign a bill, causing it to be rejected and not turned into law. It is typically used when a Private Member’s Bill is used to pass a law or in the event of a change in the cabinet before the President’s signature, where the incoming government advises against signing the legislation.
Suspensive Veto: This allows the President to send a bill back to Parliament for further examination or deliberation. If Parliament reapproves the bill with or without amendments, it is adopted as law without the President’s veto.
Pocket Veto: In this form of veto, the President neither signs the bill nor sends it back to the legislature. The bill remains pending, and its outcome is uncertain. Unlike the U.S. President, the Indian President is not required to return the bill within a specific timeframe.
Qualified Veto: Unlike other types, this veto can be overridden by the legislature with a higher majority. However, this type of veto is not vested with the Indian President.
[A] Assent to Ordinary Bill:
For an ordinary bill, the President has three options:
Assent: The President can sign the bill, transforming it into an act.
Withhold Assent: The President can withhold their approval, resulting in the bill not becoming law.
Return for Reconsideration: The President can send the bill back to the Houses for reconsideration. The Houses may amend the bill or not before returning it to the President for assent.
[B] Assent to Money Bill:
The President can give or withhold assent to a Money Bill. However, a Money Bill cannot be returned by the President to the House for reconsideration under the Indian Constitution.
[C] Assent to Constitutional Amendment Bill:
In the case of Constitutional Amendment Bills, the President’s assent is mandatory.
The President cannot withhold or return such bills; they become Constitutional Amendment Acts, modifying the Constitution in accordance with their provisions.
Making a Law Operational
After receiving the President’s assent, a law becomes effective.
The government drafts guidelines and standards to operationalize the law.
Implementation requires the issuance of these guidelines.
Rules should be issued within 6 months of law passage, as recommended by the parliament.
Try this PYQ from CSP 2022:
Q. Consider the following statements:
A bill amending the Constitution requires a prior recommendation of the President of India.
When a Constitution Amendment Bill is presented to the President of India, it is obligatory for the President of India to give his/her assent.
A Constitution Amendment Bill must be passed by both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha by a special majority and there is no provision for joint sitting.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
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The countdown for UPSC 2024-25 has already begun, and with every passing day, the competition is getting fiercer.
While you’re still picking up standard books like Laxmikanth for Polity, reading newspapers daily in the name of doing current affairs or just enrolling in coaching classes, many repeat aspirants/rankers will be giving attempts, many have made serious progress. The gap is widening, and the clock is ticking!
Aspirants, just 10 months are left for UPSC Prelims 2024. And if you haven’t started yet, even if it is going to be from scratch, today is the best time to start.
Soham Mandhare, IPS
Feeling lost or stuck? Don’t worry, you’re not alone, and catching up with others is not only possible but promised!
Let’s welcome Soham Mandhare, IPS and Civilsdaily’s Super Mentor, who cracked UPSC twice. He’ll tell you how to get ready for the next 10 months for UPSC Prelims 2024 and if required, how to start from scratch.
Soham Mandhare was also a Civilsdaily’s mentorship student under Sajal sir.
Whether you’re just starting, want to move faster, or find and fix what’s holding you back, Soham will help you race with the best.
Topic: Starting UPSC Prep from Level ‘0’ and next 10-month detailed blueprint for UPSC 2024 Prelims
Date: 14th August 2023 (Monday)
Time: 7:30 pm Onwards
Zoom Meeting Link will be sent via your registered email address.
From Level ‘O’ to LBSNAA
Who should attend this webinar?
Aspirants who want to crack a top-50 rank in UPSC 2024-25
Aspirants gearing up for UPSC 2024-25, be it college students, working professionals, or candidates who are at the very onset of their journey.
Aspirants who have just begun their UPSC journey with standard books but lack direction.
Enrolled in UPSC coaching but are yet to start serious, effective preparation.
If you have already started but want to gain momentum and find gaps in your preparation.
Those who attempted UPSC 2022-23 but couldn’t make it through and aim to make critical improvements for a stronger comeback in 2024.
What you should expect in 1-1 LIVE with Soham Mandhare sir?
How to start UPSC 2024 Preparation like a topper and take level ‘0’ advantage?
Getting a situational awareness wrt your UPSC Preparation. Where do you stand currently, what do you have to do now, and how to go about it?
Understanding UPSC’s current expectations, recent trend, and pattern shifts seen in 2023’s Prelims paper.
Avoiding a random one: How to select the right NCERTs/subject or topic to start preparation and build a strong subjective foundation for both Prelims and Mains.
What is the easiest and most effective way for all background aspirants to complete the UPSC syllabus?
How to divide your time for Daily newspapers, NCERTs, Advanced books like M. Laxmikant etc?
How to make notes current affairs and GS and update later by removing redundant information?
How do you start your Optional Subject? and in how many months do you have to finish it?
How to pick conceptual subjects first and finish them one by one by December 2023
How to start minor subjects as soon as the conceptual subjects are finished?
How to focus on only Prelims after December 2023 and revise by following 60, 45, 25, and 15 rules.
How to stick to the bare minimum sources so that your revision will be maximum?
Complete UPSC-CSE Preparation Timeline for a Working Professional and college aspirant
The session will cover a 10-month Phase-wise blueprint for UPSC 2024 that will incorporate a 5-phase plan.
We’ll be sharing a personalized study plan after the webinar
Post-webinar you will get your Personalized 10-month study plan, important PDFs, timetable framework, and mentorship session.
Based on your UPSC prep situation (working aspirant, full-time aspirant), your learning style, previous attempts, and other such factors, we will be preparing and sharing a personalized PDF study plan for you.
