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MIT Research of Ionic Liquids (ILs)

Why in the News? MIT-led research suggests life may not need liquid water; ionic liquids (salts that stay liquid below 100°C) could support life on rocky super-Earths with volcanic activity and little water. About Ionic Liquids (ILs): Overview: Salts in liquid form below 100°C, composed entirely of ions. Properties: Non-volatile, non-flammable, thermally stable, and tunable… Continue reading MIT Research of Ionic Liquids (ILs)

Balancing code and commerce in U.K. trade compact

India–U.K. Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), especially its Chapter 12 on Digital Trade, marks a shift from cautious digital policy to strategic global engagement. It brings major trade gains, but also sparks debate on data sovereignty and oversight. Chapter 12 of India–U.K. CETA exchanges some regulatory control for greater digital market access. Gains include… Continue reading Balancing code and commerce in U.K. trade compact

IBC Amendment Bill, 2025

Why in the News? The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2025 was introduced in the Lok Sabha by Finance Minister to streamline insolvency, cut tribunal delays, and add new tools like creditor-led resolution and cross-border insolvency. About the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016: IBC is India’s bankruptcy law, covering corporate persons, partnership firms,… Continue reading IBC Amendment Bill, 2025

Russia’s Sale of Alaska to US

Why in the News? United States President Donald Trump and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin are set to meet in Anchorage, Alaska to discuss how to end the war in Ukraine. About Alaska: Acquisition: Largest U.S. state; Purchased from Russia in 1867 for $7.2 million. Mountains: Includes Alaska Range with Mount Denali (20,310 ft), the… Continue reading Russia’s Sale of Alaska to US

Contempt of Court : Should it be retained ?

N4S This article helps you clearly understand the power boundaries between the legislature and the judiciary, especially in the context of contempt of court and judicial review. UPSC often picks such complex, ongoing debates and frames open-ended, analytical questions around them. For instance, a question like “The Supreme Court checks arbitrary parliamentary power” demands that… Continue reading Contempt of Court : Should it be retained ?

[14th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The Ceding of Academic Freedom in Universities

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2014] Should the premier institutes like IITs/IIMs be allowed to retain premier status, allowed more academic independence in designing courses and also decide mode/criteria of selection of students? Discuss in light of the growing challenges. Linkage: This PYQ directly links to the article’s core theme of academic autonomy by addressing whether premier… Continue reading [14th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The Ceding of Academic Freedom in Universities

Aid and advice: On Jammu and Kashmir and the Lieutenant-Governor’s Assembly member nominations

The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has told the J&K High Court that the Lieutenant-Governor (L-G) can nominate five Assembly members without the “aid and advice” of the elected government. This position has sparked a constitutional debate over democratic accountability in a politically sensitive Union Territory where such nominations could alter the balance of… Continue reading Aid and advice: On Jammu and Kashmir and the Lieutenant-Governor’s Assembly member nominations

Africa is challenging China’s mining hegemony

For two decades, China has led Africa’s mining sector, securing vast stakes in cobalt, lithium, copper, and iron ore. Now, African governments and civil society are challenging opaque contracts, environmental damage, and lack of value addition. The old “raw resources for infrastructure” model is giving way to demands for local processing, transparency, and economic sovereignty.… Continue reading Africa is challenging China’s mining hegemony

Animal Birth Control (ABC) Program

Why in the News? The Supreme Court has recently called returning sterilised stray dogs to the streets under the Animal Birth Control (ABC) Program as “unreasonable and absurd” and ordered they be moved to shelters. About Animal Birth Control (ABC) Program: Purpose: Humane, scientifically proven method to control stray dog populations and reduce rabies. Legal… Continue reading Animal Birth Control (ABC) Program

New Income Tax Bill, 2025

Why in the News? Parliament has passed the Income-tax Bill, 2025, replacing the 1961 law with a leaner, simpler version free of redundant provisions and archaic language, effective April 1, 2026. About New Income Tax Bill, 2025: Purpose: Replaces the Income Tax Act, 1961 after more than 60 years to simplify the law, remove redundant… Continue reading New Income Tax Bill, 2025

Orbiting Carbon Observatories (OCO) Program

Why in the News? The Trump administration seeks to end two NASA missions under the Orbiting Carbon Observatories (OCO) program, which monitor global carbon dioxide emissions and plant health. About Orbiting Carbon Observatories (OCO) Program: Overview: A NASA Earth remote sensing initiative dedicated to monitoring atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) from space. Objective: Designed to enhance… Continue reading Orbiting Carbon Observatories (OCO) Program

UNDP Equator Initiative Prize, 2025

Why in the News? A women farmers’ collective from Karnataka has been recognised among the ten global winners of the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) Equator Prize 2025. About UNDP Equator Initiative Award: Overview: Presented under the Equator Initiative of the UNDP. Awarded biennially:  To community-led initiatives reducing poverty through biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.… Continue reading UNDP Equator Initiative Prize, 2025

[13th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Clear the myths, recognise organ donation as a lifeline

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2018] Appropriate local community level healthcare intervention is a prerequisite to achieve ‘Health for All’ in India. Explain.         Linkage: Organ donation supports “Health for All” by requiring grassroots awareness, local leader engagement, and trained counsellors at PHCs to address myths and secure consent. Integrating it into programmes like Ayushman Bharat ensures equitable… Continue reading [13th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Clear the myths, recognise organ donation as a lifeline

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