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Pralay Missile

Why in the News? The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted two consecutive test flights of the Pralay missile from the Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Island off Odisha’s coast. About Pralay Missile: Developer: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), led by Research Centre Imarat (RCI) with Indian industry support. Purpose: Tactical surface-to-surface missile… Continue reading

National Population Register (NPR)

Why in the News? The Government of India recently clarified in the Lok Sabha that no final decision has been taken regarding the updation of the National Population Register (NPR) during the upcoming Population Census 2027. What is the National Population Register (NPR)? Overview: NPR is a register of “usual residents” in India—individuals who have… Continue reading

Sundarbans set to become India’s Second-Largest TR

Why in the News? The proposal to expand the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve by 1,100 sq km has received clearance from the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) and awaits approval from National Board for Wildlife (NBWL). About Sundarbans Tiger Reserve (STR): Location: Situated in South and North 24-Parganas districts, West Bengal; lies at the southern tip… Continue reading

[29th July 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Justice on hold: India’s courts are clogged

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2024] Explain and distinguish between Lok Adalats and Arbitration Tribunals. Whether they entertain civil as well as criminal cases ? Linkage: The article states that Lok Adalats, for instance, have successfully resolved over 27.5 crore cases between 2021 and March 2025, including pre-litigation and pending court cases. This question directly addresses Alternative… Continue reading

Lessons from past The Chola legacy includes good governance, not just grand temples

Why in the News? Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Tamil Nadu during the Aadi Thiruvathirai festival at Gangaikonda Cholapuram drew attention due to its subtle political messaging and focus on the legacy of the Chola dynasty, especially Rajendra Chola I. How can the Chola administration guide modern local governance? Land and Revenue Management: They… Continue reading

India-UK FTA

India and the United Kingdom (UK) announced the conclusion of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) after three years of formal talks. Both countries also agreed to negotiate a reciprocal Double Contributions Convention (DCC). DCC is a type of Social Security Agreement. o It will support business and trade by ensuring that employees moving between both… Continue reading

Divya Deshmukh becomes new Chess World Champion

Why in the News? Divya Deshmukh made history by becoming India’s first Women’s World Cup Champion and only the fourth Indian woman Grandmaster, defeating Koneru Humpy in the final at Batumi, Georgia. Major Achievements of Divya Deshmukh: 2025: Won the FIDE Women’s World Cup, defeating Koneru Humpy. Became India’s 4th woman Grandmaster. 2024: U-20 Girls’… Continue reading

Amrit Bharat Station Scheme (ABSS)

Why in the News? PM recently stated that 77 stations in Tamil Nadu are being redeveloped under the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme (ABSS), positioning the state as a hub for railway transformation. About the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme (ABSS): Launch: 2022 by the Ministry of Railways. Goal: Modernise and develop railway stations through phased, long-term upgrades. Master Plans:… Continue reading

Exercise ‘Bold Kurukshetra’, 2025

Why in the News? The 14th edition of the India–Singapore Joint Military Exercise — Exercise Bold Kurukshetra — commenced in Jodhpur. About Exercise ‘Bold Kurukshetra’ Launch Year: 2005, after the 2003 India–Singapore Defence Cooperation Agreement. Purpose: Strengthen bilateral defence ties, boost operational coordination, and enhance regional security. Frequency: Held annually or biannually, alternating between Indian… Continue reading

State of Food and Nutrition in the World (SOFI) 2025, Report

Why in the News? The 2025 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI) report highlights alarming levels of child malnutrition and anaemia among women in India. About the SOFI Report: Full Name: State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World Published by: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Fund for… Continue reading

[28th July 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: How is India preparing against GLOF events?

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2024] What is disaster resilience? How is it determined? Describe various elements of a resilience framework. Also mention the global targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030). Linkage: The article explicitly states that the NDMA has “markedly accelerated its efforts to manage these increasing risks” and initiated a “proactive… Continue reading

Understanding Russia’s Taliban gauntlet

Why in the News? On July 3, 2025, Russia officially recognised the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA), becoming one of the first major powers to do so since the Taliban’s return to power in 2021. This move follows the accreditation of the Taliban’s ambassador to Moscow, and marks a major shift in Russia’s Afghanistan policy,… Continue reading

Veer Parivar Sahayata Yojana

Why in the News? The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has launched the ‘Veer Parivar Sahayata Yojana’, aimed at improving legal aid for defence personnel and their families. Back2Basics: National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) Established under: Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 (in force from 1995) Mandate: Ensure free, competent legal aid to the socially and… Continue reading

Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) under POSH Act

Why in the News? A student in Odisha, died by suicide after her sexual harassment complaint was rejected by her college’s Internal Complaints Committee (ICC), showing the urgent need for stronger grievance systems. About Internal Complaints Committee (ICC): Legal Basis: Mandated under the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013… Continue reading

Artform in News: Soharai Mural Paintings

Why in the News? The second Kala Utsav 2025 at Rashtrapati Bhavan celebrated India’s tribal art, with artists from Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal showcasing Sohrai, Pattachitra, and Patua paintings. About Sohrai Paintings: Origin: Indigenous to Jharkhand, especially the Hazaribagh region. Etymology: Derived from ‘Soro’ meaning “to drive away with a stick.” Historical Roots: Traces… Continue reading

Novel Microscope observes Molecular Motion

Why in the News? Over a century after Einstein explained Brownian motion, California Institute of Technology (Caltech) scientists have created a powerful microscope that shows molecules moving in real time at an extremely tiny scale. What is Brownian Motion? Definition: Random movement of tiny particles in a fluid due to constant collisions with surrounding molecules.… Continue reading

Bamboo-Polymer Composite as alternative to Plastics

Why in the News? IIT Guwahati researchers have created a strong, eco-friendly material using bamboo and biodegradable plastic to replace regular plastic in car interiors and other uses. About the Bamboo-Polymer Composite: Origin: Made using Bambusa tulda, a fast-growing bamboo from Northeast India. Composition: Reinforced with bio-based and petroleum-based epoxies for strength. Objective: Reduce dependence… Continue reading

[26th July 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Kargil, Pahalgam and a revamp of the security strategy

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2016] The terms ‘Hot Pursuit’ and ‘Surgical Strikes’ are often used in connection with armed action against terrorist attacks. Discuss the strategic impact of such actions. Linkage: The article explicitly talks about the India’s shift in counter-terrorism strategy, mentioning the surgical strikes after the Uri attack (2016) and the Balakot strikes (2019)… Continue reading

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