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‘Blood Moon’ and Lunar Eclipse

Why in the News? Viewers across Asia, Australia, and parts of Africa witnessed a Blood Moon on 8th September, a spectacular form of total lunar eclipse visible. About Lunar Eclipse: Overview: Happens when Earth comes between Sun and Moon, blocking sunlight from reaching the Moon. Earth’s Shadow: Umbra: Dark central shadow, causes total or partial… Continue reading

100 years of the Self-Respect Movement in Tamil Nadu

Why in the News? This year marks the centenary of the Self-Respect Movement in Tamil Nadu, a transformative socio-political reform movement. About Self-Respect Movement: Overview: Started in 1925 by E.V. Ramasamy Periyar in Tamil Nadu after his exit from the Indian National Congress. Aim: To challenge Brahminical dominance, caste hierarchy, patriarchy, and blind religious practices;… Continue reading

New Horizons and Stellar Parallax Navigation

Why in the News? A recent study has showcased that spacecrafts can locate themselves using a simple stellar parallax method with just two nearby stars, without relying on Earth. What is Stellar Parallax? Overview: Stellar parallax is the apparent shift in a star’s position against background stars when observed from two different vantage points. Example:… Continue reading

In news: Apatani Tribe

Why in the News? The facial tattoos and wooden nose plugs of Apatani women in Arunachal Pradesh, banned in the 1970s, now survive only among older generations, giving them anthropological importance. About Apatani Tribe: Overview: A Scheduled Tribe (ST) concentrated in Ziro Valley, Lower Subansiri district, Arunachal Pradesh. Language: Part of the Tani linguistic group,… Continue reading

RNA–Amino Acid Link clues to Origin of Life

Why in the News? A recent study published in the Nature suggests that simple molecules called aminoacyl-thiols may have helped amino acids stick to RNA (ribonucleic acid) without enzymes, giving clues to how protein-making began on early Earth. About the RNA–Amino Acid Link: Discovery: Study showed that aminoacyl-thiols (simple prebiotic molecules) can attach amino acids… Continue reading

[6th Spetember 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: India’s Strategic autonomy in a multipolar world

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2014] With respect to the South China Sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affairs the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and even flight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and China. Linkage: India’s stance on the South China Sea highlights… Continue reading

Why Punjab keeps flooding

Introduction Punjab, often called the “food bowl of India,” is paradoxically one of the most flood-prone states in the country. Drained by three perennial rivers, the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej, along with seasonal tributaries and hill streams, Punjab has historically thrived on its fertile floodplains. Yet, the very rivers that make its land abundant also… Continue reading

A new leaf- environmental compliance needs to be monitored at all levels

Introduction India’s environmental regulation has long suffered from weak enforcement due to manpower and capacity deficits. The Environment Audit Rules, 2025 seek to fix this by authorising private accredited auditors to monitor compliance, ensuring industries and companies adhere to environmental norms and emerging frameworks like carbon accounting and green credits. Why in the News The… Continue reading

Technology Perspective and Capability Roadmap (TPCR-2025)

Why in the News? The Ministry of Defence has released the Technology Perspective and Capability Roadmap 2025 (TPCR-2025), a 15-year blueprint for military preparedness and modernization. About Technology Perspective and Capability Roadmap (TPCR-2025): Overview: A strategic modernization blueprint released by the Ministry of Defence to guide India’s Armed Forces for the next 10–15 years. Scope:… Continue reading

Thunderbird Reactor and Cold Fusion Research (2025)

Why in the News? Cold fusion reaction, once dismissed after failed 1989 claims, is back in discussion as US-based researchers report neutron production from their small “Thunderbird Reactor.” What is Cold Fusion Reaction? Overview: A proposed way to achieve nuclear fusion at room temperature, unlike conventional fusion which needs extremely high heat (100 million °C… Continue reading

[pib] Incentive Scheme to Promote Critical Mineral Recycling

Why in the News? The Union Cabinet approved a ₹1,500 crore Incentive Scheme to promote recycling of critical minerals from secondary sources such as e-waste and battery scrap. About Critical Mineral Recycling Incentive Scheme: Launch: Approved under the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM). Outlay: ₹1,500 crore over 6 years (FY 2025–26 to FY 2030–31). Objective:… Continue reading

Autonomous Weapons: Changing Geometrics of Battlefield ?

N4S India’s embrace of autonomous weapons marks a strategic leap in modern warfare, but it risks outpacing accountability and global norms. UPSC often asks internal security questions rooted in emerging threats – like the 2023 drone question-but aspirants often reduce drones to mere gadgets, missing deeper themes like AI warfare, border management, and strategic autonomy.… Continue reading

[5th September 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: GST 2.0 is a landmark in India’s Tax Journey

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2020] Explain the rationale behind the Goods and Services Tax (Compensation to States) Act of 2017. How has COVID-19 impacted the GST compensation fund and created new federal tensions? Linkage: The GST (Compensation to States) Act, 2017 was meant to assure states of revenue stability post-GST rollout, but COVID-19 strained the fund,… Continue reading

Should Commercial speech on digital platform be regulated

Introduction On August 25, 2025, the Supreme Court of India asked the Union government to frame guidelines for regulating social media content, noting that influencers often commercialise speech in ways that offend vulnerable groups. The case arose from derogatory remarks made by comedians about persons with Spinal Muscular Atrophy. While well-intentioned, the order has raised… Continue reading

India-China: the making of a border

Introduction The India–China boundary, stretching for about 3,488 km, is one of the longest disputed borders in the world. Unlike clearly demarcated international frontiers, this boundary runs through the Himalayas and remains unsettled in large parts. The two major areas of dispute are Aksai Chin in the western sector, occupied by China but claimed by… Continue reading

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)

Why in the News? The Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) has written to the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (RGI) to enumerate PVTGs separately in Census 2027. Who are the PVTGs? Overview: Sub-category of Scheduled Tribes (STs) marked by stagnant or declining population, geographical isolation, pre-agrarian subsistence, economic backwardness, and very low literacy.… Continue reading

In news: Strait of Malacca

Why in the News? Singapore’s PM has acknowledged India’s intent to join the Malacca Straits Patrol (currently undertaken by Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Singapore). About Strait of Malacca: Location: Narrow waterway in Southeast Asia, between the Malay Peninsula (northeast) and Sumatra, Indonesia (southwest). Length & Width: Extends about 800–900 km; width varies from 65 km… Continue reading

Centre approves creation of ‘Environment Auditors’

Why in the News? The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has introduced the Environment Audit Rules, 2025, creating an independent class of Environment Auditors. Who are the Environment Auditors? Overview: Independent, certified professionals comparable to Chartered Accountants, but for environmental compliance. Accreditation: Certification and registration granted by the Environment Audit Designated Agency… Continue reading

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