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Hornbill Festival 2025

Why in the news? The 26th edition of Nagaland’s iconic Hornbill Festival has begun with great enthusiasm, reaffirming its status as one of India’s most vibrant cultural events. The festival has grown into a major platform for showcasing the cultural diversity of Nagaland’s tribes and promoting tourism in the Northeast. What is the Hornbill Festival?  … Continue reading Hornbill Festival 2025

ED Notice to Kerala CM: KIIFB Masala Bonds Case 

Why in the news? The Enforcement Directorate’s (ED) notice to Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan and senior officials in the KIIFB masala bond case has revived debates on FEMA compliance, off-budget borrowings, and Centre–State fiscal relations. As local body polls approach, the issue has also acquired political significance. What is KIIFB?   Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund… Continue reading ED Notice to Kerala CM: KIIFB Masala Bonds Case 

India calls for Stronger Global Biosecurity at 50 Years of the BWC

Why in the news?  At the Conference on 50 Years of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) held in New Delhi, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar warned that global biological threats—natural, accidental, or deliberate are growing due to rapid scientific advances. He emphasised the rising risks of bioterrorism and highlighted structural weaknesses in the BWC. About… Continue reading India calls for Stronger Global Biosecurity at 50 Years of the BWC

India Expands Heron Mk II UAV Fleet

Why in the news?  In the aftermath of Operation Sindoor, the Indian Army, Air Force, and Navy have initiated emergency procurement of satellite-linked Heron Mk II Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) from Israel. This marks the first induction of Heron Mk II by the Indian Navy. What is Emergency Procurement? Covered under Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP).… Continue reading India Expands Heron Mk II UAV Fleet

Coup in Guinea-Bissau (2025)

Why in the news?  Guinea-Bissau, one of the world’s most coup-prone nations, witnessed yet another military takeover on 26 November 2025, overthrowing President Umaro Sissoco EmbalĂł. The coup was led by members of the Presidential Guard, marking the latest in a long line of disruptions to democratic governance in West Africa. Geography & Country Profile… Continue reading Coup in Guinea-Bissau (2025)

[2nd December 2025] The Hindu OpED: The new action plan on AMR needs a shot in the arm

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2014] Can overuse and free availability of antibiotics without Doctor’s prescription, be contributors to the emergence of drug-resistant diseases in India? What are the available mechanisms for monitoring and control? Critically discuss the various issues involved. Linkage: This PYQ directly mirrors the article’s focus on antibiotic misuse, OTC access, and weak regulatory… Continue reading [2nd December 2025] The Hindu OpED: The new action plan on AMR needs a shot in the arm

Why pollution affects north Indian cities more than south and west

Introduction Over 2015-2025, no northern Indian city recorded “safe” air quality even once, with Delhi emerging as the most polluted city. In contrast, cities in the south and west maintained comparatively better AQI levels. This consistent divergence reflects entrenched geographical, meteorological, and structural constraints that trap pollutants in the Indo-Gangetic Plain while aiding dispersion along… Continue reading Why pollution affects north Indian cities more than south and west

Why does India need bioremidiation

Introduction Bioremediation uses microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants to break down toxic pollutants like pesticides, plastics, heavy metals, and industrial chemicals into harmless by-products. With India experiencing severe air, water, and soil contamination, bioremediation provides a scalable and sustainable pathway to clean ecosystems. At the same time it will  generate opportunities in… Continue reading Why does India need bioremidiation

Svalbard

 Why in the News? Scientists recently observed an unexpected large gathering of walruses on the remote shores of Svalbard, indicating shifting wildlife behaviour in the Arctic due to changing climatic conditions. About Svalbard  Location A Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Lies between mainland Norway and the North Pole (about halfway). Northernmost permanent human settlement… Continue reading Svalbard

Khiamniungan Tribe

Why in the News? The Prime Minister of India recently mentioned the Khiamniungan tribe of Nagaland in his Mann Ki Baat episode, highlighting their traditional practice of cliff-honey hunting and rich cultural heritage. About the Khiamniungan Tribe One of the major Naga tribes inhabiting both: Eastern Nagaland (India) North-Western Myanmar Their homeland lies along the… Continue reading Khiamniungan Tribe

New Species of ‘Shadow’ Damselfly Discovered in Kodagu’s Western Ghats 

Why in the News? A new damselfly species, Protosticta sooryaprakashi, commonly called the Kodagu Shadowdamsel, has been discovered in the Western Ghats, Karnataka. The finding underscores the rich but still understudied biodiversity of the region. Species Details Common Name: Kodagu Shadowdamsel Scientific Name: Protosticta sooryaprakashi Family: Platystictidae (Shadowdamsels) Discovery Location Found along the Sampaje River… Continue reading New Species of ‘Shadow’ Damselfly Discovered in Kodagu’s Western Ghats 

[1st December 2025] The Hindu OpED: India needs research pipelines

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2024] What is the present world scenario of intellectual property rights with respect to life materials? Although India is second in the world to file patents, still only a few have been commercialized. Explain the reasons behind this less commercialization. Linkage: India’s weak research pipelines, unpredictable R&D funding, and poor industry-university linkages… Continue reading [1st December 2025] The Hindu OpED: India needs research pipelines

In the era of AI and climate change, energy policy must navigate the trade-offs

Introduction India’s energy policy historically prioritised universal access, affordability, and supply security, achieved through government-led institutions, public sector enterprises, and diversified import sources. However, climate change, AI-driven electricity demand, and the greening of global supply chains have disrupted this stable model. The new policy imperative is to navigate complex trade-offs between economic growth, technological innovation,… Continue reading In the era of AI and climate change, energy policy must navigate the trade-offs

How the rupee’s fall is ‘real’ this time

Introduction The rupee’s depreciation in late 2024 and 2025 has raised concerns not merely because of its nominal slide but because the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) also shows a downward trend. Unlike previous years, when inflation differentials kept the rupee “overvalued,” the REER for 2024-25 has fallen below 100, indicating undervaluation and revealing deeper… Continue reading How the rupee’s fall is ‘real’ this time

Project 17A | Delivery of ‘Taragiri’  

Why in the News? Taragiri, the fourth Nilgiri-class (Project 17A) indigenous stealth frigate, was delivered to the Indian Navy on 28 Nov 2025 by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd (MDL), Mumbai. About Taragiri (Yard 12653) Third P17A ship built by MDL. Named after the erstwhile INS Taragiri (Leander-class), which served 1980–2013. Represents major strides in Aatmanirbhar… Continue reading Project 17A | Delivery of ‘Taragiri’  

Samudrayaan Mission 

 Why in the News? Key tests for Samudrayaan, India’s first manned deep-ocean submersible, have been delayed due to the late procurement of syntactic foam cladding from France. The crucial 500-metre test dive is now expected by mid-2025 (around April). What is syntactic foam?  A special composite material made of hollow micro-balloons embedded in resin. Provides… Continue reading Samudrayaan Mission 

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