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World’s first ‘Supersolid’ created from Light

Why in the News? In a groundbreaking achievement, Italian researchers have successfully transformed light into a supersolid for the first time in history. About Supersolid A supersolid is a rare state of matter that behaves like both a solid and a liquid at the same time. While it maintains a rigid structure, similar to a… Continue reading

Six sites added to India’s tentative list by UNESCO’s World Heritage Centre

Why in the News? The Union Minister of Culture and Tourism has announced the addition of six sites to India’s tentative UNESCO World Heritage List. About the Sites Details Mudumal Megalithic Menhirs (Telangana) Located in Mudumal region, Nalgonda district, Telangana. Dates back to 1000 BCE to 500 BCE, associated with Iron Age. Famous for menhirs,… Continue reading

[17th March 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The challenges of public health education in India

PYQ Relevance: Q) “In a crucial domain like the public healthcare system, the Indian State should play a vital role to contain the adverse impact of marketisation of the system. Suggest some measures through which the State can enhance the reach of public healthcare at the grassroots level.” (2024) Reason: This question requires an understanding… Continue reading

Tackling the problem of nutrition

Why in the News? In the upcoming financial year, the government has increased funding for two key schemes—Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0. What are the key nutrition-related schemes that received higher allocations in Budget 2025? Saksham Anganwadi and POSHAN 2.0: Allocated ₹21,960 crore, up from ₹20,070.90 crore in the previous year, these initiatives aim to… Continue reading

India, New Zealand resume trade deal talks after decade

Why in the News? After nearly 10 years, India and New Zealand have resumed talks on a free trade agreement (FTA) to strengthen economic relations. What is the main objective of resuming India-New Zealand FTA negotiations? Enhancing Market Access & Trade Growth: The FTA aims to expand trade opportunities by reducing tariffs and trade barriers.… Continue reading

AI ACTION SUMMIT: How Can Governments Keep Up with AI Advancements

NOTE4STUDENTS: The article explains AI’s impact, ethics, sustainability, and global governance efforts. UPSC often frames AI-related questions in a multidisciplinary way. In GS-3, it links AI with healthcare, economy, or sustainability. In GS-4, it focuses on ethical concerns like fairness, privacy, and decision-making. Recent trends show a shift towards AI governance and its role in… Continue reading

Air Pollution will Lower India’s Solar Generation Capacity: Study

Why in the News? A new study by IIT Delhi, published in Environmental Research Letters (November 2024), reveals that air pollution and climate change are undermining solar panel efficiency in India. Key Findings of the IIT Delhi Study Efficiency Loss Forecast: Scenario 1 (Moderate climate efforts): Solar panel efficiency is projected to decline by more… Continue reading

Definition of ‘Tribe’ in India

Why in the News? At the recent Indian Anthropology Congress officials from the Anthropological Survey of India (AnSI) and National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) called for a shift in defining tribes. Instead of a rigid binary classification—tribe or not—they advocate for a “spectrum of tribalness”. About Scheduled Tribes (STs) STs are defined under Article… Continue reading

What Laws govern Import of Gold into India?

Why in the News? India is facing a rise in gold smuggling due to higher global gold prices, with a recent high-profile case where an actor was arrested for smuggling over 14 kg of gold from Dubai to Bengaluru. Laws Against Gold Smuggling in India: Gold smuggling is regulated by the Customs Act, 1962. Sections… Continue reading

International Criminal Court (ICC)

Why in the News? The International Criminal Court (ICC) has taken into custody former Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte on charges of crimes against humanity, linked to his infamous “war on drugs”. About the International Criminal Court (ICC) The ICC is the world’s first permanent international court established to prosecute individuals responsible for the gravest crimes… Continue reading

[UPSC Webinar] By IPS Chandrakanth Reddy, AIR 120 (UPSC 2020) | How I Scored 110+ in UPSC Prelims Consistently in 6 Attempts | Get Important Microthemes for Prelims | Join 17th March, 8PM

Register for the session to get complete UPSC Prelims preparation plan and strategy Read about IPS Chandrakanth’s UPSC Prelims Webinar The last 70 days remain for the UPSC Prelims 2025, and aspirants from all backgrounds are gearing up for this crucial phase. Prelims is vast and unpredictable, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach to cracking… Continue reading

[15th March 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Modern day summitry, its perils and its prospects

PYQ Relevance: Q) The West is fostering India as an alternative to reduce dependence on China’s supply chain and as a strategic ally to counter China’s political and economic dominance.’ Explain this statement with examples. (2023) Mentor’s Comment: This question focused on India’s strategic positioning and alliances with the West, relates to the broader context… Continue reading

A voluntary mandate: On the APAAR student ID

Why in the News? The Ministry of Education introduced the Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR) ID to digitally store each student’s academic records, providing a single, reliable source of their educational history throughout their life in India. Should the APAAR ID be imposed without a legal framework in place? Violation of Right to Privacy:… Continue reading

Crowd Control in India Are We Doing Enough to Prevent Stampedes

NOTE4STUDENTS: Stampedes are chaotic, dangerous, and often preventable. This article explores their causes, impacts, and preventive strategies, helping aspirants analyze UPSC questions on disaster management. UPSC often asks questions that test analytical thinking. Instead of asking for definitions, it frames scenarios. The 2013 question on vulnerability and risk assessment in disaster management is a perfect… Continue reading

India’s 1st Exploration Licence Auction for Critical Minerals

Why in the News? Union Coal and Mines Minister has launched the first-ever auction of Exploration Licences (ELs) for 13 critical mineral blocks. About the Critical Minerals Exploration Policy India’s Critical Minerals Policy is designed to reduce import dependence, boost domestic production, and ensure secure access to essential minerals required for modern technology, defense, and… Continue reading

Bird Flu is Spreading in Bihar

Why in the News? Bihar is currently facing a bird flu outbreak, yet the state lacks a dedicated testing facility for confirming cases. What is H5N1 Bird Flu? H5N1 (Avian Influenza A) is a highly contagious virus affecting birds and some mammals. It was first detected in China in 1996 and has since spread globally,… Continue reading

Aditya-L1 Mission: Scientists observe a Flareless Coronal Mass Ejection

Why in the News? India’s first solar mission, Aditya-L1, has made a significant scientific observation—a flareless Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) using the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) Payload. About Flareless Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) A Flareless CME is a solar eruption that occurs without an associated solar flare. Unlike typical CMEs, which are often linked… Continue reading

Centre makes ‘Quantum Hub’ operational

Why in the News? The Government of India has launched four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) for quantum computing research, with Uttar Pradesh receiving the highest allocation of ₹28.7 crore for quantum technology development in FY 2024-25, followed by Karnataka, Maharashtra, Delhi, and Tamil Nadu. About the Quantum Hubs Quantum Hubs, also known as Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs),… Continue reading

The gender budget — bigger allocations, little impact

Why in the News? The Union Budget 2025-26 has increased funding for women-centric schemes to ₹4.49 lakh crore, a 37.25% rise from ₹3.27 lakh crore in the previous year. This increase remains significant even after accounting for an estimated inflation rate of 3.61%. What are the major reasons for the underutilisation of funds allocated under… Continue reading

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