Explanation:

The expression ‘contempt of court’ has not been defined by the Constitution.
As per the Contempt of Courts Act 1971, contempt refers to the offence of showing disrespect to the dignity or authority of a court.
The act divides contempt into civil and criminal contempt.
Civil contempt: It is willful disobedience to any judgment, decree, direction, order, writ or other processes of a court or wilful breach of an undertaking given to the court.
Criminal contempt: It is any publication which may result in:
Scandalising the court by lowering its authority.
Interference in the due course of a judicial proceeding.
An obstruction in the administration of justice.
However, innocent publication and distribution of some matter, fair and reasonable criticism of judicial acts and comment on the administrative side of the judiciary do not amount to contempt of court.
Constitutional Background
Article 129: Grants Supreme Court the power to punish for contempt of itself.
Article 142(2): Enables the Supreme Court to investigate and punish any person for its contempt.
Article 215: Grants every High Court the power to punish for contempt of itself.

Explanation:

Governor’s Discretionary Powers

The governor can use his/her discretionary powers:

When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has the discretion to choose a candidate for the chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.
He can impose president’s rule.
He submits reports on his own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.
He can withhold his assent to a bill and send it to the president for his approval.
During emergency rule per Article 353, he can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.

Explanation:

Kashmir saffron
It is cultivated and harvested in the Karewa (highlands) in some regions of Kashmir, including Pulwama, Budgam, Kishtwar and Srinagar.
It is a very precious and costly product. Iran is the largest producer of saffron and India is a close competitor.
It rejuvenates health and is used in cosmetics and for medicinal purposes.
It has been associated with traditional Kashmiri cuisine and represents the rich cultural heritage of the region.
Saffron cultivation is believed to have been introduced in Kashmir by Central Asian immigrants around 1st Century BCE. In ancient Sanskrit literature, saffron is referred to as ‘bahukam’.
3 Types
The saffron available in Kashmir is of three types —

‘Lachha Saffron’, with stigmas just separated from the flowers and dried without further processing;
‘Mongra Saffron’, in which stigmas are detached from the flower, dried in the sun and processed traditionally; and
‘Guchhi Saffron’, which is the same as Lachha, except that the latter’s dried stigmas are packed loosely in air-tight containers while the former has stigmas joined together in a bundle tied with a cloth thread
Whats’ so special about Kashmir Saffron?
The unique characteristics of Kashmir saffron are its longer and thicker stigmas, natural deep-red colour, high aroma, bitter flavour, chemical-free processing, and high quantity of crocin (colouring strength), safranal (flavour) and picrocrocin (bitterness).
It is the only saffron in the world grown at an altitude of 1,600 m to 1,800 m AMSL (above mean sea level), which adds to its uniqueness and differentiates it from other saffron varieties available the world over.

Explanation:

Highlights of the report:

Maximum Net Gains- The top 10 countries that have recorded the maximum average annual net gains in a forest area during 2010-2020 are China, Australia, India, Chile, Vietnam, Turkey, the United States, France, Italy and Romania.
Among the continents, the Asian continent reported the highest net gain in the forest area in 2010-2020. It recorded 1.17 million hectares (ha) per year net increase in forests in the last decade.
The South Asia sub-region reported net forest losses during 1990-2020.

Status of India:

India among top 10 countries gaining forest area in the world, as of now, India accounts for two per cent of total global forest area.
India reported 0.38 per cent annual gain in the forest or 266,000 ha of forest increase every year at an average.
The FRA 2020 has credited the government’s Joint Forest Management programme for the significant increase in community-managed forest areas in the Asian continent.
The forest area managed by local, tribal and indigenous communities in India increased from zero in 1990 to about 25 million ha in 2015.
However, the naturally regenerating forest rate is disappointing, according to the assessment. It is also an indicator of the policies that India is pursuing.
India reported maximum employment in the forestry sector in the world

Explanation:  Correct matching of the Regions and Country are:

Catalonia – Spain

Crimea – Ukraine

Mindanao – Philippines

Oromia – Ethiopia