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M Venkaiah Naidu writes: L K Advani, a leader who never craved power
Central Idea:
The article praises Lal Krishna Advani’s significant contributions to Indian public life, emphasizing his role in promoting Indian civilizational values, correcting historical distortions, and fostering national unity. It highlights his quiet yet effective leadership, dedication to a new India, and his instrumental role in the formation and growth of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The author commends the government’s decision to confer the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, on Advani.
Key Highlights:
- Advani’s life mission focused on promoting the glory of Indian thought and building a modern, united nation.
- His extensive travels and yatras played a crucial role in shaping public opinion on critical issues.
- Instrumental in founding the BJP, Advani, along with Atal Bihari Vajpayee, contributed to the party’s remarkable rise.
- Advani’s commitment to a new India, drawing strength from its past and rising to its potential, is highlighted.
- He vehemently opposed historical distortions, pseudo-secularism, and advocated for the right spirit of secularism and nationalism.
Key Challenges: The article does not explicitly mention challenges. However, it may be inferred that Advani faced challenges in steering Indian thought away from historical distortions and in promoting a vision of nationalism that unifies all Indians.
Key Terms/Phrases:
- Bharat Ratna: India’s highest civilian award.
- Yatras: Extensive travels or journeys for a specific purpose, often used in the context of political or religious outreach.
- BJP: Bharatiya Janata Party, a prominent political party in India.
- Pseudo-secularism: The article criticizes false narratives and distortions in presenting the concept of secularism.
- Rath Yatra: A chariot procession, referring to Advani’s national movement in 1990.
- Ram Mandir: Refers to the recently consecrated temple dedicated to Lord Ram.
Key Quotes/Statements:
- “Advaniji emerged as one of the leading voices of India during the 70 years of his public life.”
- “His life’s mission has been to create awareness about the glory of Indian thought and build a modern united nation.”
- “He spared no effort to correct historical distortions and insults to the idea of India.”
- “Advaniji is more a man of deeds and less of words.”
Key Examples and References:
- Advani’s role in launching a Rath Yatra from Somnath in 1990.
- The successful partnership between Advani and Atal Bihari Vajpayee in founding and expanding the BJP.
- Reference to the recently consecrated Ram Mandir and Advani’s contribution to unleashing the power of nationalism.
Key Facts/Data:
- Advani’s public life spanning 70 years.
- The BJP’s parliamentary performance in 1984 and its subsequent rise to a national political force.
- Advani’s role as the Home Minister and efforts to fortify internal security.
Critical Analysis:
The article presents a positive and appreciative view of Advani’s contributions, emphasizing his commitment to Indian values, secularism, and nationalism. It portrays him as a quiet yet effective leader, focusing on tangible results. The author applauds the government’s decision to confer the Bharat Ratna on Advani.
Way Forward:
The article does not explicitly suggest a way forward. However, it implies that Advani’s legacy will endure through the principles and morals he upheld, the leaders he mentored, and the impact of his contributions on shaping the idea of India.
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Micro-credentials, the next chapter in higher education
Central Idea:
The article advocates for a more active role of Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) in India to enhance students’ employability by incorporating micro-credentials, short-duration learning activities validating specific skills. It emphasizes the need to bridge the gap between traditional education and current job requirements, highlighting the flexibility and accessibility of micro-credentials. The evolving hiring practices, prioritizing skills over degrees, further reinforce the significance of these short-duration learning programs.
Key Highlights:
- Micro-Credentials Definition: Short-duration learning activities proving specific outcomes, offering flexibility for learners.
- Changing Hiring Practices: Shift towards prioritizing skills over degrees in recruitment.
- Industry Players: Various organizations and universities globally providing micro-credentials.
- National Credit Framework (NCrF): In India, a framework outlining learning outcomes and credits for progression.
- Quality Benchmarking: The importance of ensuring consistent quality standards and regulations for micro-credentials.
- Trust Building: Reliable assessment methods critical to fostering trust in micro-credentials.
- Potential Impact: Micro-credentials as a valuable addition to traditional education, enhancing students’ skills.
Key Challenges:
- Quality Assurance: Ensuring consistent quality in micro-credentials to prevent divergence in learning outcomes.
- Regulation: The need for clear regulations to facilitate recognition and endorsement in workplaces and educational institutes.
- Assessment Methods: Developing reliable assessment methods critical for establishing trust in micro-credentials.
Key Terms and Phrases:
- Micro-Credentials: Short-duration learning activities proving specific outcomes.
- National Credit Framework (NCrF): Framework in India outlining learning outcomes and credits.
- Just-in-Time Skills: Acquiring skills when needed, addressing the gap between traditional education and current job requirements.
Key Quotes:
- “Hiring practices are changing, with a tendency to prioritize skills over degrees.”
- “Micro-credentials are evolving as the new normal in higher education.”
Key Statements:
- The article asserts the need for HEIs to play a more active role in enhancing students’ employability.
- Micro-credentials are presented as a disruptive solution to bridge the knowledge gap between traditional education and job requirements.
Key Examples and References:
- Atingi, Alison.com, Credly, Coursera, edX, FutureLearn, Google, Linkedin, Microsoft, PwC, and Udacity are mentioned as organizations providing micro-credentials.
- Reference to the National Credit Framework (NCrF) in India as a guideline for learning outcomes and credits.
Key Facts and Data:
- The National Education Policy 2020 focuses on providing skilled education from school to higher levels.
- Micro-credentials can be one to five credit short modules, aligning with the NCrF.
Critical Analysis:
The article underscores the evolving nature of education and employment, recognizing the importance of skills over traditional degrees. It emphasizes the potential of micro-credentials in addressing these shifts and encourages collaboration between HEIs and industries.
Way Forward:
- Collaboration: Encourage collaboration between HEIs and industries for the development of credit-based micro-credentials.
- Regulation: Establish clear regulations to harmonize micro-credentials with existing academic programs.
- Quality Assurance: Ensure consistent quality in micro-credentials through reliable assessment methods.
- Awareness: Raise awareness among students and employers about the value of micro-credentials in enhancing skills and employability.
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The path towards a pluralist civil society
Central Idea:
The article explores the importance of the phrase “We the People” in the Indian Constitution’s Preamble, emphasizing the need to understand popular sovereignty as a dynamic force rather than a static concept. It delves into the role of different spheres within civil society, highlighting the contrast between the elite public sphere and the non-elite counter-sphere. The article draws on the perspectives of constitutional scholar Sarbani Sen, B.R. Ambedkar, and Mahatma Gandhi to underscore the significance of inclusive dialogue, empathy, and a pluralist civil society for the true realization of constitutional principles.
Key Highlights:
- Controversy over the omission of ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ in copies of the Indian Constitution during Parliament’s inaugural session.
- Emphasis on the revolutionary potential of the Constitution rooted in the spirit of “We the People.”
- The distinction between the elite public sphere and the non-elite counter-sphere in civil society.
- Recognition of the powerful democratic assertions from movements and groups outside the traditional elite sphere.
- B.R. Ambedkar’s framing of the Preamble and his emphasis on morality as a governing principle.
- Gandhi’s concept of ‘Swaraj’ as a creative process of self-realization and the importance of dialogue and empathy.
Key Challenges:
- Inertia of the elite public sphere in addressing challenges to constitutional governance.
- The tendency to marginalize non-elite counter-sphere movements as “sectional” or emotional.
- Potential loss of liberatory potential if the counter-sphere is not given equal standing in civil society.
- The need to move beyond chauvinistic pride and engage in honest, introspective dialogue.
Key Terms:
- Popular Sovereignty
- Elite Public Sphere
- Non-elite Counter-sphere
- Swaraj
- Satyagraha
- Deliberative Democracy
Key Phrases:
- “We the People”
- “Counterbalancing the state”
- “Radically democratic forms of popular assertions”
- “Sovereignty of the political community”
- “Liberty, equality, and fraternity”
- “Empathetic engagement with the concerns of others”
- “Inclusive dialogue”
- “Plural civil society”
Key Quotes:
- “Without equality, liberty would produce the supremacy of the few over the many.” – B.R. Ambedkar
- “Swaraj… a creative process of self-realization through which one might reach out towards a more secure and substantive plane of freedom and equality.” – Ajay Skaria
- “Every self is deeply fissured, and sovereignty is ubiquitous, always exercised everyday by the self.” – Ajay Skaria
Key Statements:
- The Constitution’s revolutionary potential lies in the spirit of popular sovereignty.
- Inclusivity and equal standing of all communities are crucial for a plural civil society.
- The liberal public sphere has been inert in the face of challenges to constitutional governance.
Key Examples and References:
- Una agitation by Dalits
- Pathalgadi movement of tribals in Jharkhand
- Farmers’ movements in Punjab and Haryana
- Nationwide protests by Muslims against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act
Key Facts and Data:
- Controversy during the inaugural session of the new Parliament over the omission of ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ in the Constitution copies.
- Reference to the book “The Constitution of India: Popular Sovereignty and Democratic Transformations” by Sarbani Sen.
Critical Analysis:
- The article critiques the inertia of the elite public sphere in addressing constitutional challenges.
- It highlights the potential danger of marginalizing non-elite counter-sphere movements as emotional or sectional.
- Emphasis on the need for honest and introspective dialogue for a pluralist civil society.
Way Forward:
- Advocate for an inclusive and plural civil society that recognizes the equal standing of all communities.
- Promote empathetic engagement and dialogue to foster mutual understanding.
- Encourage active participation in civil society, especially from non-elite counter-sphere movements.
- Stress the importance of moral principles in governance and societal interactions.
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Can India become a $7 Trillion Economy by 2030?
Introduction
- The Indian government’s recent review of the economy has set an ambitious target of achieving a $7 trillion economy by 2030.
- This article analyzes the feasibility of this goal and explores the factors that contribute to India’s economic outlook.
$7 Trillion Economy: Key Findings
- Robust Growth: The review expects India to sustain a growth rate of 7% or higher in the fiscal years 2023-24 and beyond.
- Economic Strengths: The government highlights significant strengths, including substantial infrastructure investments, a healthy financial sector, strong household finances, comfortable forex reserves, controlled inflation, and a decreasing fiscal deficit.
- $7 Trillion Vision: Based on these factors, the review envisions India reaching a $7 trillion economy by 2030.
India’s Economic Journey
- Historic Growth: India took 60 years to reach a $1 trillion economy (2007-08), achieved $2 trillion in just seven years (2014-15), and surpassed $3 trillion by 2021-22.
- Current Status: India is now the world’s fifth-largest economy, with a GDP estimated to reach $3.7 trillion by the end of 2023-24.
Obstacles to Rapid Growth
- Slower Growth Phase: After a period of rapid growth, India’s economy began to decelerate post-2014, exacerbated by events such as demonetization in 2016 and the pandemic-induced contraction.
- Ambitious Targets: India had set ambitious targets of becoming a $5 trillion economy by 2024-25 and a $10 trillion economy by 2029-30, but achieving them will require overcoming challenges.
- Growth Rate Hurdle: To reach a $7 trillion economy by 2030, India must achieve a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.9% from 2023-24 to 2029-30, compared to the expected CAGR of 6.7% from 2013-14 to 2023-24.
Challenges Ahead
- Global Economic Trends: Developed economies are facing declining growth due to inflation and environmental concerns, which could affect India’s export prospects.
- Protectionism: Increasing protectionism in the global trade landscape poses challenges for India’s export-oriented growth.
- Geo-Political Uncertainties: Geo-political tensions can fuel inflation and hinder economic growth, presenting additional hurdles.
Conclusion
- While India’s economic potential remains substantial, achieving a $7 trillion economy by 2030 is a formidable challenge.
- The nation must navigate global economic shifts, tackle protectionist policies, and address geo-political uncertainties to realize this ambitious vision.
- Success will require sustained efforts and innovative strategies to drive economic growth and resilience.
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Multidimensional Poverty in India: A Decade of Progress
Introduction
- Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced in her Interim Budget speech that 25 crore Indians were lifted out of poverty over the past decade.
- This remarkable achievement reflects the government’s commitment to inclusivity.
Data from NITI Aayog’s Discussion Paper
- NITI Aayog’s Insight: The data comes from a discussion paper titled “Multidimensional Poverty in India Since 2005-06,” authored by Ramesh Chand and Yogesh Suri from NITI Aayog, with inputs from the UNDP and OPHI.
- Decline in Multidimensional Poverty: The paper reveals that multidimensional poverty in India reduced from 29.17% in 2013-14 to 11.28% in 2022-23, with around 24.82 crore individuals escaping poverty during this period.
- State-Level Impact: Uttar Pradesh topped the list with 5.94 crore individuals escaping poverty, followed by Bihar at 3.77 crore and Madhya Pradesh at 2.30 crore.
Understanding the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
- A Novel Approach: MPI differs from traditional poverty measures, incorporating health, education, and living standards. These three dimensions each hold one-third weight in the index.
- Indicators: MPI uses 10 indicators, including nutrition, child mortality, education, housing, and access to basic amenities, offering a comprehensive view of poverty.
- India’s Unique MPI: India’s MPI includes additional indicators focusing on maternal health and access to bank accounts, aligning it with national priorities.
Calculating MPI
- Identifying “MPI Poor”: If an individual is deprived in at least one-third of the 10 weighted indicators, they are considered “MPI poor.”
- Three Key Calculations: MPI requires three calculations:
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- Incidence of Multidimensional Poverty (H): The proportion of MPI poor individuals in the population.
- Intensity of Poverty (A): The average proportion of deprivation experienced by MPI poor individuals.
- MPI Value: Obtained by multiplying H and A, revealing the share of weighted deprivations faced by MPI poor individuals.
Data Sources and Estimations
- Health Metrics: Data for health indicators relies on the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), conducted every five years. The last round covered the 2019-21 period.
- Calculating MPI for 2012-13 and 2022-23: The paper used interpolation for 2013-14 estimates and extrapolation for 2022-23, enabling a comparison of poverty and deprivation trends.
Conclusion
- The reduction in multidimensional poverty over the last decade signifies the government’s dedication to inclusive development, improving the lives of millions of Indians.
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Will Europe ever return ‘Looted’ Asian Artifacts?
Introduction
- European museums have faced increasing pressure to return cultural artifacts to their countries of origin.
- The restitution of these artifacts carries significant implications for diplomacy and international relations.
France’s Pledge and Precedent
- France’s Commitment: President Emmanuel Macron pledged support during the visit of Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet to return Khmer artifacts and expand the National Museum of Cambodia.
- First European Leader: Macron became the first European leader to address demands for the return of looted antiquities in 2017, emphasizing France’s commitment to restoring cultural heritage.
Cases of Repatriation
- Musee Guimet’s Return: France’s National Museum of Asian art, Musee Guimet, agreed to return a seventh-century Khmer statue to Cambodia, taken during the colonial era.
- Global Initiatives: Germany and France allocated funds for reviewing African heritage objects, possibly signaling similar efforts for Asian artifacts.
- The Met’s Decision: The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York pledged to return sculptures to Cambodia and Thailand, setting a precedent for other institutions.
Legal Basis and Challenges
- UNESCO Convention: 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property
- Non-binding: It is a key legal framework for repatriation, but it doesn’t apply retrospectively to colonial-era looting.
- National Legislation: Some countries, like Austria, are proposing national laws for returning objects acquired during colonialism.
Reasons for repatriation
- Soft Power Benefits: Repatriation can enhance a nation’s soft power, showcasing a commitment to international law, reconciliation, and better relations with affected countries.
- Rebranding Opportunity: Returning artifacts is seen as an opportunity for Western governments to rebrand and mend historical wrongs, especially in regions like Southeast Asia.
- EU’s Role: The European Parliament discusses the need for recognizing and addressing colonial legacies and restitution, potentially creating a permanent EU body on restorative justice.
- Cooperation is Key: To gain recognition similar to the United States, European museums need to cooperate openly with the governments of the regions from which the artifacts originated.
Conclusion
- The return of cultural artifacts taken during colonialism is not only a legal and ethical issue but also a diplomatic endeavor.
- European museums that engage in proactive repatriation efforts can build goodwill, foster cooperation, and enhance their soft power on the global stage.
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Uttarakhand readies Final UCC draft
Introduction
- Uttarakhand is taking important steps to implement a Uniform Civil Code (UCC).
- The state has received the final report from a committee, which is a significant move towards fulfilling its commitment to equality and justice.
Tap to read everything about Uniform Civil Code:
Uttarakhand UCC
- Expert Committee: Uttarakhand appointed a committee, led by retired Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai, to draft the UCC.
- In the State Assembly: The UCC report will be presented in the State Assembly on February 5 for discussion. It will go through a detailed review before becoming law.
Key Recommendations
- Gender Equality: The final UCC draft focuses on achieving gender equality and removing unfairness in various areas, including property rights and adoption rules.
- Language Choice: Notably, the UCC draft is around 750 pages long, entirely written in Hindi, without any Urdu or other languages.
- Protection of Tribal Community: The report suggests that the tribal community should not be included in the UCC. Their specific needs and concerns will be addressed separately.
Ensuring Equal Rights
- Ban on Regressive Practices: The UCC draft recommends strong punishments for practices like triple talaq, iddat, and halala, which relate to marriage and divorce in Muslim personal law. It also proposes banning polygamy and polyandry.
- Legalizing Live-In Relationships: The draft suggests making live-in relationships legal, with mandatory registration for such couples.
- Equal Inheritance Rights: Women are granted the same rights as men when it comes to inheritance under the proposed UCC.
- Minimum Marriage Age: The UCC draft suggests setting the minimum age for women’s marriage at 21 years.
Conclusion
- Uttarakhand’s efforts to establish a Uniform Civil Code demonstrate its commitment to ensuring equal rights and justice for all.
- The careful drafting process, inclusive approach, and strong recommendations underscore the state’s determination to promote gender equality and eliminate regressive practices.
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How Political Parties are created in India?
Introduction
- Tamil superstar Thalapathy Vijay’s announcement of his political party has sparked interest in the process of registering political entities in India.
Creating a Political Party
- Legal Framework: Article 324 of the Indian Constitution and Section 29A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 empower the Election Commission to lay down guidelines for party registration.
- Application: A party seeking registration must apply to the Election Commission within 30 days of its formation.
- Public Notice: The applicant must publish the proposed party name in two national and two local daily newspapers. The notice is also posted on the Election Commission’s website.
- Documentation: The application, in a prescribed format, must be sent to the Election Commission Secretary within 30 days of party formation. It should include a demand draft of Rs. 10,000, a printed copy of the party’s memorandum, rules, or constitution, and the latest electoral rolls for at least 100 party members.
- Affidavits: An affidavit, duly signed by the President or General Secretary and sworn before a Magistrate/Notary Public, is required. Additionally, individual affidavits from 100 members confirming non-membership in any other registered political party are essential.
Need for Registration
- Not Mandatory: Registration with the Election Commission is not mandatory but comes with advantages under the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
- Symbol Allotment: Registered party candidates receive priority in the allotment of free symbols over independent candidates.
- State or National Recognition: Parties can achieve recognition as ‘state parties’ or ‘national parties,’ subject to fulfilling conditions laid out in the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968.
Recognition Criteria
- State Party: To be recognized as a state party, a registered party must meet any of these five conditions:
- Secure at least 6% of valid votes and win at least 2 seats in an Assembly General Election.
- Secure at least 6% of valid votes and win at least 1 seat in a Lok Sabha General Election.
- Win at least 3% of the seats or at least 3 seats, whichever is more, in an Assembly General Election.
- Win at least 1 out of every 25 seats from a state in a Lok Sabha General Election.
- Secure at least 8% of the total valid vote in an Assembly or Lok Sabha General Election.
- National Party: To attain national party status, a registered party must meet any of these three conditions:
- Secure at least 6% of valid votes in an Assembly or Lok Sabha General Election in four or more states and win at least 4 seats in a Lok Sabha General Election from any state.
- Win at least 2% of total Lok Sabha seats in a Lok Sabha General Election, spanning at least 3 states.
- The party is recognized as a State Party in at least four states.
Benefits of Recognition
- Reserved Symbol: State parties receive a reserved symbol within the state, while national parties can use the reserved symbol across the country.
- Nomination Ease: Such parties require only one proposer for filing nominations.
- Free Electoral Rolls: They are entitled to two sets of electoral rolls free of cost.
- Media Access: Recognized parties can use state-owned Akashvani/Doordarshan facilities for broadcasting/telecasting during general elections.
- Additional Perks: Recognized parties can avail of other advantages such as subsidized land for party offices, among others.
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22nd Law Commission recommends retaining Criminal Defamation
Introduction
- The 22nd Law Commission has recommended retaining criminal defamation as an offence in the new legal framework of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita.
- The Law Commission’s report highlights the importance of protecting an individual’s reputation, grounded in Article 21 of the Constitution, which safeguards the right to life and personal liberty.
Key Recommendations: Upholding Reputation
- Invisible Asset: Reputation, a valuable asset, cannot be seen but is diligently built over a lifetime and can be tarnished in an instant.
- Essence of Protection: The jurisprudence around criminal defamation laws is rooted in the essence of safeguarding one’s reputation.
- Balancing Act: While acknowledging that criminal defamation might seem contradictory to freedom of speech and expression, the Law Commission suggests treading carefully.
- Harmful Speech: The Commission advises that speech should only be deemed illegal when it intends substantial harm, and when such harm becomes a reality.
What is Criminal Defamation?
- Defamation: Defamation entails the act of publishing damaging content that diminishes an individual’s or entity’s reputation, from the viewpoint of an ordinary person. In India, defamation is both a civil and criminal offense.
- Sections 499 and 500: These sections in the Indian Penal Code address criminal defamation. Section 499 defines the offense, while Section 500 outlines the associated punishment.
Arguments in Favor of Retaining Criminal Defamation
- Protection of Reputation: An individual’s reputation, an integral part of Article 21, is as vital as free speech.
- Balancing Act: The right to free speech (Article 19(1)(a)) must be balanced against the right to reputation (Article 21).
- Inadequate Compensation: Monetary compensation in civil defamation may not proportionately compensate for reputation harm.
- Editorial Responsibility: Editors bear the responsibility for published content, with significant consequences for individuals and the nation.
- Counteracting Online Defamation: In the absence of an effective internet censorship mechanism, criminalizing defamation is a necessary safeguard.
- State’s Interest: Criminalizing defamation is part of the state’s compelling interest to protect citizens’ dignity and reputation.
Arguments against Retaining
- Chilling Effect: Criminal defamation may have a chilling effect on free speech, with a lower threshold for prosecution than civil damages.
- Media Freedom: Freedom of speech and media expression is crucial for vibrant democracies, and the threat of prosecution can stifle truth.
- Misinterpretation of Dissent: Dissent may be misconstrued as unpalatable criticism, leading to imprisonment under Sections 499 and 500 of IPC.
- Collective Reputation: The right to reputation cannot extend to collectives like the government, which can rectify reputational damage.
- Redundancy: Since civil defamation remedies exist, retaining criminal defamation may serve little purpose except coercion and harassment.
- Global Trend: Many nations, including neighbouring Sri Lanka and the UK, have decriminalized defamation.
- International Perspective: The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights urges states to abolish criminal defamation as it intimidates citizens and deters exposing wrongdoing.
Conclusion
- Criminal defamation cases have been used to suppress investigative journalism, hindering democratic accountability.
- Criminal defamation should not be misused by the state, especially as the Code of Criminal Procedure gives public servants an advantage.
- Interim measures can ensure fair proceedings and prevent excessive penalties.
Back2Basics: Law Commission of India
Details Establishment An executive body established by the Government of India, with the first commission established in 1955. Tenure Each Law Commission serves a term of three years. Function Acts as an advisory body to the Ministry of Law and Justice for legal reforms in India. Recommendations The recommendations made by the Law Commission are not binding. Historical Background The first Law Commission was established during the British Raj in 1834 by the Charter Act of 1833. First Chairman The first Chairman of the Law Commission was Macaulay, who recommended the codification of laws. Composition Typically consists of a full-time Chairperson, full-time Members, ex-officio Members, and part-time Members. Terms of Reference Undertakes research and reviews of existing laws, recommends reforms, and studies justice delivery systems. Major Reforms The Law Commission played a pivotal role in suggesting key enactments like the Indian Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code. Role in Legal Reforms Serves as both an advisory and critical body, with its recommendations often influencing legal reforms in India. Supreme Court References The Supreme Court has referred to the work of the Law Commission and followed its recommendations in various cases. Promotion of Accountability Aims to promote an accountable and citizen-friendly government, transparency, and the right to information.