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Important Schemes Regarding MSME Sectors

06th Oct 2021

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Credit Guarantee Trust Fund for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE)

What is CGTMSE?

CGTMSE is a fund which provides a guarantee for loans given to MSEs i.e. in case borrowers fails to give back loans, the bank will get their money from this fund.
It is a Central Government program to promote MSMEs.
Government has increased corpus of fund from Rs 2500 crore to Rs 7500 crore
Now loans given by NBFCs can also be covered under this fund

Udyami Mitra’ portal

Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) has revamped its Udyami Mitra with enhanced features.
The portal was launched to improve the accessibility of credit for the MSMEs.
It helps MSMEs for submission of loan applications which can be picked up by multiple lenders.
It aims at bringing in transparency in the processing of loans by the banks.
Now non-banking finance companies and small finance banks are being on-boarded on the platform for enhancing the flow of credit to MSMEs.
Under the new capitalisation plan, banks will have to compete for loans through the revamped udyamimitra portal.

A Scheme for Promotion of Innovation, Rural Industry and Entrepreneurship (ASPIRE)

ASPIRE has been launched on 16.03.2015 with an objective to set up a network of technology centres, incubation centres to accelerate entrepreneurship and also to promote start-ups for innovation and entrepreneurship in the rural and agriculture-based industry with a fund of Rs.210 crores.
The planned outcomes of ASPIRE are setting up Technology Business Incubators (TBI), Livelihood Business Incubators (LBI) and creation of a Fund of Funds for such initiatives with SIDBI.

Prime Ministers Employment Generation Programme, PMEGP

Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a nodal implementation agency at the national level.
At State and district level, State offices of KVIC, Khadi and Village Industries Boards (KVIBs) and District Industry Centres (DIC) are the implementing agencies.

Objectives

To generate continuous and sustainable employment opportunities in Rural and Urban areas of the country
To provide continuous and sustainable employment to a large segment of traditional and prospective artisans, rural and urban unemployed youth in the country through setting up of micro-enterprises.
To facilitate the participation of financial institutions for higher credit flow to the micro sector.

Eligibility

Individuals above 18 years of age
VIII Std. pass required for the project above Rs.10.00 lakhs in manufacturing and above Rs. 5.00 lakhs for Service Sector
Self Help Groups and Charitable Trusts
Institutions registered under Societies Registration Act- 1860
Production-based Co-operative Societies

Salient features of the scheme

The Scheme is implemented through KVIC and State/UT Khadi & V.I. Boards in Rural areas and through District Industries Centres in Urban and Rural areas in ratio of 30:30:40 between KVIC / KVIB / DIC respectively.
No income ceiling for setting up projects.
Assistance under the Scheme is available only to new units to be established.
Existing units or units already availed any Govt. Subsidy either under State/Central Govt. Schemes are not eligible.
Any industry including Coir Based projects excluding those mentioned in the negative list.
Per capita investment should not exceed Rs. 1.00 lakhs in plain areas and Rs. 1.50 lakhs in Hilly areas.
The maximum project cost of Rs. 25.00 lakhs in the manufacturing sector and Rs. 10.00 lakhs in Service Sector.

Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme (CLCSS)

-CLCSS aims at facilitating technology up-gradation of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) by providing 15% capital subsidy (limited to maximum Rs.15 lakhs) for purchase of Plant & Machinery. -Maximum limit of eligible loan for calculation of subsidy under the scheme is Rs.100 lakhs. Presently, more than 1500 well established/improved technologies under 51 sub-sectors have been approved under the Scheme.

UDYAM SAKHI

It is a network for nurturing social entrepreneurship creating business models revolving around low-cost products and services to resolve social inequities.

Mission

Udyam Sakhi seeks to encourage women entrepreneurs and to aid, counsel, assist and protect their interests. It also preserves free competitive enterprise and to maintain and strengthen the overall economy of our nation.
The Udyam Sakhi helps Indian women to start, build and grow businesses. It recognises that women entrepreneur in the industry is critical to economic recovery and strength, in building the nation’s future, and to helping India compete in today’s global marketplace.

Samadhan Portal

The portal aims at empowering micro and small entrepreneurs across country to directly register their cases relating to delayed payments by Central Ministries, Departments, CPSEs, State Governments.

The Samadhaan portal will give information about pending payment of MSEs with individual CPSEs/Central Ministries, State Governments, etc. The CEO of PSEs and Secretary of Ministries concerned will also be able to monitor cases of delayed payment under their jurisdiction and issue necessary instructions to resolve the issues. The portal will facilitate monitoring of delayed payment in more effective manner. The information on portal will be available in public domain, thus exerting moral pressure on defaulting organisations. The MSEs will also be empowered to access portal and monitor their cases.

Zero Defect, Zero Effect

ZED Scheme aims to rate and handhold all MSMEs to deliver top quality products using clean technology.
It will have sector-specific parameters for each industry.
ZED Scheme is meant to raise quality levels in unregulated MSME sector which is an engine of growth for the Indian economy.
The scheme will be the cornerstone of the Central Government’s flagship Make in India programme, which is aimed at turning India into a global manufacturing hub, generating jobs, boosting growth and increase incomes.

National Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes (SC/ST) Hub

Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) is implementing a scheme of National Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes (SC/ST) Hub.
The Hub is set up to provide professional support to SC/ST entrepreneurs to fulfil the obligations under the Central Government Public Procurement Policy for Micro and Small Enterprises Order 2012, adopt applicable business practices and leverage the Stand-Up India initiatives.
The functions of Hub include collection, collation and dissemination of information regarding SC/ST enterprises and entrepreneurs, capacity building among existing and prospective SC/ST entrepreneurs through skill training and EDPs, vendor development etc.
Four special subsidy schemes/programmes have been approved under National SC/ST Hub namely
- Single Point Registration Scheme
- Special Marketing Assistance Scheme (SMAS)
- Performance & Credit Rating Scheme and
- Special Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme.

SFURTI

As per the revised guidelines, the following schemes are being merged into SFURTI:

The Scheme for Enhancing Productivity and Competitiveness of Khadi Industry and Artisans
The Scheme for Product Development, Design Intervention and Packaging (PRODIP)
The Scheme for Rural Industries Service Center (RISC) and
Other small interventions like Ready Warp Units, Ready to Wear Mission, etc.

Objectives of Scheme

To organize the traditional industries and artisans into clusters to make them competitive and provide support for their long term sustainability and economy of scale;
To provide sustained employment for traditional industry artisans and rural entrepreneurs;
To enhance the marketability of products of such clusters by providing support for new products, design intervention and improved packaging and also the improvement of marketing infrastructure;
To equip traditional artisans of the associated clusters with the improved skills and capabilities through training and exposure visits;
To make provision for common facilities and improved tools and equipment for artisans to promote optimum utilization of infrastructure facilities;
To strengthen the cluster governance systems with the active participation of the stakeholders, so that they are able to gauge the emerging challenges and opportunities and respond to them in a coherent manner;
To build up innovated and traditional skills, improved technologies, advanced processes, market intelligence and new models of public-private partnership s, so as to gradually replicate similar models of cluster-based regenerated traditional industries
To look for setting up of multi-product cluster with an integrated value chain and a strong market-driven approach for viability and long term sustainability of the cluster;
To ensure convergence from the design stage with each activity of the cluster formation and operations thereof.
To develop specific product lines out of the currently offered diversified basket of heterogeneous products based on the understanding of the target consumer segment. A brand unification exercise also needs to be done to maximize the value.

Trade-Related Entrepreneurship Development Assistance Scheme (TREAD) Women entrepreneurship programme

There is a provision of Govt of India Grant up to 30% of Loan/credit sanctioned subject to a maximum ceiling of 30 Lakhs to NGOs as appraised by Lending Institutes/Banks for undertaking capacity building activities such as Training, counselling, participation in exhibitions, the establishment of new SHGs etc and other components as approved by Bank/Steering Committee.
The non-farming activities taken up by women are Tailoring, Handicrafts, Embroidery, Toy making, Readymade garments, Candle making, Agarbatti making, paper cup and plate making, Masala powder making, Saree weaving, Coir mat making, Pickles making, Readymade garments, basketry and brooms making, Jute bag making etc.
The focus of the scheme is to promote self-employment and income generation activities for women mostly from SHG groups in the non-farm sector.

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October 9, 2021

Schemes, Project, and Policies Regarding Science and Technology
09th Oct 2021

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1. SATHI

The Department of Science & Technology has launched a unique scheme called “Sophisticated Analytical & Technical Help Institutes(SATHI)”.

Objectives of the Scheme
- SATHI will address the problems of accessibility, maintenance, redundancy and duplication of expensive equipment in the institutions.
- This will also foster a strong culture of collaboration between institutions and across disciplines to take advantage of developments, innovations and expertise in diverse areas.
2. National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA)

The Finance Minister in budget 2020 has announced a National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA).

About NM-QTA
- The mission will function under the Department of Science & Technology (DST).
- It will be able to address the ever-increasing technological requirements of society and take into account the international technology trends.
- The mission will help prepare next-generation skilled manpower, boost translational research and also encourage entrepreneurship and start-up ecosystem development.
3. Project MANAV: Human Atlas Initiative
- For the first time, Indian scientists will be mapping every single tissue of the human body to have a deeper understanding of the roles of tissues and cells linked to various diseases.
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT) launched MANAV: Human Atlas Initiative towards improving knowledge on human physiology.
- It is a project funded by DBT, which aims at creating a database network of all tissues in the human body from the available scientific literature.
- It is a project that involves scientific skill development for annotation, science outreach along with handling big data.
- It will involve gaining better biological insights through physiological and molecular mapping, develop disease models through predictive computing and have a holistic analysis and finally drug discovery.
- The student community, who will be the backbone on assimilating the information, will be trained and imparted with skills to perform annotation and curation of information that will ultimately form the online network.
- DBT has invested funds shared between two institutions in Pune – National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS) and Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), Pune.
- Besides, Persistent Systems Limited has co-funded the project and is developing the platform.
4. Project Cosmic Microwave Background-Bharat
- CMB stands for Cosmic Microwave Background, and the scientific space project CMB-Bharat has been presented as a proposal to ISRO and is under consideration.
- In the workshop, project CMB-Bharat, which could help us listen to the faintest murmurs of the early universe, was discussed.
- CMB-Bharat is a proposal for comprehensive next-generation Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) mission in international collaboration with major Indian contribution.
- This referred to quantum gravitational waves, which are different from what LIGO detectors had observed that were classical in nature.
5. Phyto-Pharma Plant Mission

Objectives
- Rs 50 crore Mission aimed at conservation and cultivation of endangered and threatened endemic medicinal plants, and discovery of new botanical drugs for unmet medical needs using the rich traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and biodiversity of these states and at the same time also improve the availability of authentic and quality botanical raw material on a sustainable basis for a boom in the phyto-pharmaceutical industry
- Nodal Ministry –Ministry of Science & Technology
6. Brahmaputra Biodiversity and Biology Boat

Objectives
- B4 will establish a large barge on the river with a well-equipped laboratory for analysis of all components of the entire ecosystem of the river and surroundings. The B4 will link to all the local research institutions along the river, as well as national and international laboratories
- Nodal Ministry –Ministry of Science & Technology
7. INSPIRE (INNOVATION IN SCIENCE PURSUIT FOR INSPIRED RESEARCH)

Objectives
- To attract talent to Science.
- To communicate to the youth of the country the excitements of creative pursuit of science, attract talent to the study of science at an early age and thus build the required critical human resource pool for strengthening and expanding the Science & Technology system and R&D base.
- It does not believe in conducting competitive exams for the identification of talent at any level.
- It believes in and relies on the efficacy of the existing educational structure for the identification of talent.
- INSPIRE has three components:
- i. Scheme for Early Attraction of Talent (SEATS)
- ii. Scholarship for Higher Education (SHE)
- iii. Assured Opportunity for Research Careers (AORC)
- The Inspire Awards have been renamed as MANAK
8. JIGYASA –

Objectives
- Student-Scientist Connect Programme
- Connecting school students and scientists so as to extend student’s classroom learning with that of a very well planned research laboratory-based learning.
- CSIR + Kendriya Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS).
9. VAJRA

Objectives –
- The Government of India recently launched VAJRA (Visiting Advanced Joint Research) Faculty scheme by the Department of Science and Technology which enables NRIs and overseas scientific community to participate and contribute to research and development in India. The Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), a statutory body of the Department will implement the Scheme.
- International Faculty / scientists/technologists including Non-resident Indians (NRI) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) / Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) are offered adjunct / visiting faculty positions in Indian Institutions / Universities for a period of 1-3 months under this scheme. The faculty can also undertake the role of teaching /mentoring apart from R&D.
- Public funded institutions and national laboratories are allowed to host the VAJRA faculty.
- Nodal Ministry –Ministry of Science & Technology
10. National Initiative for Developing & Harnessing Innovation (NIDHI)

Objectives

A programme to address the complete chain of innovation ecosystem right from scouting to mentoring to scaling up innovations. launched by DST. Establishment of a research park at IIT Gandhinagar has been supported at a cost of Rs.90 cr.

11.Surya Jyoti

Objectives
- In order to capture daylight and concentrate the same inside a dark room, particularly in the urban slum or rural areas which lack electricity supply, a low cost and energy-efficient Micro Solar Dome (Surya Jyoti) has been tested and developed. -Potential users of this device are10 million households.
- According to preliminary estimates, if this technology is adopted in 10 million households only, it has the potential of saving 1750 million units of energy.
- It would also lead to an emission reduction of about 12.5 million ton of CO2 equivalent, hence giving a fillip to the mission of ‘Clean India, Green India’.
- The manufacturing process, being labour-intensive, would also generate huge job opportunities in the economy.
- Nodal Ministry – Department of Science & Technology.
12. Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan
- Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan is running successfully to motivate children to learn Science, Maths and Technology through observation and experimentation.
- It was launched on 9th July 2015 by Late Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, Former President of India.
- Nodal Ministry-HRD Ministry.
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October 9, 2021
Last Minute Revision Modules for UPSC CSE Prelims 2021

Revision and practice of the mock test have incomparable importance in the UPSC Prelims examination. Considering this year’s prelims being just a week ahead, it’s high time that all of the appearing aspirants should go through the important and most repetiting topics being asked in the exam.

Looking at the demand of the examination, we have started the “Mission Nikalo Prelims’ initiative for better coverage of the syllabus. We have cherrypicked the ‘60 most important topics‘ from where a maximum number of questions have been asked by UPSC in the past 10 years. We have accompanied the mock tests so that the practice angle should also get covered.

It’s the best time to give the final touch to your preparation and cover the topics which have left due to a dearth of time. The link to the initiative is given below:

Mission Nikalo Prelims (Click here)

All the best!

October 9, 2021
Issues faced by World Bank and IMF
This article discusses some inherent issues with the international organizations (IOs) i.e., the World Bank (Bank) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) (aka Bretton Woods Twins). This comes in the backyard of the WB decision to scrap its flagship publication, the ‘Doing Business’ report.

Issue over chair: A monopoly of the West
- Common individuals to head: The individuals which are common to them: Paul Wolfowitz, Jim-Kim, David Malpass, Rodrigo Rato, Dominique-Strauss Kahn, Christine Lagarde, and Kristalina Georgieva.
- Monopoly of US/EU: They have all become heads via a dual monopoly selection procedure: Only an American can head the Bank and only a European can head the IMF.
- Personal integrity: This has been called into question, the most recent being the revelations of malfeasance at the World Bank where data was apparently massaged to make at least two major countries — China and Saudi Arabia— look better than they would otherwise have been.
Issues with these heads: Hypocrisy
- Political accountability: Within countries, we expect reasonable standards of integrity from heads of important institutions, and democratic political accountability mechanisms exist to ensure that.
- Probity: The effectiveness and legitimacy of these individuals and indeed of the international institutions they head require personal qualities of probity.
- Non-virtuous preachers: These heads often go around the developing world, preaching the virtues of good governance, from arguing against the scourge of corruption to improving data integrity.
- Undue parameters: There are even World Bank indices to rank countries on those metrics.
How has this impacted these institutions?

Ans. The credibility of the institutions is lost.
- It is not just the charge of hypocrisy, but also the effect on the morale and motivation of the staff of these institutions.
- Many of them chose to work here because of a commitment to public service.
- The recent letter by more than 300 former World Bank staff, expressing their anguish at the recent revelations on the Doing Business index, captures this sentiment.
Why such issues grapple these institutions?
- Goal definition: International institutions operate in a grey zone of neither clearly being in or outside the realm of formal politics and hence have weaker mechanisms of accountability.
- Selection of heads: The selection procedure for choosing heads of the Bank and the Fund has been a dismal failure. Compromised heads are potentially more biased.
- Indoctrination: Contrast this with the growing alarm and anxiety that characterizes the rise of China and its attempts to place its own nationals in existing IOs as well as creating new ones.
Chinese has intruded even into these
- Countries place their nationals to head these institutions, both for prestige and to pursue their national interests.
- China has its own nationals now head four of the 15 UN specialized agencies (it suffered a rare setback to head the World Intellectual Property Organisation last year).
Conclusion
- The contest between the West (and especially the US) and China to shape the global order is becoming manifest.
- China’s efforts, its success, and more broadly its influence in IOs should certainly raise deep concerns, most notably the suppression of the inquiry into the origins of the coronavirus.
- Looking ahead, if the US and Europe do not hold themselves to the standards they exhort to the rest of the world, their credibility and legitimacy will continue to degrade.
- This will cede ground and soft power to geopolitical rivals.
Way forward
- So, global political leaders convening next week for the annual meetings of the Bank and Fund must act with urgency and conviction to stem the rot.
- They must open the selection of the heads of these institutions to the best candidate, regardless of nationality.
- And to pave the way, they should clear up the current mess over the Doing Business saga.
Back2Basics:

International Org. | Part 7 | Bretton Woods Institutions – World Bank Group

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October 9, 2021
Air India Disinvestment Deal
After 68 years, Air India is all set to return to the Tata fold.

What is the deal?
- The Tatas will own 100% stake in Air India, as also 100% in its international low-cost arm Air India Express and 50% in the ground handling joint venture, Air India SATS.
- Apart from 141 planes and access to a network of 173 destinations including 55 international ones, Tatas will also have the ownership of iconic brands like Air India, Indian Airlines and the Maharajah.
History of Air India
- Prominent industrialist JRD Tata founded the airline in 1932 and named it Tata Airlines.
- As India gained Independence, the government bought 49% stake in AI.
- In 1946, the aviation division of Tata Sons was listed as Air India, and in 1948, the Air India International was launched with flights to Europe.
- In 1953, Air India was nationalised and for the next over four decades it remained the prized possession for India controlling the majority of the domestic airspace.
Why was Air India sold?
- End of Monopoly: With economic liberalisation and the growing presence of private players, this dominance came under serious threat.
- Govt running an airline: Ideologically too, the government running an airline did not quite gel with the mantra of liberalisation.
- Continuous losses: By 2007, AI (which flew international flights) was merged with the domestic carrier, Indian Airlines, to reduce losses.
- Wastage of taxpayers money: But it is the mark of how poorly the airline was run that it has never made a profit since 2007.
Why wasn’t it sold earlier?

Ans. Fear over Operational Freedom
- The first attempt to reduce the government’s stake — disinvestment — was made in 2001 under the then NDA government.
- But that attempt — to sell 40% stake — failed.
- In 2018, the government made another attempt to sell the government stake — this time, 76%. But it did not elicit even a single response.
- In the latest attempt started in January 2020, the government has been able to finally conclude the sale.
So how was it managed this time?
- Govt gives up stakes: The mere fact that the government retained a partial stake. In other words, as long as the government kept a certain shareholding of AI, private players did not seem interested.
- Operational freedom: That’s because the mere idea of government ownership, even if it was as little as 24%, made private firms wonder if they would have the operational freedom needed.
- Debt sharing: In the past, the government expected the bidders to pick up a certain amount of the debt. This time, the government let the bidders decide the amount of debt they wanted to pick up.
Significance of the deal

[A] From the government’s perspective: A success
- Disinvestment: It underscores govt commitment to reducing the its role in the economy.
- Easing burden on taxpayers: This claims to have saved taxpayers from paying for daily losses of AI.
- Economic reforms: Given the historical difficulties in AI’s disinvestment, or any disinvestment at all this is a significant achievement.
[B] Business perspective: Still a failure
- Missing the target: Purely in terms of money, the deal does not result in as big a step towards achieving the government’s disinvestment target of the current year.
- Unresolved bankruptcy: The assets left with the government, such as buildings, etc., will likely generate Rs 14,718 crore. But that will still leave the government with a debt of Rs 28,844 crore to pay back.
[C] Value perspective: Success for Tatas
- Business success: From the Tatas’ perspective, apart from the emotional aspect of regaining control of an airline that they started, AI’s acquisition is a long-term bet.
- Investment boost: The Tatas are expected to invest far more than what they have paid the government if this bet is to work for them.
Conclusion
- Complete liberalization: The privatisation of Air India is a message from the Government to the markets and global investors that it has the political will to bite the reform bullet.
- Roadmap for economic reforms: The govt had to shed the “over-conservatism” that is typical of bureaucracy.
- Future disinvestments: A transaction as “tough and complex” as Air India’s in an open, transparent and competitive bidding process, will boost future privatisation.
Way forward
- Other loss-making PSUs continue to drain taxpayers’ hard-earned money and get abused and fleeced in the name of social welfare.
- The govt should imbibe this experience gained in future disinvestment biddings.
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October 9, 2021
India-ASEAN FTA
The Commerce and Industry Minister has called for a renegotiation of the India-ASEAN free trade agreement (FTA).

Why such move?
- The MCI aims to prevent its misuse by ‘third parties’ and remove trade restrictions as well as non-tariff barriers that he said had hurt Indian exports disproportionately since the pact was operationalized in 2010.
- The focus needed to be on new rules to eliminate misuse ‘by third parties outside ASEAN’, the minister said, hinting at China.
- India had to deal with several restrictive barriers on exports in the ASEAN region, particularly in the agriculture and auto sectors.
About ASEAN
- Members:
- Officially the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, ASEAN is an economic union comprising 10 member states in Southeast Asia.
- It promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational, and sociocultural integration between its members and other countries in Asia.
India-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement
- The initial framework agreement for ASEAN–India Free Trade Area (AIFTA) was signed on 8 October 2003 in Bali, Indonesia.
- The FTA came into effect on 1 January 2010.
- The FTA had emerged from a mutual interest of both parties to expand their economic ties in the Asia-Pacific region.
Background of the AIFTA
- India’s Look East policy was reciprocated by similar interests of many ASEAN countries to expand their interactions westward.
- After India became a sectoral dialogue partner of ASEAN in 1992, India saw its trade with ASEAN increase relative to its trade with the rest of the world.
- Between 1993 and 2003, ASEAN-India bilateral trade grew at an annual rate of 11.2%, from US$2.9 billion in 1993 to US$12.1 billion in 2003.
- Total Indian FDI into ASEAN from 2000 to 2008 was US$1.3 billion.
Acknowledging this trend and recognising the economic potential of closer linkages, both sides recognised the opportunities to pave the way for the establishment of an ASEAN–India Free Trade Area (FTA).

Structure of the AIFTA
- The signing of the ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement paves the way for the creation of one of the world’s largest FTAs – a market of almost 1.8 billion people with a combined GDP of US$2.8 trillion.
- It sees tariff liberalisation of over 90 percent of products traded between the two dynamic regions, including the so-called “special products”.
- The products include palm oil (crude and refined), coffee, black tea and pepper.
Criticism

While there are many benefits to the ASEAN-India FTA, there is concern in India that the agreement will have several negative impacts on the economy.
- Opening-up its market: This FTA will allow them to increase the market access of their products.
- No specific gains: It is criticised, however, that India will not experience as great an increase in market access to ASEAN countries as ASEAN will in India.
- Export driven ASEAN: The economies of the ASEAN countries are largely export-driven. Considering India’s expansive domestic market, the ASEAN countries will look eagerly towards India as a home for its exports.
- Huge trade deficit: Since the early 2000s, India has had an increasing trade deficit with ASEAN. It is feared that a gradual liberalisation of tariffs and a rise in imported goods into India will threaten several sectors of the economy.
- Inaccessible Markets: As a dominant exporter of light manufacturing products, ASEAN has competitive tariff rates that make it difficult for India to gain access to the industry market in ASEAN countries.
- Cheaper imports: The state of Kerala is an important exporter in the national export of plantation products. It fears that cheap imports of oil palm, rubber, coffee, and fish would lower domestic production, adversely affecting farmers and ultimately its economy.
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October 9, 2021
RBI suspends G-Sec Acquisition Programme (GSAP)
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has decided to halt its bond-buying under the G-Sec Acquisition Programme (GSAP).

Why such move?
- The GSAP had succeeded in ensuring adequate liquidity and stabilising financial markets.
- Coupled with other liquidity measures, it facilitated congenial and orderly financing conditions and a conducive environment for the recovery.
What is GSAP?
- The G-Sec Acquisition Programme (G-SAP) is basically an unconditional and a structured Open Market Operation (OMO), of a much larger scale and size.
- G-SAP is an OMO with a ‘distinct character’.
- The word ‘unconditional’ here connotes that RBI has committed upfront that it will buy G-Secs irrespective of the market sentiment.
What are Government Securities?
- These are debt instruments issued by the government to borrow money.
- The two key categories are:
1. Treasury bills (T-Bills) – short-term instruments which mature in 91 days, 182 days, or 364 days, and
2. Dated securities – long-term instruments, which mature anywhere between 5 years and 40 years
Note: T-Bills are issued only by the central government, and the interest on them is determined by market forces.

Why G-Secs?
- Like bank fixed deposits, g-secs are not tax-free.
- They are generally considered the safest form of investment because they are backed by the government. So, the risk of default is almost nil.
- However, they are not completely risk-free, since they are subject to fluctuations in interest rates.
- Bank fixed deposits, on the other hand, are guaranteed only to the extent of Rs 5 lakh by the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC).
Other decisions
- The RBI, however, remained ready to undertake G-SAP as and when warranted by liquidity conditions.
- It would also continue to flexibly conduct other liquidity management operations including Operation Twist (OT) and regular open market operations (OMOs).
Answer this PYQ in the comment box:

Q.Consider the following statements:
1. The Reserve Bank of India manages and services the Government of India Securities but not any State Government Securities.
2. Treasury bills are issued by the Government of India and there are no treasury bills issued by the State Governments.
3. Treasury bills offer are issued at a discount from the par value.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 Only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Post your answers here:
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Back2Basics: Open Market Operations (OMO)
- OMOs is one of the quantitative monetary policy tools which is employed by the central bank of a country to control the money supply in the economy.
- It is a part of the Market Stabilization Scheme (MSS) by the RBI.
- OMOs are conducted by the RBI by way of sale or purchase of government securities (g-secs) to adjust money supply conditions.
- The central bank sells g-secs to remove liquidity from the system and buys back g-secs to infuse liquidity into the system.
October 9, 2021
What is Palk Bay Scheme?
The Union Government is considering increasing the unit cost of deep-sea fishing vessels under the Palk Bay scheme to make it more attractive to fisherfolk.

Palk Bay Scheme
- The Palk Bay Scheme is the official scheme for diversification of trawl fishing boats from Palk Strait into deep sea fishing boats.
- It is aimed at encouraging fishermen to take up deep-sea fishing and put an end to disputes arising between the India and Sri Lanka.
- The project helps fishermen in the Palk Straits, who are not exposed to deep-sea fishing, to venture deep into the Indian Ocean, Arabian sea and other deep-sea areas to look for fish like tuna that are in high demand.
Why need such a scheme?
- Bottom trawling, an ecologically destructive practice, involves trawlers dragging weighted nets along the sea-floor, causing great depletion of aquatic resources.
Key components of the scheme
- The project aims to replace all trawler boats and introduce over 2,000 deep sea fishing boats in a course of five years.
- The scheme, under the aegis of Blue Revolution scheme – is funded by the Centre – 50 per cent and state government – 20 per cent for a boat costing Rs 80 lakh.
- Of the balance 30 per cent, 10 per cent is contributed by the beneficiary (fisherman), and the remaining 20 per cent is funded by banks.
Must read:

[Burning Issue] India- Sri Lanka Fishermen Issues

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October 9, 2021
9th October 2021 | Prelims Daily with Previous Year Questions

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October 9, 2021
Podishetty Srija, AIR 20, UPSC 2020 || Inclination towards Studying Medicine & Dream to Serve People || UNHERD: Civilsdaily’s Toppers Talk Series (Link inside)

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P Srija, AIR 20, UPSC 2020, in conversation with Birendra sir shared her mindset and thought process that helped him crack IAS exam. Srija also gave valuable advice to aspirants for prelims as well as mains.

Srija, is an MBBS graduate and secured rank 20 in her first attempt in UPSC 2020 examination. In this series, she has talked about how a hardwork and a true mentor can change the journey of the aspirants.

After she got to know from Anudeep Durishetty Rank 1 in 2017, it is clearly mentioned that she started preparing with Civilsdaily’s Prelims Test Series and Mains Essential Program that helped her a lot. Not only the test series but also Shweta Mam who is among the core mentor in Civilsdaily has helped her to evolve with the art of answer writing and motivated her at every stage of the preparation.

In Civilsdaily, we have a team of such dedicated mentors helping aspirants at every stage of the preparation to understand their weaknesses and approaches to overcome them.

Civilsdaily is proud to present AIR 20 P. Srija and congratulate her on her future endeavors.

Let’s hear more from the winner himself in the video.

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Heartiest congratulations to Podishetty Srija

AIR 20

UPSC Civil Services 2020

October 9, 2021

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06th Oct 2021

Credit Guarantee Trust Fund for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE)

What is CGTMSE?

Prime Ministers Employment Generation Programme, PMEGP

Zero Defect, Zero Effect

Objectives of Scheme

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09th Oct 2021

1. SATHI

2. National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA)

3. Project MANAV: Human Atlas Initiative

4. Project Cosmic Microwave Background-Bharat

5. Phyto-Pharma Plant Mission

6. Brahmaputra Biodiversity and Biology Boat

7. INSPIRE (INNOVATION IN SCIENCE PURSUIT FOR INSPIRED RESEARCH)

8. JIGYASA –

9. VAJRA

10. National Initiative for Developing & Harnessing Innovation (NIDHI)

11.Surya Jyoti

12. Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan

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Issue over chair: A monopoly of the West

Issues with these heads: Hypocrisy

How has this impacted these institutions?

Why such issues grapple these institutions?

Chinese has intruded even into these

Conclusion

Way forward

Back2Basics:

What is the deal?

History of Air India

Why was Air India sold?

Why wasn’t it sold earlier?

So how was it managed this time?

Significance of the deal

[A] From the government’s perspective: A success

[B] Business perspective: Still a failure

[C] Value perspective: Success for Tatas

Conclusion

Way forward

Why such move?

About ASEAN

India-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement

Background of the AIFTA

Structure of the AIFTA

Criticism

Why such move?

What is GSAP?

What are Government Securities?

Why G-Secs?

Other decisions

Answer this PYQ in the comment box:

Back2Basics: Open Market Operations (OMO)

Palk Bay Scheme

Why need such a scheme?

Key components of the scheme

Must read:

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