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Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange (EPABX) in Modern Communication

Why in the News? In most modern office environments, internal and external communication is managed through a technology known as EPABX — Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange. About EPABX: What is it: It is a system used by offices to manage internal and external phone calls efficiently. Internal and External Communication: It enables intercom communication… Continue reading Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange (EPABX) in Modern Communication

[1st July 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: How do unsafe cancer drugs reach patients?

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2014] While doctor’s prescription is a must to get drugs, many people buy them over the counter without prescription. Discuss the contributors to the emergence of drug-resistant diseases in India? What are the available mechanisms for monitoring and control? Critically discuss the various issues involved. Linkage: The wider discussion about checking drug… Continue reading [1st July 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: How do unsafe cancer drugs reach patients?

In a perilous world, India must read the tea leaves well 

Why in the News? Recently, the world’s growing preference for military force over peaceful talks have made India’s old policy of staying neutral and keeping strategic independence no longer enough. Why is India’s neutrality no longer viable in the current global conflicts? Erosion of Strategic Leverage in Multilateral Crises: Neutrality has diminished India’s influence during… Continue reading In a perilous world, India must read the tea leaves well 

Ten Years of PM Mudra Yojana: Real Change or Hype ?

N4S:  The UPSC often frames questions on government schemes by combining policy intent with ground realities. Like in the 2014 PYQ on Aadhaar and NPR, it expects aspirants to not only explain a scheme’s objectives but also weigh its implications — development, equity, implementation concerns, and constitutional debates. That’s where aspirants often falter. They memorise… Continue reading Ten Years of PM Mudra Yojana: Real Change or Hype ?

[pib] NAKSHA Programme 

Why in the News? The Department of Land Resources (DoLR) under the Ministry of Rural Development is set to launch the second phase of capacity building for the NAKSHA programme (NAtional geospatial Knowledge-based land Survey of urban HAbitations). About NAKSHA Program: Overview: It was launched on 18th February 2025. It is a geospatial land survey… Continue reading [pib] NAKSHA Programme 

Prada-Kolhapuri Cultural Misappropriation Debate

Why in the News? The Prada incident, involving footwear resembling India’s GI-tagged Kolhapuri chappals, has reignited debates on cultural respect, equitable benefit sharing, and the need for stronger global enforcement of GI rights. About the Kolhapuri Chappal Controversy: Cultural Origin: They originated in Kolhapur and nearby districts in Maharashtra and Karnataka, dating back to the… Continue reading Prada-Kolhapuri Cultural Misappropriation Debate

[30th June 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: A year later — colonial-era laws to new criminal codes

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2024] The Doctrine of Democratic Governance makes it necessary that the public perception of the integrity and commitment of civil servants becomes absolutely positive. Discuss. Linkage: The new criminal codes, through provisions like mandatory audio-video recording of searches and seizures, aim to improve the quality of investigation and ensure greater integrity and… Continue reading [30th June 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: A year later — colonial-era laws to new criminal codes

Language of unity Uniformity should not be confused with national unity in language policy

Why in the News? Recently, the three-language rule in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has caused a new dispute in Maharashtra, showing people’s worries about language and political disagreements. What are the key features of the three-language policy under NEP 2020? Mandatory Learning of Three Languages: All students must learn three languages during their… Continue reading Language of unity Uniformity should not be confused with national unity in language policy

India’s first Genomic Atlas reveals deep Ancestry and Health Risks

Why in the News? A landmark study published in the ‘Cell’ journal has sequenced the genomes of 2,762 Indians from 23 states and union territories, creating the most comprehensive genomic map of India to date. About the Genomic Atlas: Overview: The Genomic Atlas is the most comprehensive genetic mapping of Indian populations, covering caste, tribe,… Continue reading India’s first Genomic Atlas reveals deep Ancestry and Health Risks

Secondary Pollutants constitute up to third of PM2.5 Pollution

Why in the News? A recent study by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) highlights that secondary pollutants, particularly ammonium sulphate, are responsible for nearly one-third of India’s PM2.5 pollution. What are Primary Air Pollutants? Definition: Primary air pollutants are directly released into the atmosphere from specific sources like vehicles, coal… Continue reading Secondary Pollutants constitute up to third of PM2.5 Pollution

Botrytis Fungus and Wine-Making

Why in the News? Scientists have found that Botrytis cinerea, the fungus used in high-end sweet wines, cannot be cloned because none of its nuclei carry a full set of chromosomes, a rare genetic trait among fungi. About Botrytis Fungus: Overview: Botrytis cinerea, also called noble rot, is a fungus that infects ripe grapes and… Continue reading Botrytis Fungus and Wine-Making

National Statistics Day

Why in the News? June 29 is observed annually as National Statistics Day in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, hailed as the Father of Indian Statistics. About National Statistics Day: Purpose: National Statistics Day is observed on June 29 each year to commemorate the birth anniversary of P.C. Mahalanobis and… Continue reading National Statistics Day

Caste Census and the Shifting Landscape of Indian Politics Promise or Pitfall

N4S This article explores why India needs a caste census, its benefits, concerns, and how it can be done right.UPSC doesn’t ask about caste census directly, but it loves the issues it touches—like population and representation, policy and politics, and social justice. A good example is the 2015 question on why tribal sex ratios are… Continue reading Caste Census and the Shifting Landscape of Indian Politics Promise or Pitfall

[28th June 2025] The Hindu Op-ed:  A China-led trilateral nexus as India’s new challenge

PYQ Relevance: [UPSC 2017] ‘China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia’, In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbor. Linkage: It focuses on how China uses its economic power to gain strategic and military advantages, and… Continue reading [28th June 2025] The Hindu Op-ed:  A China-led trilateral nexus as India’s new challenge

No time to rest: India did well in climbing up SDG Rankings, but falls short in governance

Why in the News? India has entered the top 100 in the Sustainable Development Report (2025), ranking 99th out of 167 countries, according to the UN-backed Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). This shows a clear improvement from its 110th position in 2016, marking a notable step forward. What does India’s SDG ranking improvement show? India… Continue reading No time to rest: India did well in climbing up SDG Rankings, but falls short in governance

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