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  • UPSC Prelims Geography Trend Analysis: Part 2

    Pre 2014

    1. Which of the following phenomena might have influenced the evolution of organisms?
    1. Continental drift
    2. Glacial cycles

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 only
    3. Both 1 and 2
    4. Neither 1 nor 2
    • Common sense. Continental drift would mean some animals would be stuck to one continent, others on different with no chance of meeting and mating.
    • Similarly glacial cycles would affect evolution  as many would not be able to tolerate extreme cold and would become extinct plus sea level rise due to glacial melt
    1. The seasonal reversal of winds is the typical characteristic of
    1. Equatorial climate
    2. Mediterranean climate
    3. Monsoon climate
    4. All of the above climates

    5th Std kids know the answer

    Learning – Learn everything about monsoon given in NCERT

    1. With reference to ‘Changpa’ community of India, consider the following statement:
    1. They live mainly in the State of Uttarakhand.
    2. They rear the Pashmina goats that yield a fine wool.
    3. They are kept in the category of Scheduled Tribes.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    • Pashmima goat is found in jammu and Kashmir not in uttarakhand. So 1 and 2 can not be correct simultaneously
    • If such a community is asked, it must be tribal. UPSC asks about tribes.
    • Now look at the options
    • Tribes are asked but it’s difficult to remember all of them. Just focus on ones in the news, It’s tribe of Jammu and Kashmir
    1. Consider the following towns of India:
    1. Bhadrachalam
    2. Chanderi
    3. Kancheepuram
    4. Karnal

    Which of the above are famous for the production of traditional sarees / fabric?

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1, 2 and 3
    4. 1, 3 and 4
    • Kanchipuram is famous for sarees plus this has been asked in previous year
    • Karnal is in Haryana, no such thing there
    • You have eliminated two options
    • Now look at Bhadrachalam – it’s not famous.  You may not know it but as you have been able to eliminate 2 options, make a guess
    1. Consider the following rivers:
    1. Barak
    2. Lohit
    3. Subansiri

    Which of the above flows / flow through Arunachal Pradesh?

    1. 1 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3
    • NCERT – tributaries of Brahmputra
    • Barak river you must know as it’s part of national waterway 6. You know it’s course. Also important because of issues over Teepaimukh dam
    • Exclude it, you reach the answer

    Learning – National waterways, rivers and their tributaries given in NCERT, Surma – Meghna river system

    1. Consider these pairs
    1. Cardamom Hills Coromandel Coast
    2. Kaimur Hills Konkan Coast
    3. Mahadeo Hills Central India
    4. Mikir Hills North-East India

    Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

    1. 1 and 2
    2. 2 and 3
    3. 3 and 4
    4. 2 and 4

    Look at this image in your atlas and try to learn the locations. It;s very imp


    • See, mahadeo hills was asked in 2015 also
    • It’s in m.p. ie central India. 3 is definitely correct
    • Now b/w 2 and 4, mikir in North East
    • Or if you Kaimur hills is in central highlands, you can exclude all other options
    • Cardamom hills you know are on the western ghats while coromandel coast is east coast

    Learning – Hills and plateau of India and rivers originating from them are very important. Just look at the map

    7. 

    National Highway Cities connected
    1. NH 4 Chennai and Hyderabad
    2. NH 6 Mumbai and Kolkata
    3. NH 15 Ahmedabad and Jodhpur

    Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 3 only
    3. 1, 2 and 3
    4. None
    • No need to remember all the highways
    • This question was not doable
    1. Which one of the following pairs of islands is separated from each other by the ‘Ten Degree Channel’?
    1. Andaman and Nicobar
    2. Nicobar and Sumatra
    3. Maldives and Lakshadweep
    4. Sumatra and Java

    • Easy. NCERT Question
    • You know the southern most point is in Great nikobar and is 6 degree 45 so 10 degree channel would not be south of India but b/w Andaman and Nikobar or Maldives and Lakshdweep
    • 8 degree channel is b/w Maldives and Minicoy

    Learning – Southern most point of India v/s southern most point of mainland India, Eastern and western most point of India, Duncan passage, 8 degree channel, Importance of Andaman and Nikobar island

    1. Turkey is located between
    1. Black Sea and Caspian Sea
    2. Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea
    3. Gulf of Suez and Mediterranean Sea
    4. Gulf of Aqaba and Dead Sea

    • Very easy. Map based question
    • Turkey in news due to civil war in Syria
    • You know turkey is in Asia and Europe

    Learning – Bosphorous, sea of marmara, dedanalles strait, Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba

    1. What is the correct sequence of occurrence of the following cities in South-East Asia as one proceeds from south to north? 1.Bangkok 2.Hanoi 3.Jakarta 4.Singapore Select the correct answer using the code given below.
    1. 4-2-1-3
    2. 3-2-4-1
    3. 3-4-1-2
    4. 4-3-2-1

    Map based difficult question


    P.S. – Not all questions were doable in this paper but don’t go after them. Just focus on doable questions.

    P.P.S. – Everyone is free to point out mistakes. Free to criticize, suggest changes etc. Everything is welcome but do so without insinuating or attributing motives

  • Stop your Monkey mind and start nurturing your Ox mind

    source

    If you just sit and observe, you will see how restless your mind is. If you try to calm it, it only makes it worse. You attempt the mock test and you see a question on Indian Classical dance which you think is an easy sitter but you just can’t seem to recollect. You feel like your preparation is inadequate and you grow a distaste for the mock which you are attempting.

    “If only I revise the things again and then give this mock again, I will have a more realistic score”. This is what you tell yourself and you don’t attempt your mocks correctly!

    Stop right there. Don’t think like that. Stop the monkey chatter and take the things as they come. Don’t live in the fool’s paradise that your best is yet to come. No. Who knows? This is you right here and you have got to make the best out of your limited knowledge by tikdams or educated guesses and not fell prey to the wishful thinking on covering the whole syllabus again.

    To get into your best test taking abilities, try to meditate everyday. Follow this 6 phase process recommended by Steve Jobs:

    1. Sit cross-legged in a quiet place, preferably on a low pillow to reduce strain on your back. Take deep breaths.
    2. Close your eyes and listen to your inner monologue, the thoughts that spin through your mind all the time: work, home, TV, whatever. Those thoughts are the chattering of your “monkey mind.” Don’t try to stop it from chattering, at least not yet. Instead just observe how it jumps from thought to thought to thought. Do this for five minutes every day for a week.
    3. After a week, without trying to silence your monkey mind, during the meditation, shift your attention to your “ox mind.” Your ox mind is the part of your brain that thinks slowly and quietly. It senses things around you. It doesn’t try to assign meaning to anything. It just sees, hears, and feels. Most people only really hear their ox mind when they experience a “breathtaking moment” that temporarily stops the monkey mind from chattering. However, even when your monkey mind is driving you crazy with rush-rush-rush and push-push-push, your ox mind is still there, thinking its slow, deep thoughts.
    4. Once you’re feeling more aware of your ox mind, ask it to start quieting your monkey mind down. What worked for me was imagining the monkey mind going to sleep due to the slow walking of the ox as it moves patiently along a road. Don’t get upset if your monkey mind keeps waking up. It’s a monkey, so it can’t help acting like one. However, you’ll find that, despite its protests, your monkey mind would rather give it rest and stop making all that tiring and tiresome noise.
    5. As your monkey mind calms down, continue to shift your attention to your ox mind. Each breath will seem to take a long time. You’ll feel the air on your skin. You may feel your blood flowing through your body. If you open your eyes, the world will look brand new and even rather strange. A window, for example, becomes just a square thing that full of light. It doesn’t need to be opened or closed or cleaned or repaired or anything else. It’s just there. You’re just there.
    6. While it can take a while to get there, you’ll know you’re doing the exercise correctly when it seems as if no time has passed at all between when you started the timer and when it goes off. When you succeed at that, gradually increase the amount of time you spend each day. Weirdly, no matter how long you practice, it will seem as if no time has passed.

    Here’s how this may help you in your preparation and test taking strategies:

    1. It will calm you down
    2. Make you more perceptive to the subtle tones of texts and questions and help you identify with the art of smart guessing
    3. Keep you stress free and be more confident of your preparation levels

    If you already have another mojo working for you, share with us over the comments.


    PS: The Flagship Prelims Module for IAS 2017 has already started. Click here to attempt your tests. 

  • which book should i read?

    Which book should i read for IR & Defense for UPSC

  • UPSC Prelims Geography Trend Analysis: Part 1

    In the geography portion, you just have to stick to basics. Basics meaning class 11 and class 12 geography esp. Physical geography and geography of India. If you have done that, you would be able to solve 75% of the questions easily.

    Study physical geography well, because it is conceptual and therefore will not fail you during the exam. You should be able to solve all the physical geographical questions in the exam if you study the “Fundamentals of Physical Geography” NCERT XI textbook thoroughly.

    Solve past year question papers esp conceptual questions of physical geography which will give you good insight into level of your preparation and help you correct your flaws

    Imp topics  (just basics)

    • latitudes and longitudes
    • Revolution, rotation and seasons
    • Solar system  
    • layers of the atmosphere pressure belts, global atmospheric wind, cyclones
    • types of rainfall (convection, orographic, frontal)
    • monsoons
    • ocean currents
    • jet streams
    • Elnino la nina modoki ENSO indian ocean dipole maiden jullien oscillation
    • Go through India’s physical geography. NCERT would suffice
    • Rivers and hills, soils given in NCERT most imp
    • Learn geological history of India well which would help you answer questions related to mineral resources
    • Basics of agriculture- again NCERT would suffice
    • Map marking

    Prelims 2015

    1. In the South Atlantic and South Eastern Pacific regions in tropical latitudes, cyclone does not originate. What is the reason?

    (a) Sea Surface temperature are low

    (b) Inter Tropical Convergence Zone seldom occurs

    (c) Coriolis force is too weak

    (d) Absence of land in those regions

    • Option C is wrong. Coriolis force is weak only in the region around 0-5 degrees North or South latitudes.
    • Option D is wrong as land cuts off moisture from the cyclone and a responsible for dissipation of cyclones
    • Confusion b/w a and b
    • UPSC ruled absence of ITCZ would be the answer

    Learning – cyclones, naming of cyclones, tropical v/s temperate cyclones (learn from the titbit)

    2. Which of the following pairs of States of India indicates the eastern most and Western most State?

    (a) Assam and Rajasthan

    (b) Arunachal Pradesh and Rajasthan

    (c) Assam and Gujarat

    (d) Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat

    • Simple question. Map based
    • Has been asked before

    3. Which of the following National Parks is unique in being a swamp with floating vegetation that supports a rich biodiversity?

    (a) Bhitarkanika National Park

    (b) Keibul Lamjao National Park

    (c) Keoladeo Ghana National park

    (d) Sultanpur National park

    • Floating vegetation points in the direction of floating park, the only floating park in the world, located in Manipur which is a part of Loktak Lake.
    • Bhitarkanika is in Odisha,has been asked before
    • Keoladeo in Rajasthan – was asked last year
    • Sultanpur in Haryana – only option  left would be the answer

    4. What can be the impact of excessive/inappropriate use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture?

      1. Proliferation of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in soil can occur.
      2. Increase in the acidity of soil can take place
      3. Leaching of nitrate to the ground-water can occur.

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    (a) 1 and 3 only

    (b) 2 only

    (c) 2 and 3 only

    (d) 1,2 and 3

    • Statement 1 is absurd. If there is more nitrogen in the soil, less need for nitrogen fixing bacteria. In any case if fertilizer increased bacteria one dose of fertilizer would suffice for eternity  
    • Statement 3: common sense. If something is in increased concentration and also water soluble, would obviously leach
    • Exclude 1, include 3

    5. What explains the eastward flow of the equatorial counter-current?

    (a) The Earth’s rotation on its axis

    (b) Convergence of the two equatorial currents

    (c) Difference in salinity of water

    (d) Occurrence of the belt of calm near equator

    • Controversial question. Go with what UPSC says
    • C and d are obviously wrong.
    • A that’s earth’s rotation is reponsible for winds and currents changing directions but then what’s special about earth’s rotation that would move counter current in opposite direction
    • B is the last option standing

    6. Consider the following pairs:

    Place of Pilgrimage  Location

    1. Srisailam : Nallamala Hills
    2. Omkareshwar : Satmala Hills
    3. Pushkar : Mahadeo Hills

    Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

    (a) 1 only

    (b) 2 and 3 only

    (c) 1 and 3 only

    (d) 1,2 and 3

    • Pushkar is in Ajmer everyone knows that.
    • There’s only aravali in Rajasthan no mahadeo hills
    • Exclude 3

    7. The area known as ‘Golan Heights’ sometimes appears in the news in the context of the events related to

    1. a) Central Asia
    2. b) Middle East
    3. c) South-East Asia
    4. d) Central Africa
    • Map based question.
    • Golan height was and is very much in news due to civil war in Syria. Terrorism from Golan heights

    8. Consider the following rivers :

      1. Vamsadhara
      2. Indravati
      3. Pranahita
      4. Pennar

    Which of the above are tributaries of Godavari?

    (a) 1,2 and 3

    (b) 2,3 and 4

    (c) 1,2 and 4

    (d) 2 and 3 only

    • Rivers imp but obviously you can’t learn every tributary of every major river so a difficult question
    • Pennar is much to the south, can be excluded

    9. Which one of the following regions of India has a combination of mangrove forest, evergreen forest and deciduous forest?

    (a) North Coastal Andhra Pradesh

    (b) South-West Bengal

    (c) Southern Saurashtra

    (d) Andaman and Nicobar island

    • Evergreen forest would not be found in other 3 options as not sufficient rainfall there.
    • Andman and nikobar have many Islands so chances of vegetation other than evergreen also thetec

    10. Which one of the following National Parks has a climate that varies from tropical to subtropical, temperate and arctic?

    (a) Khangchendzonga National park

    (b) Nandadevi National Park

    (c) Neora Valley National Park

    (d) Namdapha National park

    • Difficult question.
    • Go with what UPSC says

    11. Consider the following statements

    1. 1. The winds which blow between 30o N and 60o S latitudes throughout the year are known as westerlies.
    2. 2. The moist air masses that cause winter rams in North-Western region of India are part of westerlies.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. (a) 1 only
    2. (b) 2 only
    3. (c) Both 1 and 2
    4. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
    • No winds blow b/w 30 north and 60 south. It should have been between 30 and 60 north
    • 2nd has been asked so many times in both prelims and mains
    • Western disturbances responsible for winter rains in North which is good for wheat and leads to snowfall on hills

    12. Tides occur in oceans and seas due to which among the following?

      1. Gravitational Force of the Sun
      2. Gravitational Force of the Moon
      3. Gravitational Force of the Earth

    Select the correct answer using the code given below

    (a) 1 only

    (b) 2 and 3 only

    (c) 1 and 3 only

    (d) 1, 2, and 3

    • If 1 is true, 2 has to be true. Sun is also exerting gravitational pull so is moon. Pull is pull, does not matter who pulls
    • Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of gravitational forces exerted by the Moon, Sun, and rotation of the

    13. In which of the following activities are Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites used?

      1. Assessment of crop productivity
      2. Locating ground water resources
      3. Mineral exploration
      4. Telecommunications
      5. Traffic studies

    Select the correct answer using the code given below

    (a) 1, 2 and 3 only

    (b) 4 and 5 only

    (c) 1 and 2 only

    (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and

    • For telecommunications geo-stationary satellites / your INSAT CLASS satellites are used
    • easily eliminate statement 4
    • Now look at statement 3, remote sensing is sensing from a distance so sensing from a distance if minerals are there, 3rd is true

    14. Consider the following States:

      1. Arunachal Pradesh
      2. Himachal Pradesh
      3. Mizoram

    In which of the following states do ‘Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests’ occur?

    (a) 1 only

    (b) 2 and 3 only

    (c) 1 and 3 only

    (d) 1, 2 and 3

    • Easy
    • typical rain forests in areas with high rains ie north east, islands of Andaman nikobar, western slopes of western ghat- very small area of India
    • Himachal is clearly wrong

    15. Which one of the following countries of South-West Asia does not open out to the Mediterranean Sea?

    (a) Syria

    (b) Jordan

    (c) Lebanon

    (d) Israel

    • Map based question you could easily solve if you were looking at the maps with the newspaper
    • Was in news due to civil war in Syria and refugees in Jordan

    16. In India, in which one of the following types of forests is teak a dominant tree species?

    (a) Tropical moist deciduous forest

    (b) Tropical rain forest

    (c) Tropical thorn scrub forest

    (d) Temperate forest with

    • Asked before
    • Teak dominant species of tropical moist deciduous

    17. “Each day is more or less the same, the morning is clear and bright with a sea breeze; as the sun climbs high in the sky, heat mounts up, dark clouds form, than rain comes with thunder and lightning. But rain is soon over.”

    Which of the following regions is described in the above passage?

    (a) Savannah

    (b) Equatorial

    (c) Monsoon

    (d) Mediterranean

    • Simple
    • No seasons on equator
    • Rain/ afternoon shower due to convection

    P.S. – Everyone is free to point out mistakes. Free to criticize, suggest changes etc. Everything is welcome but do so without insinuating or attributing motives

  • CAPF 2016 Geography Solutions and Analysis

    Four quick points before solutions and analysis

    1. This is the solution and analysis of geography questions from CAPF 2016 conducted by UPSC couple of weeks back.
    2. Focus on doable questions <and most of the questions are doable without too much mugga>
    3. Almost all the questions can be solved after reading NCERT physical geography and geography of INDIA so focus on that
    4. Analysis of CSE prelims geography would be done in days to come

    1. Which one of the following layers of atmosphere has high concentration of ions?

    a)Stratosphere (b) Exosphere
    (c) Thermosphere
    (d) Troposphere

    • Can’t get this wrong
    • Every one would have answered if they had said ionosphere. 
    • Ions would be formed if there is high temperature so thermosphere

    2) Which one of the following cities has greater annual range of temperature?
    (a) Kuala Lumpur
    (b) New Delhi
    (c) Shanghai
    (d) Ulaanbaatar

    • Shanghai and Kualalampur are port cities. Marine environment. Sea moderates the climate easily excluded
    • B/w Delhi and Ulaanbataar  (capital of mongolia) remember pm modi visited mongolia
    • Now you read in geography – Himalayas blocking chilly cold winds from the north. So Delhi and Northern India does not freeze but ulanbator does. Would have greater range of temperature
    • Also if you had solved previous years question papers or read climatoligy, you would know steppes have extreme climate. Mongolia – steppes

    3) Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

    List I List II
    (Climate type in letter code) (Major area)
    A. Aw 1. Central California
    B. Af 2. Indian Sub-Continent
    C. Cs 3. North and South of Amazon Forests
    D. Am 4. Western Equatorial Africa
    Codes
    A B C D
    (a) 3 1 4 2
    (b) 2 4 1 3
    (c) 3 4 1 2
    (d) 2 1 4 3

    • From ncert koppen system of classification
    • m is for monsoon so d would be matched with 2, exclude b and d
    • A is for tropical, Af is tropical evergreen i.e equatorial i.e 4
    • Answer is clear now
    • Aw is tropical Savannah
    • Learn this system from NCERT

    4. Which one of the following rivers flows between Satpura and Vindhya ranges?(a) Tapi
    (b) Sabarmati
    (c) Narmada
    (d) Mahi

    • Very easy
    • Narmada river flows through a rift valley b/w Satpuras and Vindhya

    5. How is the rate of transpiration affected by decreasing humidity and by decreasing light intensity?
    Decreasing humidity Decreasing light intensity
    (a) Decreases Decreases
    (b) Increases Decreases
    (c) Increases Increases
    (d) Decreases Increases

    • Simple
    • If humidity increases, already mote water in the atmosphere so obviously rate of transpiration would slow down
    • Similarly if light intensity is more there would naturally be more evaporation more transpiration

    6. Consider the following statements relating to Sea Salinity:
    1. The ocean salinity depends on evaporation and precipitation
    2. Any change in the temperature or density influences the salinity
    3. Major source of sea salinity is terrestrial discharge by rivers
    Which of the statements given above are correct?
    (a) 1 and 2 only
    (b) 2 and 3 only
    (c) 1 and 3 only
    (d) 1, 2 and 3

    • I is easily true. More evaporation means more salt left behind, more precipitation means more fresh water
    • If temperature is more, there would be more evaporation
    • 3rd is a fact <do check it again, i am not very sure about 3rd but I think it’s correct
    • http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/whysalty.html

    7. Consider the following statements relating to salt production in India:
    1. India is the second largest producer of iodised salt in the world next only to China
    2. Salt mining is carried out in Himachal Pradesh
    3. Gujarat is the leading producer of salt in India
    4. Ground water is the important source of salt in Rajasthan
    Which of the statements given above are correct?
    (a) 1 and 2 only
    (b) 3 and 4 only
    (c) 1, 2 and 3
    (d) 2, 3 and 4

    • 3rd is easily true – Salt by evaporation in tropical seas, wind conditions, question has been asked in mains for salt indutsries in Gujrat, dandi March in Gujarat, >75% of total salt in India in Gujrat
    • 4th is also true – sambhar lake
    • Salt mining was carried out in Himachal Pradesh but stopped in 2011. There’s again propsal to start salt mining in Himachal

    8. Which of the following statements relating to Dharwar geological system are correct?

    1. They belong to Archaean geological period
    2. They are metamorphosed sedimentary rocks
    3. They are of great economic importance for its mineral resources
    4. They are found predominantly in Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Odisha and Jharkhand
    Select the correct answer using the code given below :
    (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
    (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
    (c) 3 and 4 only
    (d) 1 and 2 only

    • Geology of India is very imp. Learn it in detail. It would help you solve many questions related to chronology and minerals, hydrocarbons etc.
    • Archean is the oldest rock system found in aravalis not in dharwar and part of Deccan peninsula
    • Dharwar is 2nd oldest
    • name Dharwar itself suggest karnataka

    9. Which one of the following is the correct order of formation of geological systems in India in terms of their age? [Starting with the oldest]
    (a) Dharwars – Aravallis – Vindhyans – Cuddapahs
    (b) Aravalis – Dharwars – Cuddapahs – Vindhyans
    (c) Vindhyans – Dharwars – Aravallis – Cuddapahs
    (d) Cuddapahs – Vindhyans – Dharwars – Aravallis

    • Arawali everyone knows is the oldest. Only option is b
    • Dharwar 2nd oldest as we saw in previous question

    10. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
    (a) The rate of evaporation depends on temperature
    (b) The rate of evaporation does not depend on surface area exposed to the atmosphere but on volume of the liquid
    (c) The rate of evaporation depends on humidity of the surroundings
    (d) The rate of evaporation depends on the wind speed

    • Sort of internal repeat
    • A and c we have seen in the question on transpiration
    • High wind speed means wind will take away the atmospheric moisture so more evaporation
    • B is anyway a negative statement # red flag # pause and think # high surface area means more area from which evaporation can take place

    11. Which of the following statements are correct?
    1. Kolkata port is the only riverine major port of India
    2. The port of Cochin is located on the Willington Island
    3. Maharashtra has three major ports
    4. Mundra port is India’s major port in private sector
    Select the correct answer using the code given below:
    (a) 1and 2 only
    (b) 3 and 4 only
    (c) 2, 3 and 4 only
    (d) 1, 2 and 4

    • 4th is wrong. We had done this in titbit
    • Learn about ports from titbit
    • Ennore port is the only major port in private sector

    12. Perth located on 118th East Longitude will be celebrating New Year event on 1st of January 2017 at 6:00 AM . At that time, what would be time at Los Angeles located on 1100 West Longitude?
    (a) 9 : 12 PM of 1st January 2017
    (b) 2:48 PM of 31st December 2016
    (c) 11: 40 PM of 31st December 2016
    (d) 5 : 28 AM of 1st January 2017

    • Difference is of 228 degree
    • 360 degree equivalent to 24 hrs
    • 228 (240) would be equivalent to around 16 hrs
    • West hence behind, so obviously 31st dec, 16 hrs behind

    13. Arrange the following varieties of silk in India in their order of decreasing production:
    1. Muga
    2. Eri
    3. Mulberry
    4. Tasar
    Select the correct answer using the code given below:
    (a) 3 – 2 – 4 -1
    (b) 3- 4 – 2- 1
    (c) 2 – 4 – 1 – 3
    (d) 2- 1 – 4 – 3

    • No option but to mug up
    • Muga everyone knows so at least you can exclude 2 options

    14. Which of the following statements concerning circum-pacific belt are correct?
    1. It is an active volcanic realm
    2. It is an active seismic realm
    3. It is a divergent plate boundary
    4. It is prone to Tsunami
    Select the correct answer using the code given below:
    (a) 1 and 2 only
    (b) 3 and 4 only
    (c) 1, 2 and 4 only
    (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

    • Covered in titbits
    • It’s subduction zone, not a divergent plate boundary

    15. Which of the following statements relating to solar system is/are correct?
    1. Venus and Uranus rotate opposite to the direction of rotation of Earth
    2. Venus is the nearest planet to Earth
    Select the correct answer using the code given below:
    (a) 1 only
    (b) 2 only  (c) Both 1 and 2
    (d) Neither 1 nor 2

    • Covered in titbits
    • Venus also called Earth’s sister

    16. If a place is affected by Tide at 6.00 AM Monday , normally at what time the same place will be affected by Ebb?
    (a) 6:26 PM Monday
    (b) 6:52 AM Tuesday
    (c) 12:13 PM Monday
    (d) 00:26 AM Tuesday

    • 2 tides 2 ebbs in a day i.e at approx 6 hrs duration
    • so ebb at 12 pm
    • Learn exact details of tides, neap tide, spring tide etc
  • Ask a Question, Answer a Question – Round 4

    We have had 3 rounds of AQAQ before. Let’s have a dinner table conversation again. This would be the final one before this year’s prelims exam.

    1. AQAQ Round 1
    2. AQAQ Round 2
    3. AQAQ Round 3

    This time we will try to keep it most practical. 

    source

    Do just one thing:

    1. Tell us about a topic/ theme which you think is definitely going to come in this years’ prelims and WHY. If you are a senior player in this game, all the better – you have seen UPSC’s pattern through years and you might just strike gold with your predictions coming true.

    PS: Those reading this blog on the app, you won’t be able to read or put in your comments from there so please open this blog’s link from a mobile/ laptop browser.

    PPS: The Final Full Test is on 23rd of July (the coming saturday). Mark your attempts by joining us for the Full Length Tests.

  • This is the mark of a serious aspirant

    source

    Hi,

    I just need to say this to boost my motivation level (can help others too). As the prelims is approaching, i’ve more apprehensions about getting through it. And this is after the fact that I’ve studied not less than 5 hours a day (EVERYDAY without fail) consistently  for more than a year. Test scores varies, which further increase my doubts about my prep.

    I am sure i am not the only one to feel that. 

    To all who feel the same: 

    “This is a sign of a serious aspirant! Yes you read it right. This means you have worked hard, you put so many things at stake, you took a toll on your social life, you cut down your friend-gatherings, you compromised your fun, you have put in hell lots of efforts. NOW is the time to have faith in your efforts. Do not let it go in vain at last moment. 

    Test scores are not to decide your final result, they are to give you a direction to improve minutest mistake, before EXAM. Don’t ever Panic on low score. You will do much better than you think!”

    Revise, Revise and Revise…..


    This post was an email from a reader. Has been kept anonymous for her comfort but we hope this brings some peace to all of you who have had some bad days. If you wish to write to us about your good/ bad days – email us at hello[at]civilsdaily.com

  • Medical Education Governance in India

    The MCI has been in the news for the wrong reasons as the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Health in its 92nd report came down heavily on various aspects of the functioning of MCI. British medical Journal also had suggested radical revamp of the MCI. This articles focuses on the medical education governance in India.

    source

    Let’s understand the issues under the following heads:

    • Context
    • Background
    • Weaknesses Highlighted by Parliamentary panel
    • What are the major reforms needed in MCI?
    • Measures needed to overhaul and revamp MCI
    • Mandate of Lodha committee
    • Way forward

    Context:

    • MCI has been criticised for being a ‘biased’ organisation, acting ‘against larger public health goals’ and an ‘exclusive club’ of medical doctors from corporate hospitals and private practice. The British Medical Journal (BMJ) and the Parliamentary Standing Committee in their recent report have called for a ‘radical prescription’ to reform the Medical Council of India (MCI) in order to eliminate corruption and lack of ethics in healthcare.
    • SC appointed a three-member committee headed by former Chief Justice of India R M Lodha to oversee MCI.

    Background

    • The MCI was established under the Indian Medical Council Act 1933 and given responsibility for maintaining standards of medical education, providing ethical oversight, maintaining the medical register, and, through amendments in 1993, sanctioning medical colleges has failed to deliver quality and integrity in the health services across India.
    • The Medical Council of India (MCI) is a statutory body entrusted with the responsibility of establishing and maintaining high standards of medical education in India.

    Weaknesses Highlighted by Parliamentary panel

    In its scathing report, the standing committee felt that the MCI has repeatedly failed on all its mandates over the years. The committee noted the following as some of the prominent failures of MCI.

    • Failure to create a curriculum that produces doctors suited to working in Indian context especially in the rural health services and poor urban areas. The committee felt that this has created disconnect between medical education system and health system.
    • Failure to maintain uniform standards of medical education, both at the undergraduate and post-graduate levels.
    • Devaluation of merit in admission, particularly in private medical institutions due to prevalence of capitation fees, which make medical education available only to the rich and not necessarily to the most deserving.
    • Non-involvement of the MCI in any standardized summative evaluation of the medical graduates and post-graduates.
    • Failure to put in place a robust quality assurance mechanism.
    • Very little oversight of PG medical education leading to huge variation in standards.
    • Failure to create a transparent system of medical college inspections and grant of recognition or de-recognition.
    • Failure to oversee and guide the Continuing Medical Education in the country, leaving this important task in the hands of the commercial private industry.
    • Failure to instill respect for a professional code of ethics in the medical professionals and take disciplinary action against doctors found violating the code of Ethics.

    What are the major reforms needed in MCI?

    1. There is a need to restructure the MCI. It should not be an elected body dominated by vested interest but should represent all stakeholders through nomination. The MCI, as presently elected, neither represents professional excellence nor its ethos. The current composition of the Council reflects that more than half of the members are either from 21 corporate hospitals or in private practice.
    2. The MCI currently sets standards for recognition, inspects and licenses medical colleges; overseas Registration and Ethical Conduct of Doctors. It now proposes to undertake accreditation as well. Such concentration of powers creates a serious conflict of interest and provides a fertile ground for misuse of authority. So there is a need to create a transparent system of licensing of medical colleges.
    3. There should be bifurcation of the functions of MCI and recommends that different structures be created for discharging different functions.
    4. There is a need to revisit ICT tools and revisit minimum standards which are required under the act to establish medical colleges.
    5. A code of ethics which is in line with the international standards needs to be developed for the medical professionals to reduce the corrupt practices.
    6. It needs to see a balance between the number of seats available for medical courses at undergraduate and postgraduate level.

    Measures needed to overhaul and revamp MCI

    1. The Parliamentary committee made a number of recommendations to overhaul the system. Some of the important recommendations of the committee are the following,
    2. Doctor – Population ratio in India is 1:1674 as against the WHO norm of 1:1000, hence the government should immediately spell out policy stance in great detail to augment the capacity of production of doctors including specialists and super-specialists at the scale and speed required to meet India’s health needs.
    3. The regulatory framework of medical education and practice should be comprised of professionals of the highest standards of repute and integrity, appointed through a rigorous and independent selection process.
    4. Urgent measures have to be taken to restructure the composition of MCI to encourage diversity so that it does not become an exclusive club of doctors.
    5. Physical infrastructure requirement should be pruned down in such a way that it should have just about 30 to 40 percent standing value in the total assessment of a medical college.
    6. Support to convert district hospitals into medical colleges. If a district hospital is converted into a medical college, it will not only be equipped with specialists of all disciplines, providing the healthcare services across the whole spectrum but will also produce some doctors in its area of operation and will thus help reduce geographical mal-distribution of doctors.
    7. The PG entrance exam should be held immediately after the final MBBS examination so that the graduate doctor could concentrate on practical skills during his internship.
    8. Ethics should be made one of the cornerstones of the syllabus of medical education.
    9. Introduction of Common Medical Entrance Test (CMET) should be done across the nation barring those States who wish to remain outside the ambit of the CMET. A common exit test should be introduced for MBBS doctors.

    Mandate of the Lodha committee

    1. Lodha Committee would have complete authority to oversee all statutory functions under the MCI Act.
    2. All policy decisions of the MCI will need approvals from the Committee. It will also be free to issue remedial directions.
    3. The Committee will function for 1 year, unless a suitable mechanism is brought in earlier by it.
    4. Initially the panel will function for a year, unless suitable mechanism is brought in place earlier which will substitute the said committee.

    Way forward

    • The abysmal doctor-patient ratios in India’s rural areas and poorer districts, the sanctioning of new medical colleges without ensuring trained medical faculty, the failure to produce adequate specialist doctors, and corruption in the conduct of inspections and in granting sanctions to medical colleges have wrecked the MCI’s credibility.So, there is a need to bring back the integrity which MCI has lost over the years.
    • Whether Lodha Committee manages to inculcate the changes needed in MCI or ends up being one of the numerous other attempts at cleaning up the medical education scene remains to be seen.

    References:

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