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[UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Arts and Culture: ‘The sculptors filled the Chandella artform with resilient vigor and breadth of life.’ Elucidate.

Chandella rulers (9th–13th century CE) of Bundelkhand, with Khajuraho as their capital, created a “world in stone” through sculptures marked by energy, realism, and beauty. Resilient vigor and breadth of life in the Chandella artform Chandella artists created a universe in stone, best described by Banabhatta’s phrase “Darsit Visvarupa” – the vision of the cosmic… Continue reading [UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Arts and Culture: ‘The sculptors filled the Chandella artform with resilient vigor and breadth of life.’ Elucidate.

[11th September 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The Way Forward on Katchatheevu, Palk Strait disputes

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2013] In respect of India — Sri Lanka relations, discuss how domestic factors influence foreign policy. Linkage: The Katchatheevu and Palk Strait disputes show how domestic pressures from Tamil Nadu, fishing community demands, political rhetoric, and cultural ties with Sri Lankan Tamils, directly shape India’s diplomatic posture with Colombo. Balancing these domestic… Continue reading [11th September 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The Way Forward on Katchatheevu, Palk Strait disputes

To build Roads is to build peace: Developmet in tribal hinterlands affected by Maoist Insurgency

Introduction Roads in India’s Maoist-affected areas are more than physical infrastructure; they are symbols of the state itself. For communities long governed by neglect or non-state actors, the arrival of a road often marks the first visible sign of governance. Research and field evidence indicate that road development improves access to electricity, healthcare, education, and… Continue reading To build Roads is to build peace: Developmet in tribal hinterlands affected by Maoist Insurgency

A joint and new journey along the SCO pathway

Introduction The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), now the largest regional grouping after 24 years of evolution, witnessed its biggest summit in Tianjin with 23 countries and 10 international organisations participating. The presence of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping signalled a possible recalibration of bilateral ties amid a tense global order.… Continue reading A joint and new journey along the SCO pathway

[pib] Gyan Bharatam Mission

Why in the News? The Ministry of Culture has launched the ‘Gyan Bharatam’, a landmark national initiative dedicated to preserving, digitising, and disseminating India’s manuscript heritage. About Gyan Bharatam Mission: Launch: A national initiative by the Ministry of Culture to preserve, digitise, and disseminate India’s manuscript heritage. Scheme Type: Approved as a Central Sector Scheme… Continue reading [pib] Gyan Bharatam Mission

Himachal Pradesh declared to be ‘Fully Literate’

Why in the News? Himachal Pradesh was recently declared a ‘fully literate’ state, becoming the 5th State/UT after Goa, Ladakh, Mizoram, and Tripura. Various Definitions of Literacy / Full Literacy: Ministry of Education (MoE) Definition: Literacy is the ability to read, write, and compute with comprehension, along with digital literacy and financial literacy as critical… Continue reading Himachal Pradesh declared to be ‘Fully Literate’

Power of Siberia 2 Pipeline

Why in the News? Russia has announced a “legally binding” memorandum with China to build the Power of Siberia 2 pipeline, highlighting closer Russia–China ties amid Western sanctions. What are Power of Siberia Pipelines? Power of Siberia 1: Operational pipeline from eastern Siberia to northern China; commercial exports since Dec 2019. Specifications: Length over 5,100… Continue reading Power of Siberia 2 Pipeline

Swachh Vayu Survekshan, 2025

Why in the News? Indore, already recognized as the cleanest city in India, has topped the list of million-plus population cities in the Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2025. About Swachh Vayu Survekshan (SVS), 2025: Overview: Annual survey by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP). Objective: Promotes… Continue reading Swachh Vayu Survekshan, 2025

[UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Arts and Culture: Examine the main aspects of Akbar’s religious syncretism.

Smash 2024 Sectional test 6Q18.“In medieval Indian history Akbar was unique for his religio-political ideas and policies.” Analyze this statement. Emperor Akbar (1556–1605) stands out in Indian history as a ruler who sought not merely political conquest but spiritual integration of a diverse society. As his court historian Abul Fazl wrote in the Ain-i-Akbari, “The… Continue reading [UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Arts and Culture: Examine the main aspects of Akbar’s religious syncretism.

[10th September 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The long march ahead to technological independence

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2023] What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvement. Linkage: The article highlights that while India has rapidly digitalised its economy, dependence on foreign software, cloud, and hardware exposes vulnerabilities. This reflects the structural problems of inadequate indigenous technology and… Continue reading [10th September 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The long march ahead to technological independence

Decisive step (Including Aadhar as 12th document for voter verification)

Introduction The right to vote is one of the most fundamental expressions of citizenship in a democracy. However, procedural rigidity in electoral roll revisions often results in the exclusion of genuine electors. Recently, the Supreme Court intervened decisively in Bihar’s Special Intensive Revision (SIR) exercise, directing the inclusion of Aadhaar as one of the 12… Continue reading Decisive step (Including Aadhar as 12th document for voter verification)

Why is Kathmandu Burning

Introduction On September 8–9, 2025, Nepal plunged into chaos as protests led by Generation Z escalated into violent clashes with security forces. What began as outrage against corruption and a controversial ban on 26 social media platforms quickly spiraled into a mass uprising that engulfed Kathmandu in flames. Former Prime Ministers’ homes were torched, ministers… Continue reading Why is Kathmandu Burning

[pib] Regulation of Biostimulants in India

Why in the News? India now has a comprehensive regulatory framework for biostimulants, placing it among the few countries with such dedicated oversight. What are Biostimulants? Definition: Under Fertilizer Control Order (FCO), 1985, Clause 20C, biostimulants are substances or micro-organisms that stimulate plant processes to improve nutrient uptake, growth, yield, crop quality, efficiency, and stress… Continue reading [pib] Regulation of Biostimulants in India

[pib] Universal Postal Union (UPU)

Why in the News? At the 28th Universal Postal Congress in Dubai (2025), the Union Minister for Communications has unveiled the Unified Payments Interface (UPI)- UPU Integration Project. About Universal Postal Union (UPU): Overview: A UN specialized agency and the primary forum for international postal cooperation. Establishment: Created by the Treaty of Bern (1874). It… Continue reading [pib] Universal Postal Union (UPU)

[pib] Exercise ZAPAD 2025

Why in the News? An Indian Armed Forces contingent has departed for Mulino Training Ground, Nizhniy, Russia, to participate in Exercise ZAPAD 2025. About Exercise ZAPAD: Meaning: “ZAPAD” means West in Russian; a series of large-scale joint strategic military drills led by Russia and Belarus. Origins: Started during the Soviet era with Zapad-77, Zapad-81, Zapad-84,… Continue reading [pib] Exercise ZAPAD 2025

What was the Harappan Language?

Why in the News? The Union Culture Ministry has invited experts to present their research on deciphering the Indus Valley script, also known as the Harappan script. Recent Efforts and Theories on the Harappan Script: Taxation & Commerce Theory: Bahata Ansumali Mukhopadhyay argues the script encodes rules of trade and taxation, not phonetic spellings. Religious… Continue reading What was the Harappan Language?

Langkhon Festival of Assam

Why in the News? Tiwa tribesmen recently celebrated Langkhun festival in Umsowai village in Karbi Anglong district of Assam. About Langkhon Festival: Overview: A pre-harvest thanks-giving festival of the Tiwa tribe of Assam. Timing: Celebrated in October–November, just before the Rabi crop season. Core Belief: Involves worship of bamboo, seen as a symbol of prosperity… Continue reading Langkhon Festival of Assam

[UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Art and Culture: Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture. 

Smash Mains 2025 Q1. In what ways does Harappan art and architecture reflect both utilitarian functionality and aesthetic sensibilities? (FLT 3) PYQ Q. To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided inputs to the present day urbanization? Discuss. (2014) Samachar Manthan: Article name: Rewriting the Keezhadi (Keeladi) Excavations… Continue reading [UPSC Mains 2025 Discussion] Art and Culture: Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture. 

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