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Subject: e-Governance

  • e-governance, as a critical tool of governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency and accountability in governments. What inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these features?

    The 2nd ARC’s 11th Report (2008) envisioned “SMART Governance”, Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive, and Transparent, through e-governance.

    E-governance ushering in effectiveness

    Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)- saved more than

    Unified Payments Interface (UPI) – Revolutionised digital payments with real-time, low-cost, interoperable transactions. Eg: 20+ billion transactions/month

    Aadhaar-Based Authentication – Universal digital identity enables paperless, presence-less service delivery at scale.

    DigiLocker – Digital storage of documents enables instant verification across services.

    PM Gati Shakti – Inter-Ministerial Convergence

    E-governance ushering in transparency

    Open, competitive procurement on Government e-Marketplace (GeM) eliminates discretion and middlemen.

    CoWIN Platform – Real-time vaccination tracking with public dashboards ensured transparent COVID response.

    Online RTI Portal

    Open Government Data Portal – data.gov.in publishes datasets across ministries for citizen scrutiny and research.

    e-Procurement and e-Tendering – reduces corruption opportunities.

    E-governance ushering in accountability

    CPGRAMS Grievance Redressal – enables time-bound resolution and tracking by citizens.

    MyGov – Direct policy participation through online consultations, polls, and feedback mechanisms.

    Social Audit via MGNREGA – Online MIS publishes worksite details, wages, attendance

    Aspirational Districts Dashboard – Real-time performance ranking of 112 districts on 49 indicators

    Inadequacies hampering e-governance

    Digital Divide – Eg: Rural internet penetration 59.06% vs urban 131.45% (TRAI Q1 2025).

    Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities- Eg: cybercrime losses in 2024 – 206% rise (I4C, MHA 2025).

    Data Privacy Concerns – Weak enforcement of data protection exposes citizens to misuse risks.

    Poor Digital Literacy – Eg: Only 38% women have ever used internet (NFHS-5, MoHFW).

    Inadequate Infrastructure – Internet connectivity, electricity, devices remain insufficient in remote regions.

    Capacity Constraints – lower level government staff lack training in digital tools, data analytics, AI skills.

    Targeting and verification errors exclude genuine beneficiaries from welfare schemes. Eg: PM-Kisan validation errors stranded 2.18 crore families (Dvara Research).

    Departmental Silos – Ministries operate in isolation; lack integrated digital data ecosystems for governance.

    Faulty validation processes. Eg: Aadhaar-PDS biometric failures linked to Simdega starvation death, Jharkhand (NHRC).

    Linguistic Barriers – English-dominant interfaces exclude regional language users from accessing services.

    Measures for Effective Implementation

    Bridge Digital Divide – Saturate rural connectivity through BharatNet expansion and affordable smartphones distribution.

    Mass Digital Literacy Drive – Scale PMGDISHA and Mission Karmayogi to all citizens and government employees.

    Citizen Co-creation – Engage citizens through MyGov, hackathons, and pilot testing before scaling projects.

    Outcome-Based Monitoring – Real-time dashboards, third-party audits, beneficiary feedback for course correction.

    Adopt Global Best Practices – Estonia’s X-Road, Once-Only Principle for seamless inter-departmental data sharing.

    For Viksit Bharat 2047, robust ICT governance demands inclusion, security, capacity, and citizen-centric design.

  • e-governance is not just about the routine application of digital technology in service delivery process. It is as much about multifarious interactions for ensuring transparency and accountability. In this context evaluate the role of the ‘Interactive Service Model’ of e-governance.

    The World Bank defines e-governance as the use by government agencies of information technologies that can transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.

    E-Governance – multifarious interactions for ensuring transparency and accountability.

    Government to Citizen (G2C)

    UMANG, DigiLocker – Online service access.

    CPGRAMS – Grievance redressal & feedback.

    MyGov, Jan Bhagidari – Citizen participation.

    Aadhaar-DBT, PM-KISAN – Direct benefit transfers.

    Government to Business (G2B)

    MCA21, GSTN, NSWS – Digital compliance & licensing.

    GeM Portal – Transparent procurement.

    Invest India, Ease of Doing Business Dashboard – Single-window clearance.

    Government to Government (G2G)

    PRAGATI, e-Office – Inter-departmental coordination.

    PFMS – Fund tracking & financial accountability.

    Government to Employee (G2E)

    SPARROW – Online performance appraisal.

    iGOT-Karmayogi – Capacity building & training.

    e-Office, HRMS – Paperless workflow.

    Interactive service model

    Role of the ‘Interactive Service Model’ of e-Governance

    Citizen-Centric Governance: Shifts from departmental silos to integrated, citizen-focused service delivery. Eg- Sakala (Karnataka) – time-bound, transparent service guarantee.

    Bridging Government-Citizen Gap: through digital and doorstep access to services. Eg- MPeSeva in Madhya Pradesh.

    Participative and Responsive Governance through two-way interaction between citizens and government. Eg- MyGov portal.

    Trust-Based Model of Governance through transparency and proactive disclosure of information. Eg- Jan Soochna Portal (Rajasthan) – real-time public data access.

    Transparency and Accountability in Service Delivery: Enables real-time grievance tracking and service feedback loops. Eg- CPGRAMS, UMANG, GeM Portal.

    Ensures zero tolerance to corruption through traceable digital transactions. Eg- DBT has saved

    Empowered and Informed Citizens to shape governance outcomes. Eg- Open Government Data Portal, NDAP.

    From Ad hoc to Whole-of-Government Approach: Promotes integrated and citizen-centric service delivery.

    Challenges in Implementing the Interactive Service Model

    Digital Divide: Only 43% of rural households have internet access (NFHS-5, 2021), limiting inclusivity.

    Digital Literacy: Merely 10% of rural population is digitally literate (NSSO data, 2022).

    Data Privacy and Security Risks: Eg- CoWIN data leak.

    Institutional Resistance to adopt open data and feedback-based systems.

    Multiple portals without integration and interoperability hinder seamless user experience.

    Exclusion and inclusion errors in digital systems reduce trust in e-services. Eg- authentication errors in Aadhaar-linked DBT or ration delivery.

    Weak Common Service Centre (CSC) Infrastructure: poor connectivity, limited equipment, and untrained staff

    Lack of People-Centric Governance: Most government websites are only in English, not in vernacular languages, excluding non-English users.

    Way Ahead

    Strengthening Digital Infrastructure: Extend optical fibre connectivity under BharatNet to all Gram Panchayats.

    Promote citizen digital engagement and training through PMGDISHA and Digital India initiatives.

    Embedding Digital Literacy in Education: Integrate e-literacy programmes like e-Kidz and IT Clubs in school curricula.

    Business Process Reengineering (2nd ARC): Simplify procedures, ensure platform integration, and promote seamless inter-departmental coordination.

    Leverage 4th Industrial Revolution Technologies: Use AI, IoT, and blockchain for predictive governance and smart delivery systems.

    This can transform e-Governance into a trust-based, citizen-driven, and participatory governance model.

  • E-governance projects have a built-in bias towards technology and back-end integration than user-centric designs. Examine.

    The World Bank defines e-governance as the use by government agencies of information technologies that can transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.

    E-governance Projects

    Government to Citizen (G2C) – UMANG, DigiLocker

    Government to Business (G2B) – MCA21, GSTN, GeM Portal

    Government to Government (G2G) – PRAGATI, e-Office

    Government to Employee (G2E) – SPARROW, iGOT-Karmayogi

    Built-in Bias Towards Technology and Back-End Integration

    Infrastructure-Centric Approach: Focus on servers, networks, and databases rather than citizen interface.

    Neglect of ease of access for end-users. Eg- complexity in GSTN and MCA 21 portals.

    Exclusion Errors: Aadhaar authentication failures lead to denial of benefits. Eg- Jharkhand PDS (2017) saw 10-15% exclusion (NITI Aayog).

    Technology Outpacing Capacity: Rapid adoption of AI, blockchain, and analytics without adequate digital literacy or institutional capacity at the local level.

    Lack of User-Centric Designs

    Language and Accessibility Barriers: Most portals available only in English, excluding non-English users.

    Complex Interfaces and Poorly designed websites discourage participation. Eg- multiple logins and verification steps.

    Digital Divide and Exclusion: Only 43% of rural households have internet (NFHS-5, 2021).

    Most systems lack built-in feedback loops or grievance redressal.

    Absence of Design Thinking: Systems designed from administrative, not citizen, perspective

    One-Size-Fits-All Approach: Uniform design ignores regional, gender, and social diversity, affecting inclusivity.

    However, there are few Achievements

    UMANG App: Unified access to 2,300+ government services in 23 languages

    MyGov Platform: Enables citizen consultation and idea crowdsourcing.

    Jan Soochna Portal (Rajasthan): Promotes proactive disclosure of welfare data.

    eSanjeevani Telemedicine Platform: Over 18 crore consultations, with simple, accessible interface for rural users.

    BHASHINI: Supports 35+ Indian languages, breaking language barriers and enhancing inclusivity.

    PMGDISHA: Over 6.3 crore citizens trained in digital literacy.

    Way Forward

    Adopt Design Thinking: Involve citizens in service design and usability testing.

    Local Language Interfaces: Scale BHASHINI integration across all digital services.

    Social Audits and Human Interface: Combine digital governance with local institutions for last-mile trust.

    Strengthen Digital Infrastructure: Accelerate BharatNet Phase-II to connect all Gram Panchayats

    India must move toward “Technology with Inclusion” – ensuring no beneficiary is left behind.

    Civil Society Organisations

  • Abhigyan App and NAFIS

    Why in the news?

    The Union Home Minister, Amit Shah, launched Abhigyan, a mobile application developed by the National Crime Records Bureau that enables police personnel to identify suspects through portable fingerprint scanning linked to the national fingerprint database.

    Abhigyan App

    • Enables police officers to capture fingerprints using portable scanners and smartphones.
    • Connected to the National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS).
    • Can match fingerprints with national records in about 35 seconds.
    • Features:
      • Real-time identification
      • Mobile access to criminal records
      • Two-factor authentication
      • Field-level policing support

    National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS)

    • Launched in 2022 by NCRB.
    • A centralized biometric database of Criminal suspects, Arrested persons, Convicts, and Prison inmates
    • Contains over 1.3 crore fingerprint records.
    • Facilitates nationwide sharing and matching of fingerprint data.

    Legal Basis

    • Based on the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022.
    • Authorizes collection of biometric measurements including Fingerprints, Palm prints, Iris and retina scans, Photographs, and Biological samples

    Significance

    • Faster identification of repeat offenders and absconders.
    • Strengthens inter-state criminal tracking.
    • Supports crime investigation and law enforcement.
    • Raises concerns regarding Privacy, Data protection, and Scope of biometric collection from individuals not formally accused.

    Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022

    • Replaced the Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920.
    • Expands the categories of persons whose biometric data can be collected.
    • NCRB is designated as the central repository of records.
    • Data may generally be retained for 75 years, subject to prescribed conditions.

    [2018] In addition to fingerprint scanning, which of the following can be used in the biometric identification of a person?
    1. Iris scanning
    2. Retinal scanning
    3. Voice recognition
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    [A] 1 only

    [B] 2 and 3 only

    [C] 1 and 3 only

    [D] 1, 2 and 3

  • NIXI Celebrates 23rd Foundation Day

    Why in News?

    The National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) is celebrating its 23rd Foundation Day on 19 June 2026, highlighting its role in strengthening India’s internet infrastructure and digital ecosystem.

    About NIXI

    • Established under the aegis of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
    • Not-for-profit organization promoting internet growth and resilience in India.
    • Functions:
      • Management of ‘.IN’ and ‘.भारत’ country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs).
      • Internet Exchange (IX) services.
      • Allocation of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses through the Indian Registry for Internet Names and Numbers (IRINN).

    Key Achievements

    • Manages over 3.9 million .IN domain names.
    • India is among the top 10 country-code domain registries globally.
    • Operates 79 Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) across the country.
    • Supports domain names in 22 Indian languages.
    • Facilitated migration of banking platforms to the .bank.in domain.
    • India’s IPv6 penetration has reached 78.34%.

    New Initiative

    • Launch of an AI-Powered WHOIS Screening Platform.
    • Aim: Improve trustworthiness of the .IN domain ecosystem. Strengthen domain security and fraud detection.

    Key Terms

    • Internet Exchange Point (IXP): Physical infrastructure through which Internet Service Providers (ISPs) exchange domestic internet traffic. Reduces latency and international bandwidth costs.
    • WHOIS: A public database that stores information about domain name registration, ownership, and administrative details.
    • IPv6: Latest version of the Internet Protocol. Provides a vastly larger address space than IPv4.

    Significance

    • Enhances India’s digital sovereignty.
    • Strengthens internet security and resilience.
    • Promotes multilingual internet access.
    • Supports the vision of a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.

    [2018] Which one of the following links all the ATMs in India?

    a) Indian Banks’ Association

    b) National Securities Depository Limited

    c) National Payments Corporation of India

    c) Reserve Bank of India

  • 4 Years of Jan Samarth Portal

    Why in the news?

    Jan Samarth Portal has completed four years since its launch on 6 June 2022, marking progress in digital financial inclusion and seamless credit delivery.

    About Jan Samarth Portal

    • A single-window digital platform for credit-linked government schemes.
    • Connects:
      • Beneficiaries
      • Banks
      • Government schemes through one integrated system.
    • Objective:
      • Simplify access to institutional credit.
      • Improve financial inclusion and digital lending.
    • Sectors covered:
      • Agriculture
      • Business
      • Housing
      • Renewable energy
      • Livelihoods.

    Schemes Available on the Portal

    Agriculture and Rural Sector

    • Kisan Credit Card
    • Agriculture Infrastructure Fund
    • Agri Clinics and Agri Business Centres Scheme (ACABC)

    Business and Livelihood

    • Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana
    • PM SVANidhi
    • Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme
    • Loan for Startups

    Renewable Energy

    • Rooftop Solar Installation Financing.

    Housing

    • Home loans for:
      • Economically Weaker Sections (EWS)
      • Lower Income Group (LIG)
      • Middle Income Group (MIG)

    Scale and Impact

    • Applications Processed 54.10 lakh applications processed.
    • Loan Value ₹3,00,951 crore applications processed through the portal.
    • Digital Approvals
    • 49.55 lakh beneficiaries approved.
    • ₹2,76,493.78 crore sanctioned digitally.

    [2020] Under the Kisan Credit Card scheme, short-term credit support is given to farmers for which of the following purposes?
    1.Working capital for maintenance of farm assets
    2.Purchase of combine harvesters, tractors and mini trucks
    3.Consumption requirements of farm households
    4.Post-harvest expenses
    5.Construction of family house and setting up of village cold storage facility
    Select the correct answer using the code given below:

    [A] 1, 2 and 5 only

    [B] 1, 3 and 4 only

    [C] 2, 3, 4 and 5 only

    [D] 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

  • NeSDA 2025 Portal

    Why in the news?

    The Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) launched the National e-Governance Service Delivery Assessment (NeSDA) 2025 Portal to strengthen digital governance and assess online public service delivery across India.

    What is NeSDA?

    NeSDA (National e-Governance Service Delivery Assessment) is:

    • A biennial assessment framework
    • Developed by DARPG
    • Based on the UN Online Service Index (OSI)
    • Customized for India’s federal structure

    Note: The UN Online Service Index (OSI) is a key component of the UN E-Government Development Index (EGDI) published by the United Nations. It measures the quality and availability of digital government services provided by countries through online platforms.

    Objective

    To assess:

    • Availability
    • Accessibility
    • Quality
    • Maturity of online government services

    Across:

    • States
    • Union Territories
    • Selected Central Ministries

    Key Features of NeSDA 2025

    Portal Categories

    • Government Portals
    • Service Delivery Portals

    Sectors Covered

    • Finance, Education, Labour & Employment, Agriculture, Health, Transport, Tourism, Public Grievance, Environment, Local Governance, and Corporate Affairs

    [2022] Consider the following:
    1. Aarogya Setu
    2. COWIN
    3. DigiLocker
    4. DIKSHA
    Which of the above are built on to open-source digital platforms?

    [A] 1 and 2 only

    [B] 2, 3 and 4 only

    [C] 1, 3 and 4 only

    [D] 1, 2, 3 and 4

  • [21st May 2026] The Hindu OpED: Preparing India for a credible digital census

    PYQ Relevance[UPSC 2023] e-governance, as a critical tool of governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency and accountability in governments. What inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these features?
    Linkage: This PYQ directly examines the limitations of digital governance, including implementation bottlenecks, accessibility, and administrative capacity. The article on the digital Census similarly highlights concerns of digital illiteracy, enumerator preparedness, omission errors, and data credibility.

    Mentor’s Comment

    India’s transition to a digital Census in 2027 marks a major institutional shift in governance and data collection. While digitisation can improve efficiency, the credibility of Census outcomes depends on questionnaire design, field testing, enumerator preparedness, and safeguards against exclusion and fraud. Since the 2027 Census will influence delimitation of Lok Sabha and Assembly constituencies, any enumeration error can have significant political and administrative consequences.

    How does the inclusion of caste enumeration alter the Census framework?

    1. Historic Shift: Introduces caste-related questions for the first time since Independence, making it a major methodological change.
    2. Political Sensitivity: Bihar and Karnataka caste surveys revealed that many communities may resist official numerical representation, making social acceptance a challenge.
    3. Pre-testing Requirement: Necessitates extensive field testing of definitions and schedules to ensure enumerators and respondents interpret caste categories uniformly.
    4. Administrative Implication: Influences future affirmative action debates, welfare targeting, and political mobilisation.

    Why does the Census method matter for political representation?

    1. Delimitation Linkage: Census population figures will be used for the next delimitation of Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assembly constituencies.
    2. Methodological Concern: India follows an extended de facto method, where people are counted at their usual residence during enumeration.
    3. Household Definition: Includes persons who share food from a common kitchen, including paying guests staying throughout the Census period.
    4. Electoral Implication: Variations in enumeration affect the distribution of political representation across States.
    5. Resident Qualification: A six-month residence requirement applies for voter registration, but Census coverage differs from electoral rolls.

    How can migration and NRIs distort Census outcomes?

    1. Large Migrant Population: India has around 1.58 crore NRIs, constituting over 1% of India’s population.
    2. Representation Impact: If all NRIs were grouped into one State, they could potentially influence around five Lok Sabha seats in future delimitation.
    3. Regional Disparity: States such as Kerala, Gujarat, Punjab, Telangana, and Tamil Nadu have disproportionately high migrant populations.
    4. Kerala Migration Survey 2023: Estimated nearly 22 lakh people from Kerala living or working abroad, indicating potential undercount risks.
    5. Seat Allocation Risk: Excluding migrant-heavy populations may result in loss of parliamentary representation for affected States.
    6. Possible Administrative Response: Considers collecting information on non-resident family members during enumeration to improve delimitation accuracy.

    Can a fully digital Census improve data quality?

    1. Digital Enumeration: Plans complete data collection using mobile electronic devices, mainly smartphones and tablets.
    2. Efficiency Gains: Enables faster processing, reduced manual tabulation, and greater response consistency.
    3. Enumerator Constraints: A large share of enumerators may lack digital familiarity, increasing implementation risks.
    4. Operational Evidence: During Karnataka’s Socio-Economic and Caste Survey, enumerators reportedly faced difficulties operating digital systems.
    5. Hybrid Alternative: Earlier planning for the 2021 Census proposed paper schedules later digitised from home, which could reduce operational disruptions.
    6. Confidentiality Concern: Assistance by family members or students to enumerators may create privacy and accountability issues.
    7. Quality Assurance: Requires mechanisms for detecting data-entry errors and validating responses.
    8. Self-Enumeration: Allows respondents to complete forms through smartphones or computers, increasing convenience but requiring safeguards.

    Why are questionnaire design and definitions central to Census credibility?

    1. Conceptual Complexity: Population enumeration questions are more complex than house-listing questions.
    2. Instruction Burden: Earlier Census exercises required extensive explanatory material, including around six printed pages explaining disability categories in the 2011 Census.
    3. Comprehension Challenge: Even seemingly simple questions, such as employment status during the last year, require nuanced understanding.
    4. Enumerator Variation: Over 30 lakh enumerators may interpret definitions inconsistently without standardised training.
    5. Embedded Clarification: Requires simplified wording and in-question explanations, instead of separate instruction manuals.

    How can respondent fatigue undermine Census reliability?

    1. Questionnaire Overload: Excessive questions can produce fatigue, incomplete responses, or inaccurate reporting.
    2. Household Burden: The form must be completed for every household member, increasing response complexity.
    3. Intentional Misreporting: Respondents may deliberately provide incorrect information to avoid follow-up questions.
    4. Self-Enumeration Risk: Digital self-reporting increases chances of skipping difficult or sensitive questions.

    Which categories of people are most vulnerable to omission?

    1. Domestic Workers: Persons such as servants, helpers, nurses, and unrelated dependents living within households face higher exclusion risks.
    2. Children in Hostels: Children temporarily residing away from home may be missed from household enumeration.
    3. Post-Enumeration Surveys: Previous surveys reported higher omission rates among distant relatives and unrelated household members.
    4. Questionnaire Design Solution: Questions on temporary absence and likelihood of return can reduce omission errors.
    5. Expanded Household Inquiry: Asking about non-relatives sharing meals and accommodation improves coverage.

    Can fraudulent enumeration compromise Census credibility?

    1. Manipulation Risk: Possibility of fraudulent enumeration by groups attempting demographic inflation cannot be ruled out.
    2. Historical Example: The 2001 Census cancellation in certain areas remains an institutional warning.
    3. Need for Vigilance: Requires field testing, monitoring systems, and verification mechanisms.

    Conclusion

    India’s first digital Census in 2027 can strengthen the quality, speed, and usability of demographic data, but technology alone cannot ensure credibility. Accurate enumeration will depend on well-tested questionnaires, trained enumerators, safeguards against exclusion, and robust verification mechanisms. Since Census outcomes will shape delimitation, welfare planning, and governance, India’s priority must be to ensure that digitisation enhances accuracy, inclusiveness, and public trust, rather than merely administrative efficiency.

  • Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI)

    Why in the News

    According to the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG), the Department of Financial Services’ Insurance Division topped the Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI) rankings in the Group A category for March 2026.

    About Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI)

    • The Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI) is an evaluation framework developed by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances to assess the performance of Ministries and Departments in handling public grievances.
    • The first edition, GRAI 2022, was released on 21 June 2023.

    Objective

    • To measure the effectiveness and efficiency of grievance redressal mechanisms.
    • To improve accountability and citizen-centric governance.
    • To evaluate how quickly and effectively ministries resolve grievances through the CPGRAMS platform.

    Four Major Dimensions

    • Efficiency
    • Feedback
    • Domain
    • Organisational Commitment
      • These dimensions are measured using 11 indicators.

    Significance of GRAI

    • Encourages timely disposal of grievances.
    • Promotes transparency in administration.
    • Improves public service delivery.
    • Creates competition among departments for better governance standards.
    • Strengthens citizen trust in government institutions.

    Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS)

    • CPGRAMS is an online grievance redressal platform that allows citizens to lodge complaints regarding public service delivery.
    • It is Available 24×7
    • A single integrated portal linked with Central Ministries, Departments, and States
    • Developed and monitored by: Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances under the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
    [2021] With reference to the Union Government, consider the following statements: 
    1. N. Gopalaswamy Iyengar Committee suggested that a minister and a secretary be designated solely for pursuing the subject of administrative reform and promoting it. 
    2. In 1970, the Department of Personnel was constituted on the recommendation of the Administrative Reforms Commission, 1966, and this was placed under the Prime Minister’s charge. 
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 
    [A] 1 only [B] 2 only [C] Both 1 and 2 [D] Neither 1 nor 2

  • Swasth Bharat Portal 

    Why in the News

    The Government of India has launched the Swasth Bharat Portal, a unified digital platform aimed at integrating fragmented health programme systems across the country.

    About Swasth Bharat Portal

    • A single integrated digital health platform
    • Designed to connect multiple health programme systems through:
      • API based interoperability

    What are Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)?

    • Instead of building unique, complex connections between every single system, APIs act as “universal translators” or bridges, allowing disparate tools to work together seamlessly without requiring deep knowledge of each other’s internal code

    Main Objectives

    • Eliminate duplicate data entry
    • Streamline reporting systems
    • Improve evidence based planning
    • Support faster decision making in health programmes

    Key Features

    • Unified Health Platform: Acts as a one stop aggregator for health programmes
    • Interoperability
    • Uses federated architecture and APIs
    • Enables seamless exchange of health data
    • Data VisualisationProvides tools for monitoring and local level planning
    [2022] With reference to Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, consider the following statements: 
    1. Private and public hospitals must adopt it. 
    2. As it aims to achieve universal health coverage, every citizen of India should be part of it ultimately. 
    3. It has seamless portability across the country.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 
    [A] 1 and 2 only [B] 3 only [C] 1 and 3 only [D] 1, 2 and 3