‘Civilsdaily has its finger on the pulse of UPSC’. And our students’ success rate is increasing year to year…The Hindu has already acknowledged CD’s 80% success rate.
Guys, Are you a beginner who has no idea about UPSC, but want to check if you have the aptitude for the same? Do you want to assess your performance and interest in UPSC before targetting 2023 preparation?
we have got the perfect opportunity for you. Presenting, Civilsdaily’s UPSC-CSE 2023, Free-To-Register National Scholarship on 5th & 12th June 2022.Both in Online and Offline Mode.
Last year’s scholarship test by Civilsdaily has seen a phenomenal response and pan India interest for the test. Many toppers have emerged out of the test to be subsequently mentored in the Civilsdaily Foundation Program. So aspirants, ensure you don’t miss out on the benefits of the test.
UPSC-CSE 2021 Hall of Fame:
…Still Counting…
Toppers’ Talk Series of our foundation course:
Yaksh Chaudhary AIR-6 UPSC CSE 2021 CD’s Hall Of FameMantri Mourya Bharadwaj AIR 28 UPSC CSE 2021Mantri Mourya Bharadwaj AIR 28 UPSC CSE 2021Rohan Kadam AIR 295 UPSC CSE 2021 Hall of FameSoham Mandre AIR 267 UPSC CSE 2021 Hall of FameSparsh Verma AIR 644 UPSC CSE 2021 Hall of Fame
1. Test your preparation on UPSC-CSE grade questions, at the national level.
2. Chance to compete against the best. See where you stand.
3. Identify your subject-wise strengths, weak points, and problem areas before you start preparation.
4. Mentors will provide personalized counseling based on your performance in the scholarship test.
5. A detailed discussion will help you navigate through the challenges during the preparation.
6. Achieve up to 50% scholarship in our exclusive umbrella foundation course.
Ultimate Assessment Program and Foundation Program include –
Mentorship (1:1, throughout the preparation till the Interview stage)
Masterclasses (complete GS syllabus covered, Only provided in Foundation course)
Samachar Manthan (Current affairs Programme)
Decimate Prelims (Prelims Crash course)
Mains Answer Writing Initiative (Every week)
Smash Mains (upon Qualifying prelims 2023)
Essay Guidance Program (To score above 120+ in Essay Mains Paper)
Interview Guidance Program (more than 1 mock interview will be conducted with a panel)
Civilsdaily IAS Community for Peer to Peer Interaction
The main objective of the program is to identify and nurture serious aspirants to become future UPSC toppers. And that’s why we have designed a scholarship test.
Our foundation course will be intensive yet personalized. You will be getting individual coaching on how to conquer the basics, develop analytical skills, inculcate conceptual clarity, and acquire the necessary knowledge to face the unpredictable and dynamic UPSC.
Apart from conducting subject-wise classes that cover all the Prelims-Mains syllabus from scratch, aspirants will follow a customized timetable and will complete their revision daily to attempt our weekly prelims and mains tests. Once the test is over, they will get a strategy call from a mentor, who will clear their doubts and tell them how to improve their performance from the next test onwards.
Simply put, you will be getting a unique coaching experience that eludes other UPSC aspirants. Even aspects like Essay, Ethics, and CSAT which are ignored in other normal coaching programs, will be covered over here with tests, mentorship, classes, and notes.
If you take the upcoming free UPSC national scholarship test and come out with flying colors, you will get about 50% scholarship on the Civilsdaily Flagship Foundation Course.
One year’s hard work of burning mid-night oil, revising those lengthy books like Laxmikant, making short notes, and updating your current affairs on daily basis.
It is said that UPSC Prelims is just a screening test to weed out the not-so-serious aspirants. Yet it can be brutal when your whole year’s hard work and dedication, is judged in just 120 minutes!
Some of you might be stressed and, some panicky. AND IT’S OKAY!
This post is simply a REMINDER to you guys that YOU ARE A FIGHTER.
You have been fighting for your dream every single day up till now, slogging through days and nights. Tomorrow is just one small battle you have to win to get closer to your dream. So, don’t let the last-minute jitter get the worst of you.
We, at Civilsdaily, want to wish you all the best for tomorrow. We will stand by you in your journey no matter what. There are certain things that we would want to share:
One step at a time – One question at one time: Tackle one question at a time, don’t get hung up on what you know or don’t know.
Do not think of results or cut-offs while still in the exam hall: Let’s take care of that. In 2 days, we will let you know all this information.
Self-control is strength and Calmness is power: Keep your thought process clear and don’t get tempted to mark answers just for the sake of attempting 90 questions.
Believe in yourself and the process: You are braver than you think, more talented than you know, and capable of more than you imagine.
Stay focussed: Focus on your strengths, not your weaknesses. It is time you utilise the best of your hard work.
Don’t consider this as Last minute “Gyan ki Baat”. This is just us wishing the best for you.
Guys, Anand Malhotra, AIR 67 will be LIVE today for a 1-1 session. He will be taking queries and will personally resolve each one of them. So, put up your question for Anand Malhotra below and set up a reminder for 7 pm today.
And many other untold secrets that only a topper can explain
So, whether you’re a Working Junta or a full-time college fresher, preparing for IAS 2023/24 & made up your mind, topper’s session can help you strategize and decipher the IAS exam and design a timetable that fits right in your hectic schedule. Besides he can help you pick the right books and craft a practical & personalstrategy.
An engineer and an IIM grad, Anand Malhotra secured AIR 67 in his second attempt. Before this, Anand had a stint with a startup and a tech MNC. as well. His optional was Sociology.
Anand, loves watching talk shows like TED, and would love to motivate and guide you.
Ask your UPSC preparation-related doubts, and Anand will be LIVE on 3rd June, 7pm to answer each one of your queries. Put up your question here (click)
Anand Malhotra didn’t wait for the opportunity, he created it!CivilsDaily is proud to say that 30+ of our students are in the top 100. And Anand Malhotra is one of them.
Anand Malhotra will be with you all LIVE on 3rd May 2022 at 7 pm. He will answer all your questions and resolve all queries.
What helped Anand to validate All India Rank under 100!
Understanding the expectations
Planning and strategizing
Learning
Analyzing
Execution
How to pluck loopholes
And many other untold secrets that a topper felt
So, whether you’re a Working Junta or a full-time college fresher, preparing for IAS 2023/24 & made up your mind, this session will help you strategize and decipher the IAS exam and gear your preparation in the right direction. Besides, he can help you pick the right books and craft a practical & personalstrategy.
CivilsDaily provides the most personalized, student-centric, and evidence-based, hand-holding mentorship
1. The first step starts with this Samanvaya call: Once you fill in the form, our senior mentors get on a 30-40 minute call with you to understand your prep level, working/ study constraints, and current strategies, and create a step by step plan for next week, next month and so on.
2. You are given access to our invite-only chat platform, Habitat where you can ask your daily doubts, discuss your test-prep questions and have real-time, live sessions on news and op-eds, and find your optional groups.
3. The third and the most personalized tier is the 1 on 1 mentor allotment who stays with you through the course of your UPSC preparation – always-on chat and on scheduled calls to help you assess, evaluate, and chart the next milestone of your IAS 2023 journey.
After making a grand Success-History on the internet, Civilsdaily now goes offline to add a new feather in its cap. Yes, this is the all-dimensional extension of CD. Whether it is online or offline, It’s a distinction without a difference.
Acknowledging the need to ensure removing difficulties, the OFFLINE students face, priority has been accorded to content, quality, and accuracy. With the focus on all-round development, Civilsdaily has made up its mind to launch the much-coveted ‘UPSC-CSE Foundation Program-2023 Offline Classroom Batch’ by the 3rd week of June 2022.
Come rain or shine, Civilsdaily’s dedicated offline mentor teachers group stands by all UPSC aspirants without a second thought.
….Still counting….The Hindu has solemnly acknowledged Civilsdaily’s high rated mentorship program.
EMI Facility Available@ No Extra Cost!
No Cost EMI Facility for Students enrolling in Civilsdaily’s Foundation Course 2023. This is ensure that financial burden has not remain a concern for your preparation.
Please note that there will be no processing fee involved and no hidden costs when you avail the EMI facility.
Civilsdaily’s Mentorship is clearly one brand which sets us apart from any other institute in this Domain.
Civilsdaily mentorship helps you in 6 key components of your preparation-
Direction– Civilsdaily’s mentors are highly qualified, with at least one year of mentorship experience and two UPSC CSE Interviews under their belts. They are well-versed in themany stages of preparation. These mentors will assist you in developing both a comprehensive and micro schedule. They’ll put together a weekly programme for you, complete with mentorship calls. This schedule will be created based on a thorough examination of the importance of subjects as well as the interconnection of topics to make it easier for students to grasp the material.
Discipline– The student will be held accountable to the mentor since he or she will be required to complete a weekly target set by the mentor.
Consistency– Students can retain consistency in their preparation by having their mentor monitor them constantly and giving them regular tests. Furthermore, rational scheduling aids pupils in adopting an integrated approach to preparation..
Value addition– Mentors also assist students with their questions and resources. Students become perplexed as to which resources to follow due to the abundance of content available on the market. Mentors can assist you in locating and referring to the most appropriate materials. This aids students in consolidating their resources and avoiding content overload. Mentors will also offer video assistance.Remember- the mantra to clear UPSC is MINIMUM RESOURCES, MAXIMUM REVISIONS.
Evaluation– The UAP/foundation curriculum also contains a prelims and mains testseries, as well as weekly 10 mains questions from Samachar Manthan (SM). Your mentor will go through each test with you and help you figure out your strengths and shortcomings. So, if you devote yourself to this programme, you will receive one-on-one assistance for more than 40 mains tests (including SM) and more than 30 prelims tests. Furthermore, each test will be examined twice by professional evaluators, with a mentor evaluating the results later.
Motivation– When you’re feeling down or don’t feel like studying, you can reach out to your mentor, have a conversation, get motivated, and restart your studies. Mentor-recommended relaxation techniques can assist you in learning more effectively.
Key Features about UPSC-CSE Foundation Program 2023 Offline Classroom Batch
Integrated Prelims, Mains and Essay Test Series along with Current Affairs and Personalized Mentorship.
UAP & Master Classes: Full coverage for GS prelims & mains.
Differentiators- Mentorship
Watch the lectures unlimited times
Combination of offline learning and in depth mentoring which gives students proper guidance throughout the preparation journey.
Pre cum mains offline foundation program contains every General Studies subject. Syllabus Wise each and every point will be covered in Prelims as well as in mains.
Post classes support of individual mentor
Notes and study materials: all necessary materials of static and current will be provided through hard copies.
A look at the programs in Our Foundation course
PRELIMS TS
40 PRELIMS MOCK TESTS (36 PAPER 1, 4 CSAT)
DEDICATED MONTHLY CA TEST
ALL INDIA RANKINGS
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS
MONTHLY CA MAGAZINES (NEWS, OP-ED, PIB, GOVT.REPORTS)
SAMACHAR MANTHAN
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS (VIDEO + NOTES)
MAINS LEVEL Q&A EVALUATION TO COMPLIMENT THE LECTURES
CHECKED COPY DISCUSSION ON PHONE/ IN-PERSON
MAINS TS
12 SECTIONAL + 12 FLTS
MODEL ANSWER SOLUTIONS
CHECKED COPY DISCUSSION ON PHONE/ IN-PERSON
ESSAY TS
14 TESTS (28 ESSAYS) ON 8 BROAD UPSC TRENDS SINCE 2010
Sajal Singh: Sajal sir is known to make Economics and IR as easy as a cakewalk. He scored one of the highest marks in GS in the 2017 UPSC exam. Under his guidance, more than 80 percent of Students qualified for UPSC interview 2020 in Smash mains Program.
Sudhanshu Mishra: Prior to benchmarking himself as Polity teacher at Civilsdaily, Sudhanshu Sir has served in the Defense Ministry for 10 years. He has a keen interest in regional and global geopolitics which do not only substantially reflect in his lectures but also had come in handy in several stages of his UPSC & PSCs exams.
He is also an MBA candidate Co’23 from IIM Kozhikode.
Sukanya Rana: Our Civilsdaily Mains Program Head Mrs. Sukanya Rana has been mentoring students across multiple stages from prelims to mains to interview. She is part of Smash Mains as Ethics Mentor ans helped Civilsdaily topper to achieve their dream. Interview in 2016.
Graduate from Miranda house in Geography and done MA from JNU in Geography. She is also a qualified Net JRF in Geography.
Other Senior Bureaucrats and toppers will also be joining for various lectures and guest session.
Shri V.P. Singh Sir, IRPS
Virendra Pratap Singh did is B.Tech from IIT Kharagpur in 2003. He joined the services with immense experience in the Private Sector working across domains in high profile companies like Tata Steel, Maruti Suzuki India Ltd, and Tata Motors. He has consistently scored very high marks in interviews. His 2009 score of 213/300 was among the toppers.
Himanshu Arora
Himanshu sir has a wide experience in the field of both academics and policy-making. He has earlier taught Economics at both under-graduate and Post-Graduate level in Delhi University. Currently, he is working at the Prime Minister economic advisory council. He also writes columns regularly in prestigious newspapers like The Hindu, Indian Express and Millenium post.
SD Singh
Dr. S D Singh sir, Retd IFoS, 1988 Batch, Uttarakhand Cadre. He is currently employed with MoEF as a senior consultant. He has 33 years of experience in forestry, environment, wildlife and biodiversity conservation.
Join our inaugural session:
Date:Will be announced soon
Address: 1 LGF, Apsara Arcade, Pusa Rd Next to Gate No.7 Karol Bagh, Metro, North Extn Area, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110060
Finally, Teachers Open The Doors, But You Must Enter By Yourself. Now, both the ways lie before you. If you like learning in a traditional classroom way, we are waiting for you at Rajendra Nagar. And if you prefer learning by staying at your home, we appear on the internet anytime you fit. All the best.
No more is it about isolating yourself and just doing current affairs, static, attending random classes, or reading a plethora of books. It’s time to bury the old ways for IAS preparation, for good.
“I didn’t escape from giving attempts though I used to lack confidence, family constraints, and commitments. I joined CD’s 1-1 mentorship courses and tried attending each & every session of “Mission 2021” daily. And today I can’t but say that I regained enough confidence to sit for and secured my name in the top rankers list in UPSC 2021.”- Our beloved student said.
CD’s mentors want nothing but the success of students
Who are you?
Working Junta? If you are preparing for IAS 2023/24 and working simultaneously, we can help you strategize and decipher the IAS exam and design a timetable that fits right in your hectic schedule.
First-time prep? If you are in the last year of college or thinking of dropping a year and preparing for IAS 2023 full time, we can help you pick the right books and craft a practical & personalstrategy.
You just have to take 5 minutes out and fill out this form: Samanvaya For IAS 2023
1. The first step starts with this Samanvaya call: Once you fill in the form, our senior mentors get on a 30-40 minute call with you to understand your prep level, working/ study constraints, and current strategies, and create a step by step plan for next week, next month and so on.
2. You are given access to our invite-only chat platform, Habitat where you can ask your daily doubts, discuss your test-prep questions and have real-time, live sessions on news and op-eds, and find your optional groups.
3. The third and the most personalized tier is the 1 on 1 mentor allotment who stays with you through the course of your UPSC preparation – always-on chat and on scheduled calls to help you assess, evaluate, and chart the next milestone of your IAS 2023 journey.
No Exhibition. It was Exertion: Why you need ‘Handholding mentors’!
We’ve had a discussion with around 2700 IAS aspirants (beginners and veterans) last month and all of them had doubts related to either sources and books or answer writing and even essays and interviews.
Broadly, six factors determine your success in cracking this prestigious IAS-2023 exam and the most important being understandingthe expectations of UPSC and according to that planning and strategizing; other being Learning – Knowledge and information; Analyzing – making linkages, connections, etc.; Executing and utilizing information; and Constant course correction – because mistakes are inevitable, need to rectify them asap.
CivilDaily’s mentorship will ensure you are following this pattern
India rapidly emerges as a preferred investment destination with Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows increasing 20-fold in the last 20 years.
Highest ever annual FDI inflow of 83.57 billion US Dollars were recorded in the Financial Year 2021-22.
This figure stood at 45.15 billion US Dollars.
Major feats achieved this year
In terms of investor countries of FDI Equity inflow, Singapore is at the top with 27%, followed by the US with 18% and Mauritius with 16% for the FY 2021-22.
‘Computer Software & Hardware’ has emerged as the top recipient sector of FDI Equity inflow during this period with around 25% share followed by Services Sector and Automobile Industry with 12% each.
With53 % Karnataka has received the majority share of FDI equity in the `Computer Software & Hardware’ sector.
Significance of rising FDI
This is a testament of India’s status among global investors.
It also signifies political, economic and social stability
What is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?
An FDI is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country.
It is thus distinguished from a foreign portfolio investment by a notion of direct control.
FDI may be made either “inorganically” by buying a company in the target country or “organically” by expanding the operations of an existing business in that country.
Broadly, FDI includes “mergers and acquisitions, building new facilities, reinvesting profits earned from overseas operations, and intra company loans”.
In a narrow sense, it refers just to building a new facility, and lasting management interest.
Features of FDI
Any investment from an individual or firm that is located in a foreign country into a country is FDI.
Generally, FDI is when a foreign entity acquires ownership or controlling stake in the shares of a company in one country, or establishes businesses there.
It is different from foreign portfolio investment where the foreign entity merely buys equity shares of a company.
In FDI, the foreign entity has a say in the day-to-day operations of the company.
FDI is not just the inflow of money, but also the inflow of technology, knowledge, skills and expertise.
It is a major source of non-debt financial resources for the economic development of a country.
FDI in India
Foreign investment was introduced in 1991 under Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), driven by then FM Manmohan Singh.
Economic liberalisation started in India in the wake of the 1991 crisis and since then, FDI has steadily increased in the country.
India, today is a part of top 100-club on Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) and globally ranks number 1 in the Greenfield FDI ranking.
There are two routes by which India gets FDI.
1) Automatic route: By this route, FDI is allowed without prior approval by Government or RBI.
2) Government route: Prior approval by the government is needed via this route. The application needs to be made through Foreign Investment Facilitation Portal, which will facilitate the single-window clearance of FDI application under Approval Route.
India imposes a cap on equity holding by foreign investors in various sectors, current FDI in aviation and insurance sectors is limited to a maximum of 49%.
In 2015 India overtook China and the US as the top destination for the Foreign Direct Investment.
Sectors that come under the ‘ 100% Automatic Route’ category are
Agriculture & Animal Husbandry, Air-Transport Services (non-scheduled and other services under civil aviation sector)
Airports (Greenfield + Brownfield),
Asset Reconstruction Companies,
Auto-components, Automobiles,
Biotechnology (Greenfield),
Broadcast Content Services (Up-linking & down-linking of TV channels, Broadcasting Carriage Services,
Capital Goods, Cash & Carry Wholesale Trading (including sourcing from MSEs), Chemicals, Coal & Lignite, Construction Development,
Construction of Hospitals,
E-commerce Activities, Electronic Systems,
Food Processing, Gems & Jewellery, Healthcare, Industrial Parks, IT & BPM, Leather, Manufacturing, Mining & Exploration of metals & non-metal ores, Other Financial Services,
Sectors that come under up to 100% Automatic Route’ category are–
Infrastructure Company in the Securities Market: 49%
Insurance: up to 49%
Medical Devices:up to 100%
Pension: 49%
Petroleum Refining (By PSUs): 49%
Power Exchanges: 49%
Sectors that come under the ‘up to 100% Government Route’ category are–
Banking & Public sector: 20%
Broadcasting Content Services: 49%
Core Investment Company: 100%
Food Products Retail Trading: 100%
Mining & Minerals separations of titanium bearing minerals and ores: 100%
Multi-Brand Retail Trading: 51%
Print Media (publications/ printing of scientific and technical magazines/ specialty journals/ periodicals and facsimile edition of foreign newspapers): 100%
Print Media (publishing of newspaper, periodicals and Indian editions of foreign magazines dealing with news & current affairs): 26%
Satellite (Establishment and operations): 100%
FDI prohibition
There are a few industries where FDI is strictly prohibited under any route. These industries are
Atomic Energy Generation
Any Gambling or Betting businesses
Lotteries (online, private, government, etc.)
Investment in Chit Funds
Nidhi Company
Agricultural or Plantation Activities (although there are many exceptions like horticulture, fisheries, tea plantations, Pisciculture, animal husbandry, etc.)
Housing and Real Estate (except townships, commercial projects, etc.)
Trading in TDR’s
Cigars, Cigarettes, or any related tobacco industry
Benefits offered by FDI
Employment generation: FDI boosts the manufacturing and services sector which results in the creation of jobs and helps to reduce unemployment rates in the country.
Economic growth: Increased employment translates to higher incomes and equips the population with more buying powers, boosting the overall economy of a country.
Human capital development: Skills that employees gain through training and experience can boost the education and human capital of a specific country. Through a ripple effect, it can train human resources in other sectors and companies.
Technology boost: The introduction of newer and enhanced technologies results in company’s distribution into the local economy, resulting in enhanced efficiency and effectiveness of the industry.
Increase in exports: Many goods produced by FDI have global markets, not solely domestic consumption. The creation of 100% export oriented units help to assist FDI investors in boosting exports from other countries.
Exchange rate stability: The flow of FDI into a country translates into a continuous flow of foreign exchange, helping a country’s Central Bank maintain a prosperous reserve of foreign exchange which results in stable exchange rates.
Improved Capital Flow: Inflow of capital is particularly beneficial for countries with limited domestic resources, as well as for nations with restricted opportunities to raise funds in global capital markets.
Creation of a Competitive Market: By facilitating the entry of foreign organizations into the domestic marketplace, FDI helps create a competitive environment, as well as break domestic monopolies.
Climate mitigation: The United Nations has also promoted the use of FDI around the globe to help combat climate change
Limitations created by FDI
Hindrance of domestic investment: Sometimes FDI can hinder domestic investment. Because of FDI, countries’ local companies start losing interest to invest in their domestic products.
Risk from political changes: Other countries’ political movements can be changed constantly which could hamper the investors.
Negative exchange rates: FDI can sometimes affect exchange rates to the advantage of one country and the detriment of another.
Higher costs: When investors invest in foreign counties, they might notice that it is more expensive than when goods are exported. Oftentimes, more money is invested into machinery and intellectual property than in wages for local employees.
Economic non-viability: Considering that FDI may be capital-intensive from the point of view of the investor, it can sometimes be very risky or economically non-viable.
Expropriation: Constant political changes can lead to expropriation. In this case, those countries’ governments will have control over investors’ property and assets.
Modern-day economic colonialism: Many third-world countries, or at least those with a history of colonialism, worry that foreign direct investment would result in some kind of modern-day economic colonialism, which exposes host countries and leave them vulnerable to foreign companies’ exploitation.
Poor performance: Multinationals have been criticized for poor working conditions in foreign factories.
Recent amendments in 2020
The govt. has amended para 3.1.1 of extant FDI policy as contained in Consolidated FDI Policy, 2017.
In the event of the transfer of ownership of any existing or future FDI in an entity in India, directly or indirectly, resulting in the beneficial ownership, such subsequent change in beneficial ownership will also require Government approval.
The present position and revised position in the matters will be as under:
Present Position
A non-resident entity can invest in India, subject to the FDI Policy except in those sectors/activities which are prohibited.
However, a citizen of Bangladesh or an entity incorporated in Bangladesh can invest only under the Government route.
Further, a citizen of Pakistan or an entity incorporated in Pakistan can invest, only under the Government route, in sectors/activities other than defence, space, atomic energy and sectors/activities prohibited for foreign investment.
Revised Position
A non-resident entity can invest in India, subject to the FDI Policy except in those sectors/activities which are prohibited.
[spot the difference]
However, an entity of a country, which shares a land border with India or where the beneficial owner of investment into India is situated in or is a citizen of any such country, can invest only under the Government route.
Further, a citizen of Pakistan or an entity incorporated in Pakistan can invest, only under the Government route, in sectors/activities other than defence, space, atomic energy and sectors/activities prohibited for foreign investment.
Various policy initiatives
The government has taken plenty of initiatives to attract FDI in India:
The government has amended rules of the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), allowing up to 20% FDI in the insurance company LIC through the automatic route.
The Government of India is considering easing scrutiny on certain FDI from countries that share a border with India.
The implementation of measures like PM Gati Shakti, single window clearance and GIS-mapped land bank are expected to push FDI inflows in 2022.
The government is likely to introduce at least three policies as part of the Space Activity Bill in 2022. This Bill is expected to clearly define the scope of foreign FDI in the Indian space sector.
In September 2021, the Union Cabinet announced that to boost the telecom sector, they’ll allow 100% FDI via the automatic route in, up from the previous 49%.
In August 2021, the government amended the Foreign Exchange Management (non-debt instruments) Rules, 2019, to allow the 74% increase in FDI limit in the insurance sector.
Congratulations! You didn’t wait for the opportunity, you created it!
Guys! Again that happiest moment came. We, the Civilsdaily team, stand extremely proud to announce the unbelievable achievements of our students who have made their dreams come true. Today, hard work, commitment, and dedication glorified us! and we are extremely happy to have been a part of their journey.
We are glad to reveal that 200+ Civilsdaily students (still counting) are now top rank holders in UPSC final merit list. Our success rate has increased by 80% from last year in terms of rank holders. We, the Civilsdaily family, pride ourselves on the number of our top 100-ranked students. This is a distinctive increase in our success rate for the top 100 and overall positions since last year.
And finally, we feel indebted to our Mentors. Their tireless efforts, step-by-step guidance, experienced mentorship, round-the-clock support, and dedication to working with the students day-in and day-out helped our students become officers today. And this has led to this wonderful occasion where we celebrate the grand success of our students together!
Our heroes of today and the leaders of tomorrow!
6
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Yaksh Chaudhary
15
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C Yaswanth Kumar Reddy
28
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Mantri Mourya Bharadwaj
29
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Bhavishya
32
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Navandar Anay Nitin
38
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Ravi Kumar
40
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Kushal Jain
42
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Swathi Sree T
43
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Shubham Shukla
44
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Anjali Shrotriya
46
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Ramya C S
49
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Divyansh Singh
50
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Abhijit Ray
55
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Pratibha Dahiya
62
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Tirumani Sri Pooja
67
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Anand Malhotra
80
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Nikhil Mahajan
88
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Aman Agarwal
93
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Deepesh Kumari
102
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Prakhar Chandrakar
111
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C B Rex
114
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Ajey Singh Rathore
116
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Shambhavi Mishra
118
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Melvyn Varghese
120
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Tanushree Meena
133
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Kishlay Kushwaha
136
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Arugula Sneha
141
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Praveen Singh Charan
150
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Navdeep Aggarwal
153
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Divyansh Shukla
172
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Simran Bhardwaj
204
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Arjit Mahajan
205
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Durga Prasad Adhikary
213
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Manoj Ramanath Hegde
216
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Divyanjali Jaiswal
220
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Garima
230
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Tanmay Kale
235
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Aswin Mani Deep Kakumanu
266
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Anuradha
267
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Mandhare Soham Sunil
284
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Priya Rani
295
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Rohan Kadam
308
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Aruna M
325
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Kajale Vaibhav
337
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Akash Joshi
381
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Manoj Kumar Yadav
395
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Sisle Swapnil Mahadeo
398
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Mhetre Sayali Narayan
404
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Ramkrishna Saran
405
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Manjeet Kumar
408
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Mahajan Harshal Rajesh
411
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Amit Anand
415
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Sulochana Meena
446
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Manish Agrawal
478
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Rishabh
483
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Singh Prabhat Gyanendra
487
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Rakesh Kumar Singh
499
4118984
Mukesh Kumar Gupta
515
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Karandeep
516
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Mohammed Siddiq Shariff
524
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Nidhi
573
879324
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576
803598
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626
6708120
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629
5920417
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644
2600288
Sparsh Verma
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With almost absolute power the Governor-General and viceroy played a significant role in the shaping history of the country. Following are some of these important figures and significant events and major reforms carried out by them.
Governor Generals of Bengal/India (Period)
Important events/Reforms
Warren Hastings
(1773-1785)
Regulating Act of 1773.
First Governor-General of Bengal.
End of the dual system of administration (1765-1772).
Supreme Court at Calcutta.
Wrote Introduction to the first English translation of Gita.
Founded Madarasa Aliya at Calcutta.
Lord Cornwallis
(1786-1793)
Separation of three branches of service: commercial, judicial and revenue.
Permanent Land Revenue Settlement of Bengal-1793.
Reformed, modernised and rationalised the civil service.
Introduced the Cornwallis Code.
Sanskrit College, Varanasi.
Lord Wellesley
(1797-1805)
Introduction of Subsidiary Alliance System.
Fourth Anglo-Mysore war.
Fort William College, Calcutta.
Lord Hastings
(1813-1823)
Anglo-Nepal War (1814-16)
Third Anglo-Maratha War-(1817-19) and dissolution of Maratha confederacy.
Introduction of Ryotwari System of Thomas Munro, Governor of Madras-1820.
Lord William Bentinck
(1828-1835)
Charter Act of 1833.
Abolition of Sati-1829.
Resolution of 1835 and Education reforms and introduction of English as the official language.
The annexation of Mysore-1831, Coorg, and Central Cachar-1831.
Lord Dalhousie
(1848-1856)
Introduction of the Doctrine of Lapse and annexations of Satara-1848, Jaitpur and Sambhalpur-1849, Udaipur-1852, Jhansi-1853, Nagpur-1854 and Awadh-1856.
Wood’s Dispatch of 1854.
Railway Minute of 1853.
Telegraph and Postal reforms.
Widow Remarriage Act-1856.
Lord Canning
(1856-1857)
Establishment of universities at Bombay, Madras and Calcutta.
Mutiny of 1857.
Governor-General and Viceroy of India (Period)
Important events/Reforms
Lord Canning
(1858-1862)
First Voiceroy of India.
Transfer of control from East India Company to the Crown by the Government of India Act 1858
Indian Councils Act-1861
Lord Mayo
(1869-1872)
Opening of Rajkot College in Kathiawad and Mayo College at Ajmer for political training of Indian Princes.
Statistical Survey of India was established.
Department of Agriculture and Commerce was established.
Introduction of state railways.
Lord Lytton
(1876-1880)
The Great Famine of 1876 affecting Bombay, Madras, Mysore, Hyderabad, Central India and Punjab.
Appointment of Famine Commission under the presidency of Richard Strachey.
Vernacular Press Act was passed- 1878.
The Arms Act-1878.
Lord Ripon
(1880-1884)
Education Commission 1882 under William Hunter-1882.
Ilbert Bill controversy.
Repeal of Vernacular Press Act in 1882.
The First Factory Act in 1881 to improve labour conditions.
Government resolution on local self government-1882.
Lord Dufferin
(1884-1888)
Establishment of Indian National Congress.
Lord Lansdowne
(1888-1894)
The categorisation of civil services into imperial, provincial and subordinate.
Indian Councils Act-1892
Durand Commission (1893) was set up to define the Durand Line between India and Afghanistan.
Lord Curzon
(1899-1905)
Police Commission (1902) was appointed under Sir Andrew Frazer.
University Commission (1902) was appointed and Universities Act (1904) was passed.
Department of Commerce and Industry was established.
Calcutta Corporation Act-1899
Partition of Bengal (1905).
Lord Minto-II
(1905-1910)
Popularisation of anti-partition and Swadeshi Movements.
Split in Indian National Congress at Surat in 1907.
Indian Muslim League was established by Aga Khan (1907)
Morley-Minto reforms or Indian Councils Act 1909.
Lord Hardinge-II
(1910-1916)
Transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi (1911).
Establishment of Hindu Mahasabha (1915) by Madan Mohan Malviya.
Lord Chelmsford
(1916-1921)
Home Rule League was formed by Annie Besant and Tilak (1916)
Lucknow session of Congress (1916).
Lucknow Pact between Congress and Muslim League (1916).
Champaran Satyagraha (1918), and Satyagraha at Ahmadabad (1918).
Montague’s August Declaration.
Government of Indian Act- 1919
Jallianwalla Bagh massacre (1919).
Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements were launched.
Foundation of Women’s University at Poona (1916) and Saddler’s Commission was appointed for reforms in educational policy.
Appointment of S. P. Sinha as governor of Bihar first Indian to do so.
Lord Reading
(1921-1926)
The Chaura-Chauri Incident-Feb5, 1922 and withdrawal of Non-Cooperation movement.
Moplah rebellion in Kerala (1921).
Repeal of the Press Act of 1910 and Rowlatt Act of 1919.
Kakori train robbery (1925)
Establishment of Swaraj Party (1922).
The decision to hold a simultaneous examination for ICS in Delhi and London with effect from 1923.
Lord Irwin
(1926-1931)
Simon Commission-1928
Appointment of the Harcourt Butler Indian States Commission (1927)
Murder of Saunders and Bomb blast in the Assembly Hall of Delhi-1929
Lahore session of Congress 1929 and Purna Swaraj Resolution.
Dandi March (12 March, 1929) and launch of Civil Disobedience Movement.
Lord Willingdon
(1931-1936)
Second Round Table Conference and failure of the conference, resumption of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Announcement of the Communal Award (1932).
Poona Pact (1932)
Third Round Table Conference 1932.
The Government of India Act, 1935.
Establishment of All India Kisan Sabha 1936.
Establishment of Congress Socialist Party by Acharya Narendra Dev and Jayaprakash Narayan (1934)
Lord Linlithgow
(1936-1944)
First general elections were held and Congress attained absolute majority (1936-1937).
Congress ministers resigned (1937) after the outbreak of WW-II
Subhash Chandra Bose elected as the president of Congress-1938.
Lahore Resolution by Muslim League for the demand of separate state for Muslims.
August Offer by the viceroy-1940.
Cripp’s Mission to India
Passing of the Quit India Resolution by Congress-1942
Lord Wavell
(1944-1947)
C Rajgopalachari’s CR Formula (1944) and Gandhi-Jinnah Talks failed.
Wavell Plan and the Shimla Conference (1942)
Cabinet Mission and Congress accepted its plan 1946
Observance of the ‘Direct Action Day’ (16 August 1946) by the Muslim League.
Elections to the Constituent Assembly and formation of Interim Government by the Congress (September 1946).
Announcement of the end of British rule in India by Clement Attlee on February 20, 1946
Lord Mountbatten
(1947-48)
June Third Plan (June 3, 1947) announced.
Introduction of Indian Independence Bill in the House of Commons.
Appointment of two boundary commissions under Sir Cyril Radcliff for the partition of Bengal and Punjab.
Important Acts During British India
In India, the British Government passed various laws and acts before the formulation of the constitution. The Regulating Act of 1773 was enacted as a first step to regulate the working of East India Company. However, the Indian Independence Act, 1947 finally ended the British rule in India and declared India as an independent and sovereign nation with effect from August 15, 1947.
The Regulating Act of 1773
The Regulating Act of 1773 was enacted as a first step to regulate the working of East India Company
The Gov of Bengal was made Gov General of Bengal. He was assisted by 4 people. This 4+1 becomes became Supreme Council of Bengal also known as the GG’s Exec Council.
A Supreme Court was established in Bengal comprising of a chief justice and three other judges
Pitts’s India Act, 1784
We see a shrinking of the Council from 4 members to 3 members. Hence 3+1 is the renewed GG’s Executive Council.
Board of control was established to control the civil, military and revenue affairs of the company
The Court of Proprietors was no more empowered to revoke or suspend the resolution of the directors approved by the Board of Control.
Charter Act of 1833
The Governor-General of Bengal was made the Governor-General of India. The first Governor-General of India was William Bentinck.
He was given legislative powers over entire India including the Governors of Bombay and Madras.
The company lost the status of a commercial body and was made purely an administrative body.
This Act. was the first law to distinguish between the executive and legislative powers of the Gov General.
A 4th member was introduced who could only discuss and vote only on the legislative matter.
Council of India = [(3+1) + 1(4th member also called the Law Member)]
The first such Law Member was Macaulay. This Council of India was, to a certain extent, the Legislature. Strength of the Executive remained 3+1 .
Charter Act of 1853
From here on, we see a gradual increase in the membership of the Council and further separation of powers.
Access to compete in civil services for Indians.
It brought out the separation in the legislative and executive functions of the Governor-General’s council.
The 4th member (Law Member)was included as a full-time Member in the GG’s Executive Council. His position was taken by 6 Members referred to as Legislative Councillors.
Council of India = [(4+1) + 6(Legislative Councillors) + 1 Commander-in-Chief]
6 Councillors were,
1 Chief Judge of SC of Calcutta.
1 Judge of SC of Calcutta
4 members of the ICS
Government of India Act, 1858
India was to be governed by and in the name of the crown through Viceroy, who would be the representative of the crown in India.
The designation of Governor-General of India was changed to Viceroy. Thus, Governor-General Lord Canning became the first Viceroy of India
Board of Control and Board of directors were abolished transferring all their powers to British Crown
A new office ‘secretary of state was created with a 15 member council of India to assist him. Indian Councils Act, 1861
The major focus of the act was on administration in India. It was the first step to associate Indians to legislation.
The act provided that the viceroy should nominate some Indians as non-official members in the legislative council.
The legislative powers of Madras and Bombay presidencies were restored. It provided for the establishment of legislative councils for Bengal, North-Western Frontier Province (NWFP) and Punjab.
Viceroy was empowered to issue ordinances during an emergency without the concurrence of the legislative council.
Indian Councils Act of 1861
After 1861, the Council was called Imperial Legislative Council(ILC) or Indian Legislative Council(ILC). The Executive was further enhanced by 1 member.
The Viceroy now had the power to Nominate 6 – 12 Non-Official members in the Legislature who would be holding the office for 2 years.
ILC = [(5+1) + (Additional Members -> Minimum 6, Maximum 12)]
The composition of Additional Members was as follows:
50% Nominated Official Members
50% Nominated Non-Official Members
The Act thus sowed the seed for the future Legislative as an independent entity separate from the Executive Council.
Indian Councils Act of 1892
Due to the excessive demand of the Congress, the Additional Members were increased. Additional Members -> Minimum 10, Maximum 12.
ILC = [(5+1) + (Additional Members -> Minimum 10, Maximum 16)]
The composition of Additional Members was as follows:
Nominated official members (those nominated by the Governor-General and were government officials)
5 Nominated Non-Officials (nominated by the Governor-General but were not government officials)
4 Nominated by the Provincial Legislative Councils of Bengal Presidency, Bombay Presidency, Madras Presidency and North-Western Provinces.
1 Nominated by the Chamber of Commerce in Calcutta.
Indian Councils Act of 1909: The Morley-Minto reforms
It introduced for the first time the method of election.
The additional members of the Governor-General Council were increased from 16 to a maximum of 60.
The composition of Additional Members was as follows:
Nominated official members (those nominated by the Governor-General and were government officials)
Nominated non-official members (nominated by the Governor-General but were not government officials)
Elected Members (elected by different categories of Indian people)
It provided for the association of Indians in the executive council of the Viceroy and Governors. Satyendra Prasad Sinha joined the Viceroy’s executive council as a law member.
It introduced Separate Electorate for Muslims.
Indian Councils Act of 1919: The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
Central Legislature thereafter called the Indian Legislature was reconstituted on the enlarged and more representative character.
The act set up bicameral legislatures at the centre consisting of two houses- the Council of the States (Upper House) and the Central Legislative Assembly (Lower House).
It consisted of the Council of State consisted of 60 members of whom 34 members were elected and the Legislative Assembly consisted of about 145 members, of whom about 104 were elected and the rest nominated.
Of the nominated members, about 26 were officials. The powers of both the Chambers of the Indian Legislature were identical except that the power to vote supply was granted only to the Legislative Assembly.
The central and provincial subjects were demarcated and separated.
The Provincial subjects were further divided into Transferred Subjects and Reserved Subjects, the legislative council had no say in the latter. This was known as the system of Diarchy.
The principle of separate electorate was further extended to Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans.
It provided for the appointment of a statutory commission to report the working of the act after ten years
The Government of India Act1935
It marked the next great stride in the evolution of the Legislatures.
The Federal Legislature was to consist of two Houses, the House of Assembly called the Federal Assembly and the Council of States.
The Federal Assembly was to consist of 375 members, 250 to represent Provinces and 125 to represent the Indian States, nominated by the Rulers.
The representatives of the Provinces were to be elected not directly but indirectly by the Provincial Assemblies.
The term of the Assembly was fixed as five years.
The Council of State was to be a permanent body not subject to dissolution, but one-third of the members should retire every three years.
It was to consist of 260 members. 104 representatives of Indian States, six to be nominated by the Governor-General, 128 to be directly elected by territorial communal constituencies and 22 to be set apart for smaller minorities, women and depressed classes.
The two Houses had in general equal powers but demands for supply votes and financial Bills were to originate in the Assembly.
The principle of Separate Electorate was extended to depressed classes, women and workers.
Provided for the formation of Reserve bank of India
Indian Independence Act, 1947
The act formalized the Lord Mountbatten Plan regarding the independence of India on June 3, 1947.
The Act ended the British rule in India and declared India as an independent and sovereign nation with effect from August 15, 1947.
Provided for the partition of India into two dominions of India and Pakistan
The office of Viceroy was abolished and a Governor-General was to be appointed in each of the dominions
The Constituent Assemblies of the two dominions were to have powers to legislate for their respective territories.
Princely states were free to join any of the two dominions or to remain independent.
India agreed to be a part of the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF), a US-led economic grouping comprising 12 countries.
The recent Quad meet in Tokyo initiated the path for negotiations among the ‘founding members.’
What is IPEF?
It is a US-led framework for participating countries to solidify their relationships and engage in crucial economic and trade matters that concern the region, such as building resilient supply chains battered by the pandemic.
It is not a free trade agreement. No market access or tariff reductions have been outlined, although experts say it can pave the way to trade deals.
Members of IPEF
The member nations include Australia, Brunei, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
It includes seven out of 10 members of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), all four Quad countries, and New Zealand.
Together, these countries account for 40 per cent of the global GDP.
Four pillars of IPEF
Trade that will include digital economy and emerging technology, labor commitments, the environment, trade facilitation, transparency and good regulatory practices, and corporate accountability, standards on cross-border data flow and data localisations;
Supply chain resilience to develop “a first-of-its-kind supply chain agreement” that would anticipate and prevent disruptions;
Clean energy and decarbonization that will include agreements on “high-ambition commitments” such as renewable energy targets, carbon removal purchasing commitments, energy efficiency standards, and new measures to combat methane emissions; and
Tax and anti-corruption, with commitments to enact and enforce “effective tax, anti-money laundering, anti-bribery schemes in line with [American] values”.
How do members participate?
Countries are free to join (or not join) initiatives under any of the stipulated pillars but are expected to adhere to all commitments once they enrol.
Negotiations are meant to determine and list the provisions under each pillar and open the floor for countries to choose their ‘commitments’.
The framework would be open to other countries willing to join in the future provided they are willing to adhere to the stipulated goals and other necessary obligations.
Reasons for the creation of IPEF
US regaining lost credibility: IPEF is also seen as a means by which the US is trying to regain credibility in the region after Trump pulled out of the Trans Pacific Partnership TPP).
Rising Chinese influence: Since then, there has been concern over the absence of a credible US economic and trade strategy to counter China’s economic influence in the region.
Competing RCEP: It is also in the 14-member Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, of which the US is not a member (India withdrew from RCEP).
“Pivot to Asia” strategy: US has intensified its engagement with the wider Asia-Pacific region to advance its economic and geopolitical interests.
India’s perception of IPEF
PM Modi described the grouping as born from a collective desire to make the Indo-Pacific region an engine of global economic growth.
India has called for common and creative solutions to tackle economic challenges in the Indo-Pacific region.
What does it have to do with China?
The US strategists believe the US lacks an economic and trade strategy to counter China’s increasing economic influence in the region since 2017.
US companies are looking to move away from manufacturing in China.
IPEF would therefore offer an advantage to participating countries, allowing them to bring those businesses into their territory.
However, it officially excluded Taiwan despite its willingness and economic merit to join.
This exhibits Washington’s geopolitical caution.
Reactions from the opponents
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi criticized the initiative as an attempt to further economic decoupling from China.
He argued that the initiative, and the US Indo-Pacific strategy as a whole, created divisions and incited confrontation. It is destined to be ultimately be a failure.
Taiwan was excluded in order to appease key “fence-sitter” countries such as Indonesia whose governments feared angering China.
Issues with IPEF framework
IPEF would neither constitute a ‘free trade agreement,’ nor a forum to discuss tariff reductions or increasing market access.
Unlike a traditional trade agreement, the US administration will not need congressional approval to act under the IPEF. Hence its legal status isquestionable.
This also raises doubts among potential participants about their reluctance to offer significant concessions under the agreement.
The volatility of US domestic politics has raised concerns about IPEF’s durability.
Unlike traditional FTAs, the IPEF does not subscribe to the single undertaking principle, where all items on the agenda are negotiated simultaneously.
Given the divisive nature of American politics, it is unclear whether the IPEF will survive past the Biden administration.
Way forward
The IPEF’s launch in Tokyo was symbolic in nature; bringing the IPEF to fruition will involve significant domestic and international challenges.
Without ratification by Congress, the IPEF’s fortunes will remain in limbo.
Going forward, the US and the founding partners need to develop the process and criteria by which other countries from the region will be invited to join the negotiations on the IPEF.
Conclusion
The Quad’s plan would take several years to ultimately fructify but it is moving in the right direction.
There is no doubt these plans will extend to the new economic alliance as many of its members are powerhouses in the technology sector.
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