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  • No more worry about the changing pattern of UPSC-2023/24? Receive remedial studies in CD’S Foundation Classroom program led by bureaucrats, toppers & top mentors | Classes begin soon.

    No more worry about the changing pattern of UPSC-2023/24? Receive remedial studies in CD’S Foundation Classroom program led by bureaucrats, toppers & top mentors | Classes begin soon.

    Register here to talk to our mentors and get details on the course
    click here to open the time table of our foundation course
    contact us directly for the course

    After making a grand Success-History on the internet, Civilsdaily now goes offline to add a new feather in its cap. Yes, this is the all-dimensional extension of CD. Whether it is online or offline, It’s a distinction without a difference.

    Acknowledging the need to ensure removing difficulties, the OFFLINE students face, priority has been accorded to content, quality, and accuracy. With the focus on all-round development, Civilsdaily has made up its mind to launch the much-coveted ‘UPSC-CSE Foundation Program-2023 Offline Classroom Batch’ by the 3rd week of June 2022. 

    Come rain or shine, Civilsdaily’s dedicated offline mentor teachers group stands by all UPSC aspirants without a second thought.

    ….Still counting….
    This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is hall-of-fame.jpg
    The Hindu has solemnly acknowledged Civilsdaily’s high rated mentorship program.

    EMI Facility Available @ No Extra Cost!

    No Cost EMI Facility for Students enrolling in Civilsdaily’s Foundation Course 2023. This is ensure that financial burden has not remain a concern for your preparation.

    Please note that there will be no processing fee involved and no hidden costs when you avail the EMI facility.

    IN 2020, CIVILSDAILY HAD 30 TOPPERS IN TOP 100.

    Register here to talk to our mentors and get details on the course
    click here to open the time table of our foundation course
    contact us directly for the course

    What Differentiates Our Foundation Course?

    Civilsdaily’s Mentorship is clearly one brand which sets us apart from any other institute in this Domain.

    Civilsdaily mentorship helps you in 6 key components of your preparation-

    1. Direction– Civilsdaily’s mentors are highly qualified, with at least one year of mentorship experience and two UPSC CSE Interviews under their belts. They are well-versed in themany stages of preparation. These mentors will assist you in developing both a comprehensive and micro schedule. They’ll put together a weekly programme for you, complete with mentorship calls. This schedule will be created based on a thorough examination of the importance of subjects as well as the interconnection of topics to make it easier for students to grasp the material.
    2. Discipline– The student will be held accountable to the mentor since he or she will be required to complete a weekly target set by the mentor.
    3. Consistency– Students can retain consistency in their preparation by having their mentor monitor them constantly and giving them regular tests. Furthermore, rational scheduling aids pupils in adopting an integrated approach to preparation..
    4. Value addition– Mentors also assist students with their questions and resources. Students become perplexed as to which resources to follow due to the abundance of content available on the market. Mentors can assist you in locating and referring to the most appropriate materials. This aids students in consolidating their resources and avoiding content overload. Mentors will also offer video assistance.Remember- the mantra to clear UPSC is MINIMUM RESOURCES, MAXIMUM REVISIONS.
    5. Evaluation– The UAP/foundation curriculum also contains a prelims and mains testseries, as well as weekly 10 mains questions from Samachar Manthan (SM). Your mentor will go through each test with you and help you figure out your strengths and shortcomings. So, if you devote yourself to this programme, you will receive one-on-one assistance for more than 40 mains tests (including SM) and more than 30 prelims tests. Furthermore, each test will be examined twice by professional evaluators, with a mentor evaluating the results later.
    6. Motivation– When you’re feeling down or don’t feel like studying, you can reach out to your mentor, have a conversation, get motivated, and restart your studies. Mentor-recommended relaxation techniques can assist you in learning more effectively.

    A name trusted by Rank 1 & 2:

    Register here to talk to our mentors and get details on the course
    click here to open the time table of our foundation course
    contact us directly for the course

    Key Features about UPSC-CSE Foundation Program 2023 Offline Classroom Batch

    • Integrated Prelims, Mains and Essay Test Series along with Current Affairs and Personalized Mentorship.
    • UAP & Master Classes: Full coverage for GS prelims & mains.
    • Differentiators- Mentorship
    • Watch the lectures unlimited times
    • Combination of offline learning and in depth mentoring which gives students proper guidance throughout the preparation journey.
    • Pre cum mains offline foundation program contains every General Studies subject. Syllabus Wise each and every point will be covered in Prelims as well as in mains. 
    • Post classes support of individual mentor
    • Notes and study materials: all necessary materials of static and current will be provided through hard copies.

    A look at the programs in Our Foundation course

    PRELIMS TS

    • 40 PRELIMS MOCK TESTS (36 PAPER 1, 4 CSAT)
    • DEDICATED MONTHLY CA TEST
    • ALL INDIA RANKINGS
    • DETAILED EXPLANATIONS
    • MONTHLY CA MAGAZINES (NEWS, OP-ED, PIB, GOVT.REPORTS)

    SAMACHAR MANTHAN

    • WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS (VIDEO + NOTES)
    • MAINS LEVEL Q&A EVALUATION TO COMPLIMENT THE LECTURES
    • CHECKED COPY DISCUSSION ON PHONE/ IN-PERSON

    MAINS TS

    • 12 SECTIONAL + 12 FLTS
    • MODEL ANSWER SOLUTIONS
    • CHECKED COPY DISCUSSION ON PHONE/ IN-PERSON

    ESSAY TS

    • 14 TESTS (28 ESSAYS) ON 8 BROAD UPSC TRENDS SINCE 2010
    • SAMPLE STRUCTURE, VIEW SOLUTIONS, PERSONALISEDEVALUATIONS
    • SHARING BEST ESSAY COPY (REAL TIME)
    • PERSONALISED IMPROVEMENT TRACKING EXCEL

    DECIMATE PRELIMS

    • 36 PRELIMS MOCK TESTS (32 PAPER 1, 4 CSAT)
    • DEDICATED MONTHLY CA TEST
    • ALL INDIA RANKINGS
    • Tikdam FOR SMART HACKS & INTELLIGENT GUESSTIMATES
    • DETAILED EXPLANATIONS
    • MONTHLY CA MAGAZINES (NEWS, OP-ED, PIB, GOVT.REPORTS)
    Register here to talk to our mentors and get details on the course
    click here to open the time table of our foundation course
    contact us directly for the course

    Here is a comparison Chart to know how Civilsdaily stands apart

    WHAT 2020 TOPPERS HAVE TO SAY ABOUT CIVILSDAILY?

    Register here to talk to our mentors and get details on the course
    click here to open the time table of our foundation course
    contact us directly for the course

    About the faculty leading this program:

    Sajal Singh: Sajal sir is known to make Economics and IR as easy as a cakewalk. He scored one of the highest marks in GS in the 2017 UPSC exam. Under his guidance, more than 80 percent of Students qualified for UPSC interview 2020 in Smash mains Program.

    Email: sajal@civilsdaily.com

    Sudhanshu Mishra: Prior to benchmarking himself as Polity teacher at Civilsdaily, Sudhanshu Sir has served in the Defense Ministry for 10 years. He has a keen interest in regional and global geopolitics which do not only substantially reflect in his lectures but also had come in handy in several stages of his UPSC & PSCs exams. 

    He is also an MBA candidate Co’23 from IIM Kozhikode.

    Email: sudhanshu@civilsdaily.com

    Sukanya Rana: Our Civilsdaily Mains Program Head Mrs. Sukanya Rana has been mentoring students across multiple stages from prelims to mains to interview. She is part of Smash Mains as Ethics Mentor ans helped Civilsdaily topper to achieve their dream. Interview in 2016.

    Email: sukanya@civilsdaily.com

    Poornima

    Graduate from Miranda house in Geography and done MA from JNU in Geography. She is also a qualified Net JRF in Geography.

    Other Senior Bureaucrats and toppers will also be joining for various lectures and guest session.

    Shri V.P. Singh Sir, IRPS

    Virendra Pratap Singh did is B.Tech from IIT Kharagpur in 2003. He joined the services with immense experience in the Private Sector working across domains in high profile companies like Tata Steel, Maruti Suzuki India Ltd, and Tata Motors. He has consistently scored very high marks in interviews. His 2009 score of 213/300 was among the toppers.

    Himanshu Arora

    Himanshu sir has a wide experience in the field of both academics and policy-making. He has earlier taught Economics at both under-graduate and Post-Graduate level in Delhi University. Currently, he is working at the Prime Minister economic advisory council. He also writes columns regularly in prestigious newspapers like The Hindu, Indian Express and Millenium post.

    SD Singh

    Dr. S D Singh sir, Retd IFoS, 1988 Batch, Uttarakhand Cadre.
    He is currently employed with MoEF as a senior consultant. He has 33 years of experience in forestry, environment, wildlife and biodiversity conservation.

    Join our inaugural session:

    Date: Will be announced soon

    Address: 1 LGF, Apsara Arcade, Pusa Rd Next to Gate No.7 Karol Bagh, Metro, North Extn Area, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110060

    Get In Touch:

    Email: abhishek@civilsdaily.com

    Phone: +91 8882914783

    Finally, Teachers Open The Doors, But You Must Enter By Yourself. Now, both the ways lie before you. If you like learning in a traditional classroom way, we are waiting for you at Rajendra Nagar. And if you prefer learning by staying at your home, we appear on the internet anytime you fit. All the best.

    Register here to talk to our mentors and get details on the course
    click here to open the time table of our foundation course
  • “CD Mentorship Guaranteed my name in the UPSC final list”: Sentiments expressed by 2021 UPSC rankers | Discuss your issues with their mentors | FREE mentorship session for YOU

    “CD Mentorship Guaranteed my name in the UPSC final list”: Sentiments expressed by 2021 UPSC rankers | Discuss your issues with their mentors | FREE mentorship session for YOU

    Get FREE guidance from the mentors of upsc 2021 rankers | fill samanvay form for ias/ips 2023 | we’ll call you within 24 hours

    Civilsdaily has its finger on the pulse of the UPSC.

    Civilsdaily has redefined, revolutionized, and simplified the way aspirants prepare for UPSC Civil Services Exam.

    CivilsDaily’s personalized, student-centric and evidence-based approach has been validated by the amazing success in UPSC 2021

    What UPSC 2021 rankers are saying…
    …Many More.
    Samanvaya form | get your personalized mentors in less than 24 hrs

    UPSC is changing..

    No more is it about isolating yourself and just doing current affairs, static, attending random classes, or reading a plethora of books. It’s time to bury the old ways for IAS preparation, for good.

    “I didn’t escape from giving attempts though I used to lack confidence, family constraints, and commitments. I joined CD’s 1-1 mentorship courses and tried attending each & every session of “Mission 2021” daily. And today I can’t but say that I regained enough confidence to sit for and secured my name in the top rankers list in UPSC 2021.”- Our beloved student said.

    talk to senior mentors of cd | fill samanvay form for ias/ips 2023 | get your personalized mentors in less than 24 hrs

    CD’s mentors want nothing but the success of students

    Who are you?

    1. Working Junta? If you are preparing for IAS 2023/24 and working simultaneously, we can help you strategize and decipher the IAS exam and design a timetable that fits right in your hectic schedule.
    2. First-time prep? If you are in the last year of college or thinking of dropping a year and preparing for IAS 2023 full time, we can help you pick the right books and craft a practical & personal strategy.

    You just have to take 5 minutes out and fill out this form: Samanvaya For IAS 2023

    talk to senior mentors of cd | fill samanvay form for ias/ips 2023 | get your personalized mentor in less than 24 hrs

    This is where our 3 tier mentoring comes in:

    1. The first step starts with this Samanvaya call: Once you fill in the form, our senior mentors get on a 30-40 minute call with you to understand your prep level, working/ study constraints, and current strategies, and create a step by step plan for next week, next month and so on.

    2. You are given access to our invite-only chat platform, Habitat where you can ask your daily doubts, discuss your test-prep questions and have real-time, live sessions on news and op-eds, and find your optional groups.

    3. The third and the most personalized tier is the 1 on 1 mentor allotment who stays with you through the course of your UPSC preparation – always-on chat and on scheduled calls to help you assess, evaluate, and chart the next milestone of your IAS 2023 journey.

    talk to senior mentors of cd | fill samanvay form for ias/ips 2023 | get your personalized mentor in less than 24 hrs

    No Exhibition. It was Exertion: Why you need ‘Handholding mentors’!

    We’ve had a discussion with around 2700 IAS aspirants (beginners and veterans) last month and all of them had doubts related to either sources and books or answer writing and even essays and interviews.

    Broadly, six factors determine your success in cracking this prestigious IAS-2023 exam and the most important being understanding the expectations of UPSC and according to that planning and strategizing; other being Learning – Knowledge and information; Analyzing – making linkages, connections, etc.; Executing and utilizing information; and Constant course correction – because mistakes are inevitable, need to rectify them asap.

    How to prepare for upsc 2021? Strategy for upsc 2021? Answer writing for 2020
    CivilDaily’s mentorship will ensure you are following this pattern
    talk to senior mentors of cd | fill samanvay form for ias/ips 2023 | get your personalized mentor in less than 24 hrs

  • [Sansad TV] Perspective: Record FDI Inflow

    UPSC 2023 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

    Context

    • India rapidly emerges as a preferred investment destination with Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows increasing 20-fold in the last 20 years.
    • Highest ever annual FDI inflow of 83.57 billion US Dollars were recorded in the Financial Year 2021-22.
    • This figure stood at 45.15 billion US Dollars.

    Major feats achieved this year

    • In terms of investor countries of FDI Equity inflow, Singapore is at the top with 27%, followed by the US with 18% and Mauritius with 16% for the FY 2021-22.
    • ‘Computer Software & Hardware’ has emerged as the top recipient sector of FDI Equity inflow during this period with around 25% share followed by Services Sector and Automobile Industry with 12% each.
    • With 53 % Karnataka has received the majority share of FDI equity in the `Computer Software & Hardware’ sector.

    Significance of rising FDI

    • This is a testament of India’s status among global investors.
    • It also signifies political, economic and social stability

    What is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?

    • An FDI is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country.
    • It is thus distinguished from a foreign portfolio investment by a notion of direct control.
    • FDI may be made either “inorganically” by buying a company in the target country or “organically” by expanding the operations of an existing business in that country.
    • Broadly, FDI includes “mergers and acquisitions, building new facilities, reinvesting profits earned from overseas operations, and intra company loans”.
    • In a narrow sense, it refers just to building a new facility, and lasting management interest.

    Features of FDI

    • Any investment from an individual or firm that is located in a foreign country into a country is FDI.
    • Generally, FDI is when a foreign entity acquires ownership or controlling stake in the shares of a company in one country, or establishes businesses there.
    • It is different from foreign portfolio investment where the foreign entity merely buys equity shares of a company.
    • In FDI, the foreign entity has a say in the day-to-day operations of the company.
    • FDI is not just the inflow of money, but also the inflow of technology, knowledge, skills and expertise.
    • It is a major source of non-debt financial resources for the economic development of a country.

    FDI in India

    • Foreign investment was introduced in 1991 under Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), driven by then FM Manmohan Singh.
    • Economic liberalisation started in India in the wake of the 1991 crisis and since then, FDI has steadily increased in the country.
    • India, today is a part of top 100-club on Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) and globally ranks number 1 in the Greenfield FDI ranking.

    There are two routes by which India gets FDI.

    1) Automatic route: By this route, FDI is allowed without prior approval by Government or RBI.

    2) Government route: Prior approval by the government is needed via this route. The application needs to be made through Foreign Investment Facilitation Portal, which will facilitate the single-window clearance of FDI application under Approval Route.

    • India imposes a cap on equity holding by foreign investors in various sectors, current FDI in aviation and insurance sectors is limited to a maximum of 49%.
    • In 2015 India overtook China and the US as the top destination for the Foreign Direct Investment.

    Sectors that come under the ‘ 100% Automatic Route’ category are

    • Agriculture & Animal Husbandry, Air-Transport Services (non-scheduled and other services under civil aviation sector)
    • Airports (Greenfield + Brownfield),
    • Asset Reconstruction Companies,
    • Auto-components, Automobiles,
    • Biotechnology (Greenfield),
    • Broadcast Content Services (Up-linking & down-linking of TV channels, Broadcasting Carriage Services,
    • Capital Goods, Cash & Carry Wholesale Trading (including sourcing from MSEs), Chemicals, Coal & Lignite, Construction Development,
    • Construction of Hospitals,
    • E-commerce Activities, Electronic Systems,
    • Food Processing, Gems & Jewellery, Healthcare, Industrial Parks, IT & BPM, Leather, Manufacturing, Mining & Exploration of metals & non-metal ores, Other Financial Services,
    • Pharmaceuticals, Plantation sector
    • Ports & Shipping, Railway Infrastructure, Renewable Energy, Roads & Highways,
    • Single Brand Retail Trading, Textiles & Garments,
    • Thermal Power,
    • Tourism & Hospitality and
    • White Label ATM Operations.

    Sectors that come under up to 100% Automatic Route’ category are–

    • Infrastructure Company in the Securities Market: 49%
    • Insurance: up to 49%
    • Medical Devices:up to 100%
    • Pension: 49%
    • Petroleum Refining (By PSUs): 49%
    • Power Exchanges: 49%

    Sectors that come under the ‘up to 100% Government Route’ category are– 

    • Banking & Public sector: 20%
    • Broadcasting Content Services: 49%
    • Core Investment Company: 100%
    • Food Products Retail Trading: 100%
    • Mining & Minerals separations of titanium bearing minerals and ores: 100%
    • Multi-Brand Retail Trading: 51%
    • Print Media (publications/ printing of scientific and technical magazines/ specialty journals/ periodicals and facsimile edition of foreign newspapers): 100%
    • Print Media (publishing of newspaper, periodicals and Indian editions of foreign magazines dealing with news & current affairs): 26%
    • Satellite (Establishment and operations): 100%

    FDI prohibition

    There are a few industries where FDI is strictly prohibited under any route. These industries are

    • Atomic Energy Generation
    • Any Gambling or Betting businesses
    • Lotteries (online, private, government, etc.)
    • Investment in Chit Funds
    • Nidhi Company
    • Agricultural or Plantation Activities (although there are many exceptions like horticulture, fisheries, tea plantations, Pisciculture, animal husbandry, etc.)
    • Housing and Real Estate (except townships, commercial projects, etc.)
    • Trading in TDR’s
    • Cigars, Cigarettes, or any related tobacco industry

    Benefits offered by FDI

    • Employment generation: FDI boosts the manufacturing and services sector which results in the creation of jobs and helps to reduce unemployment rates in the country.
    • Economic growth: Increased employment translates to higher incomes and equips the population with more buying powers, boosting the overall economy of a country.
    • Human capital development: Skills that employees gain through training and experience can boost the education and human capital of a specific country. Through a ripple effect, it can train human resources in other sectors and companies.
    • Technology boost: The introduction of newer and enhanced technologies results in company’s distribution into the local economy, resulting in enhanced efficiency and effectiveness of the industry.
    • Increase in exports: Many goods produced by FDI have global markets, not solely domestic consumption. The creation of 100% export oriented units help to assist FDI investors in boosting exports from other countries.
    • Exchange rate stability: The flow of FDI into a country translates into a continuous flow of foreign exchange, helping a country’s Central Bank maintain a prosperous reserve of foreign exchange which results in stable exchange rates.
    • Improved Capital Flow: Inflow of capital is particularly beneficial for countries with limited domestic resources, as well as for nations with restricted opportunities to raise funds in global capital markets.
    • Creation of a Competitive Market: By facilitating the entry of foreign organizations into the domestic marketplace, FDI helps create a competitive environment, as well as break domestic monopolies.  
    • Climate mitigation: The United Nations has also promoted the use of FDI around the globe to help combat climate change

    Limitations created by FDI

    • Hindrance of domestic investment: Sometimes FDI can hinder domestic investment. Because of FDI, countries’ local companies start losing interest to invest in their domestic products.
    • Risk from political changes: Other countries’ political movements can be changed constantly which could hamper the investors.
    • Negative exchange rates: FDI can sometimes affect exchange rates to the advantage of one country and the detriment of another.
    • Higher costs: When investors invest in foreign counties, they might notice that it is more expensive than when goods are exported. Oftentimes, more money is invested into machinery and intellectual property than in wages for local employees.
    • Economic non-viability: Considering that FDI may be capital-intensive from the point of view of the investor, it can sometimes be very risky or economically non-viable.
    • Expropriation: Constant political changes can lead to expropriation. In this case, those countries’ governments will have control over investors’ property and assets.
    • Modern-day economic colonialism: Many third-world countries, or at least those with a history of colonialism, worry that foreign direct investment would result in some kind of modern-day economic colonialism, which exposes host countries and leave them vulnerable to foreign companies’ exploitation.
    • Poor performance: Multinationals have been criticized for poor working conditions in foreign factories.

    Recent amendments in 2020

    • The govt. has amended para 3.1.1 of extant FDI policy as contained in Consolidated FDI Policy, 2017.
    • In the event of the transfer of ownership of any existing or future FDI in an entity in India, directly or indirectly, resulting in the beneficial ownership, such subsequent change in beneficial ownership will also require Government approval.

    The present position and revised position in the matters will be as under:

    Present Position

    • A non-resident entity can invest in India, subject to the FDI Policy except in those sectors/activities which are prohibited.
    • However, a citizen of Bangladesh or an entity incorporated in Bangladesh can invest only under the Government route.
    • Further, a citizen of Pakistan or an entity incorporated in Pakistan can invest, only under the Government route, in sectors/activities other than defence, space, atomic energy and sectors/activities prohibited for foreign investment.

    Revised Position

    • A non-resident entity can invest in India, subject to the FDI Policy except in those sectors/activities which are prohibited.

    [spot the difference]

    • However, an entity of a country, which shares a land border with India or where the beneficial owner of investment into India is situated in or is a citizen of any such country, can invest only under the Government route.
    • Further, a citizen of Pakistan or an entity incorporated in Pakistan can invest, only under the Government route, in sectors/activities other than defence, space, atomic energy and sectors/activities prohibited for foreign investment.

    Various policy initiatives

    The government has taken plenty of initiatives to attract FDI in India:

    • The government has amended rules of the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), allowing up to 20% FDI in the insurance company LIC through the automatic route.
    • The Government of India is considering easing scrutiny on certain FDI from countries that share a border with India.
    • The implementation of measures like PM Gati Shakti, single window clearance and GIS-mapped land bank are expected to push FDI inflows in 2022.
    • The government is likely to introduce at least three policies as part of the Space Activity Bill in 2022. This Bill is expected to clearly define the scope of foreign FDI in the Indian space sector.
    • In September 2021, the Union Cabinet announced that to boost the telecom sector, they’ll allow 100% FDI via the automatic route in, up from the previous 49%.
    • In August 2021, the government amended the Foreign Exchange Management (non-debt instruments) Rules, 2019, to allow the 74% increase in FDI limit in the insurance sector.
  • Talk to the IAS Mentors of UPSC 2021 rankers | 15 in top 50 toppers (200+ overall) are our Mentorship students

    Talk to the IAS Mentors of UPSC 2021 rankers | 15 in top 50 toppers (200+ overall) are our Mentorship students

    free mentorship | Discuss 1-1 with the mentors of these rankers

    Congratulations! You didn’t wait for the opportunity, you created it!

    Guys! Again that happiest moment came. We, the Civilsdaily team, stand extremely proud to announce the unbelievable achievements of our students who have made their dreams come true. Today, hard work, commitment, and dedication glorified us!  and we are extremely happy to have been a part of their journey.

    We are glad to reveal that 200+ Civilsdaily students (still counting) are now top rank holders in UPSC final merit list. Our success rate has increased by 80% from last year in terms of rank holders. We, the Civilsdaily family, pride ourselves on the number of our top 100-ranked students. This is a distinctive increase in our success rate for the top 100 and overall positions since last year.

    free mentorship | Discuss 1-1 with the mentors of these rankers

    And finally, we feel indebted to our Mentors. Their tireless efforts, step-by-step guidance, experienced mentorship, round-the-clock support, and dedication to working with the students day-in and day-out helped our students become officers today. And this has led to this wonderful occasion where we celebrate the grand success of our students together!

    Our heroes of today and the leaders of tomorrow!

    6834409Yaksh Chaudhary
    157600782C Yaswanth Kumar Reddy
    281009473Mantri Mourya Bharadwaj
    297102140Bhavishya
    326605885Navandar Anay Nitin
    38859480Ravi Kumar
    40854740Kushal Jain
    425610120Swathi Sree T
    43623772Shubham Shukla
    447808206Anjali Shrotriya
    465604724Ramya C S
    491105645Divyansh Singh
    508101939Abhijit Ray
    55861023Pratibha Dahiya
    626206389Tirumani Sri Pooja
    673535597Anand Malhotra
    803532741Nikhil Mahajan
    888102300Aman Agarwal
    93879483Deepesh Kumari
    1024904842Prakhar Chandrakar
    1112402341C B Rex
    1141123523Ajey Singh Rathore
    116879624Shambhavi Mishra
    118323091Melvyn Varghese
    1201134168Tanushree Meena
    133835604Kishlay Kushwaha
    1361041582Arugula Sneha
    1415206982Praveen Singh Charan
    1503539134Navdeep Aggarwal
    1536005052Divyansh Shukla
    1727809990Simran Bhardwaj
    2047810159Arjit Mahajan
    205708531Durga Prasad Adhikary
    2133902598Manoj Ramanath Hegde
    2164905606Divyanjali Jaiswal
    2206314064Garima
    2307814854Tanmay Kale
    2356210633Aswin Mani Deep Kakumanu
    266875941Anuradha
    2676629429Mandhare Soham Sunil
    284838018Priya Rani
    295503767Rohan Kadam
    308314783Aruna M
    3256607403Kajale Vaibhav
    337854608Akash Joshi
    381885161Manoj Kumar Yadav
    3951300555Sisle Swapnil Mahadeo
    3986629554Mhetre Sayali Narayan
    4041106762Ramkrishna Saran
    405823411Manjeet Kumar
    408511438Mahajan Harshal Rajesh
    411840702Amit Anand
    415859706Sulochana Meena
    4461145452Manish Agrawal
    4786312184Rishabh
    483847161Singh Prabhat Gyanendra
    4871522756Rakesh Kumar Singh
    4994118984Mukesh Kumar Gupta
    515849549Karandeep
    516324774Mohammed Siddiq Shariff
    524821045Nidhi
    573879324Rekha Meena
    576803598Ravindra Kumar Meena
    6266708120Golapkar Ashwin Rajan
    6295920417Abhishek Vyas
    6442600288Sparsh Verma
    we are still listing down our rankers..

    We wish our successful students all the very best in their journey ahead while our mentors gear up to help the next batch of aspirants succeed with the same focused guidance that brought us such a grand success!

    free mentorship | Discuss 1-1 with the mentors of these rankers

  • Imp: Must Read Modern History Notes for Prelims 2022

    Talk to our mentors for a Roadmap to 2023 Attempt. Click Here

     

    • With almost absolute power the Governor-General and viceroy played a significant role in the shaping history of the country. Following are some of these important figures and significant events and major reforms carried out by them.

       Governor Generals of Bengal/India (Period)

      		   Important events/Reforms

          Warren Hastings

           (1773-1785)
      • Regulating Act of 1773.
      • First Governor-General of Bengal.
      • End of the dual system of administration (1765-1772).
      • Supreme Court at Calcutta.
      • Wrote Introduction to the first English translation of Gita.
      • Founded Madarasa Aliya at Calcutta.

           Lord Cornwallis

           (1786-1793)
      • Separation of three branches of service: commercial, judicial and revenue.
      • Permanent Land Revenue Settlement of Bengal-1793.
      • Reformed, modernised and rationalised the civil service.
      • Introduced the Cornwallis Code.
      • Sanskrit College, Varanasi.

           Lord Wellesley

           (1797-1805)
      • Introduction of Subsidiary Alliance System.
      • Fourth Anglo-Mysore war.
      • Fort William College, Calcutta.

           Lord Hastings

           (1813-1823)

       
      • Anglo-Nepal War (1814-16)
      • Third Anglo-Maratha War-(1817-19) and dissolution of Maratha confederacy.
      • Introduction of Ryotwari System of Thomas Munro, Governor of Madras-1820.

           Lord William Bentinck

           (1828-1835)
      • Charter Act of 1833.
      • Abolition of Sati-1829.
      • Resolution of 1835 and Education reforms and introduction of English as the official language.
      • The annexation of Mysore-1831, Coorg, and Central Cachar-1831.

           Lord Dalhousie

           (1848-1856)
      • Introduction of the Doctrine of Lapse and annexations of Satara-1848, Jaitpur and Sambhalpur-1849, Udaipur-1852, Jhansi-1853, Nagpur-1854 and Awadh-1856.
      • Wood’s Dispatch of 1854.
      • Railway Minute of 1853.
      • Telegraph and Postal reforms.
      • Widow Remarriage Act-1856.

           Lord Canning

           (1856-1857)
      • Establishment of universities at Bombay, Madras and Calcutta.
      • Mutiny of 1857.
      Governor-General and Viceroy of India (Period)                                Important events/Reforms
       Lord Canning

       

      (1858-1862)
      • First Voiceroy of India.
      • Transfer of control from East India Company to the Crown by the Government of India Act 1858
      • Indian Councils Act-1861

           Lord Mayo

           (1869-1872)
      • Opening of Rajkot College in Kathiawad and Mayo College at Ajmer for political training of Indian Princes.
      • Statistical Survey of India was established.
      • Department of Agriculture and Commerce was established.
      • Introduction of state railways.

           Lord Lytton

           (1876-1880)
      • The Great Famine of 1876 affecting Bombay, Madras, Mysore, Hyderabad, Central India and Punjab.
      • Appointment of Famine Commission under the presidency of Richard Strachey.
      • Vernacular Press Act was passed- 1878.
      • The Arms Act-1878.

           Lord Ripon

           (1880-1884)
      • Education Commission 1882 under William Hunter-1882.
      • Ilbert Bill controversy.
      • Repeal of Vernacular Press Act in 1882.
      • The First Factory Act in 1881 to improve labour conditions.
      • Government resolution on local self government-1882.

           Lord Dufferin

           (1884-1888)
      • Establishment of Indian National Congress.

           Lord Lansdowne

          (1888-1894)
      • The categorisation of civil services into imperial, provincial and subordinate.
      • Indian Councils Act-1892
      • Durand Commission (1893) was set up to define the Durand Line between India and Afghanistan.

           Lord Curzon

           (1899-1905)
      • Police Commission (1902) was appointed under Sir Andrew Frazer.
      • University Commission (1902) was appointed and Universities Act (1904) was passed.
      • Department of Commerce and Industry was established.
      • Calcutta Corporation Act-1899
      • Partition of Bengal (1905).

           Lord Minto-II

           (1905-1910)
      • Popularisation of anti-partition and Swadeshi Movements.
      • Split in Indian National Congress at Surat in 1907.
      • Indian Muslim League was established by Aga Khan (1907)
      • Morley-Minto reforms or Indian Councils Act 1909.

           Lord Hardinge-II

           (1910-1916)
      • Transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi (1911).
      • Establishment of Hindu Mahasabha (1915) by Madan Mohan Malviya.
           Lord Chelmsford

       

          (1916-1921)
      • Home Rule League was formed by Annie Besant and Tilak (1916)
      • Lucknow session of Congress (1916).
      • Lucknow Pact between Congress and Muslim League (1916).
      • Champaran Satyagraha (1918), and Satyagraha at Ahmadabad (1918).
      • Montague’s August Declaration.
      • Government of Indian Act- 1919
      • Jallianwalla Bagh massacre (1919).
      • Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements were launched.
      • Foundation of Women’s University at Poona (1916) and Saddler’s Commission was appointed for reforms in educational policy.
      • Appointment of S. P. Sinha as governor of Bihar first Indian to do so.

           Lord Reading

           (1921-1926)
      • The Chaura-Chauri Incident-Feb5, 1922 and withdrawal of Non-Cooperation movement.
      • Moplah rebellion in Kerala (1921).
      • Repeal of the Press Act of 1910 and Rowlatt Act of 1919.
      • Kakori train robbery (1925)
      • Establishment of Swaraj Party (1922).
      • The decision to hold a simultaneous examination for ICS in Delhi and London with effect from 1923.

           Lord Irwin

           (1926-1931)
      • Simon Commission-1928
      • Appointment of the Harcourt Butler Indian States Commission (1927)
      • Murder of Saunders and Bomb blast in the Assembly Hall of Delhi-1929
      • Lahore session of Congress 1929 and Purna Swaraj Resolution.
      • Dandi March (12 March, 1929) and launch of Civil Disobedience Movement.

          Lord Willingdon

          (1931-1936)
      • Second Round Table Conference and failure of the conference, resumption of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
      • Announcement of the Communal Award (1932).
      • Poona Pact (1932)
      • Third Round Table Conference 1932.
      • The Government of India Act, 1935.
      • Establishment of All India Kisan Sabha 1936.
      • Establishment of Congress Socialist Party by Acharya Narendra Dev and Jayaprakash Narayan (1934)

           Lord Linlithgow

           (1936-1944)
      • First general elections were held and Congress attained absolute majority (1936-1937).
      • Congress ministers resigned (1937) after the outbreak of WW-II
      • Subhash Chandra Bose elected as the president of Congress-1938.
      • Lahore Resolution by Muslim League for the demand of separate state for Muslims.
      • August Offer by the viceroy-1940.
      • Cripp’s Mission to India
      • Passing of the Quit India Resolution by Congress-1942

           Lord Wavell

           (1944-1947)
      • C Rajgopalachari’s CR Formula (1944) and Gandhi-Jinnah Talks failed.
      • Wavell Plan and the Shimla Conference (1942)
      • Cabinet Mission and Congress accepted its plan 1946
      • Observance of the ‘Direct Action Day’ (16 August 1946) by the Muslim League.
      • Elections to the Constituent Assembly and formation of Interim Government by the Congress (September 1946).
      • Announcement of the end of British rule in India by Clement Attlee on February 20, 1946

           Lord Mountbatten

           (1947-48)
      • June Third Plan (June 3, 1947) announced.
      • Introduction of Indian Independence Bill in the House of Commons.
      • Appointment of two boundary commissions under Sir Cyril Radcliff for the partition of Bengal and Punjab.

    Important Acts During British India

    In India, the British Government passed various laws and acts before the formulation of the constitution. The Regulating Act of 1773 was enacted as a first step to regulate the working of East India Company. However, the Indian Independence Act, 1947 finally ended the British rule in India and declared India as an independent and sovereign nation with effect from August 15, 1947.

    The Regulating Act of 1773

    • The Regulating Act of 1773 was enacted as a first step to regulate the working of East India Company
    • The Gov of Bengal was made Gov General of Bengal. He was assisted by 4 people. This 4+1 becomes became Supreme Council of Bengal also known as the GG’s Exec Council.
    • A Supreme Court was established in Bengal comprising of a chief justice and three other judges

    Pitts’s India Act, 1784

    • We see a shrinking of the Council from 4 members to 3 members. Hence 3+1 is the renewed GG’s Executive Council.
    • Board of control was established to control the civil, military and revenue affairs of the company
    • The Court of Proprietors was no more empowered to revoke or suspend the resolution of the directors approved by the Board of Control.

    Charter Act of 1833

    • The Governor-General of Bengal was made the Governor-General of India. The first Governor-General of India was William Bentinck.
    • He was given legislative powers over entire India including the Governors of Bombay and Madras.
    • The company lost the status of a commercial body and was made purely an administrative body.
    • This Act. was the first law to distinguish between the executive and legislative powers of the Gov General.
    • A 4th member was introduced who could only discuss and vote only on the legislative matter.
    • Council of India = [(3+1) +  1(4th member also called the Law Member)]
    • The first such Law Member was Macaulay. This Council of India was, to a certain extent, the Legislature. Strength of the Executive remained 3+1 .

    Charter Act of 1853

    • From here on, we see a gradual increase in the membership of the Council and further separation of powers.
    • Access to compete in civil services for Indians.
    • It brought out the separation in the legislative and executive functions of the Governor-General’s council.
    • The 4th member (Law Member)was included as a full-time Member in the GG’s Executive Council. His position was taken by 6 Members referred to as Legislative Councillors.
    • Council of India = [(4+1) + 6(Legislative Councillors) + 1 Commander-in-Chief]
    • 6 Councillors were,
      1. 1 Chief Judge of SC of Calcutta.
      2. 1 Judge of SC of Calcutta
      3. 4 members of the ICS

    Government of India Act, 1858

    • India was to be governed by and in the name of the crown through Viceroy, who would be the representative of the crown in India.
    • The designation of Governor-General of India was changed to Viceroy. Thus, Governor-General Lord Canning became the first Viceroy of India
    • Board of Control and Board of directors were abolished transferring all their powers to British Crown
    • A new office ‘secretary of state was created with a 15 member council of India to assist him. Indian Councils Act, 1861
    • The major focus of the act was on administration in India. It was the first step to associate Indians to legislation.
    • The act provided that the viceroy should nominate some Indians as non-official members in the legislative council.
    • The legislative powers of Madras and Bombay presidencies were restored.
      It provided for the establishment of legislative councils for Bengal, North-Western Frontier Province (NWFP) and Punjab.
    • Viceroy was empowered to issue ordinances during an emergency without the concurrence of the legislative council.

    Indian Councils Act of 1861

    • After 1861, the Council was called Imperial Legislative Council(ILC) or Indian Legislative Council(ILC). The Executive was further enhanced by 1 member.
    • The Viceroy now had the power to Nominate 6 – 12 Non-Official members in the Legislature who would be holding the office for 2 years.
    • ILC = [(5+1) + (Additional Members -> Minimum 6, Maximum 12)]
    • The composition of Additional Members was as follows:
      1. 50% Nominated Official Members
      2. 50% Nominated Non-Official Members
    • The Act thus sowed the seed for the future Legislative as an independent entity separate from the Executive Council.

    Indian Councils Act of 1892 

    • Due to the excessive demand of the Congress, the Additional Members were increased. Additional Members -> Minimum 10, Maximum 12.
    • ILC = [(5+1) + (Additional Members -> Minimum 10, Maximum 16)]

    The composition of Additional Members was as follows:

    • Nominated official members (those nominated by the Governor-General and were government officials)
    • 5 Nominated Non-Officials (nominated by the Governor-General but were not government officials)
    • 4 Nominated by the Provincial Legislative Councils of Bengal Presidency, Bombay Presidency, Madras Presidency and North-Western Provinces.
    • 1 Nominated by the Chamber of Commerce in Calcutta.

    Indian Councils Act of 1909: The Morley-Minto reforms

    • It introduced for the first time the method of election.
    • The additional members of the Governor-General Council were increased from 16 to a maximum of 60.
    • The composition of Additional Members was as follows:
      1. Nominated official members (those nominated by the Governor-General and were government officials)
      2. Nominated non-official members (nominated by the Governor-General but were not government officials)
      3. Elected Members (elected by different categories of Indian people)
    • It provided for the association of Indians in the executive council of the Viceroy and Governors. Satyendra Prasad Sinha joined the Viceroy’s executive council as a law member.
    • It introduced Separate Electorate for Muslims.

    Indian Councils Act of 1919: The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms

    • Central Legislature thereafter called the Indian Legislature was reconstituted on the enlarged and more representative character.
    • The act set up bicameral legislatures at the centre consisting of two houses- the Council of the States (Upper House) and the Central Legislative Assembly (Lower House).
    • It consisted of the Council of State consisted of 60 members of whom 34 members were elected and the Legislative Assembly consisted of about 145 members, of whom about 104 were elected and the rest nominated.
    • Of the nominated members, about 26 were officials.  The powers of both the Chambers of the Indian Legislature were identical except that the power to vote supply was granted only to the Legislative Assembly.
    • The central and provincial subjects were demarcated and separated.
    • The Provincial subjects were further divided into Transferred Subjects and Reserved Subjects, the legislative council had no say in the latter. This was known as the system of Diarchy.
    • The principle of separate electorate was further extended to Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans.
    • It provided for the appointment of a statutory commission to report the working of the act after ten years

    The Government of India Act 1935

    • It marked the next great stride in the evolution of the Legislatures.
    • The Federal Legislature was to consist of two Houses, the House of Assembly called the Federal  Assembly and the Council of States.
    • The Federal Assembly was to consist of 375 members, 250 to represent Provinces and 125 to represent the Indian States, nominated by the Rulers.
    • The representatives of the Provinces were to be elected not directly but indirectly by the Provincial Assemblies.
    • The term of the Assembly was fixed as five years.
    • The Council of State was to be a permanent body not subject to dissolution, but one-third of the members should retire every three years.
    • It was to consist of 260 members.  104 representatives of Indian States, six to be nominated by the Governor-General, 128 to be directly elected by territorial communal constituencies and 22 to be set apart for smaller minorities, women and depressed classes.
    • The two Houses had in general equal powers but demands for supply votes and financial Bills were to originate in the Assembly.
    • The principle of Separate Electorate was extended to depressed classes, women and workers.
    • Provided for the formation of Reserve bank of India

    Indian Independence Act, 1947

    • The act formalized the Lord Mountbatten Plan regarding the independence of India on June 3, 1947.
    • The Act ended the British rule in India and declared India as an independent and sovereign nation with effect from August 15, 1947.
    • Provided for the partition of India into two dominions of India and Pakistan
    • The office of Viceroy was abolished and a Governor-General was to be appointed in each of the dominions
    • The Constituent Assemblies of the two dominions were to have powers to legislate for their respective territories.
    • Princely states were free to join any of the two dominions or to remain independent.

  • [Sansad TV] Mudda Aapka: Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF)

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    Context

    • India agreed to be a part of the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF), a US-led economic grouping comprising 12 countries.
    • The recent Quad meet in Tokyo initiated the path for negotiations among the ‘founding members.’

    What is IPEF?

    • It is a US-led framework for participating countries to solidify their relationships and engage in crucial economic and trade matters that concern the region, such as building resilient supply chains battered by the pandemic.
    • It is not a free trade agreement. No market access or tariff reductions have been outlined, although experts say it can pave the way to trade deals. 

    Members of IPEF

    • The member nations include Australia, Brunei, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
    • It includes seven out of 10 members of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), all four Quad countries, and New Zealand.
    • Together, these countries account for 40 per cent of the global GDP. 

    Four pillars of IPEF

    1. Trade that will include digital economy and emerging technology, labor commitments, the environment, trade facilitation, transparency and good regulatory practices, and corporate accountability, standards on cross-border data flow and data localisations;
    2. Supply chain resilience to develop “a first-of-its-kind supply chain agreement” that would anticipate and prevent disruptions;
    3. Clean energy and decarbonization that will include agreements on “high-ambition commitments” such as renewable energy targets, carbon removal purchasing commitments, energy efficiency standards, and new measures to combat methane emissions; and
    4. Tax and anti-corruption, with commitments to enact and enforce “effective tax, anti-money laundering, anti-bribery schemes in line with [American] values”.

    How do members participate?  

    • Countries are free to join (or not join) initiatives under any of the stipulated pillars but are expected to adhere to all commitments once they enrol.
    • Negotiations are meant to determine and list the provisions under each pillar and open the floor for countries to choose their ‘commitments’.
    • The framework would be open to other countries willing to join in the future provided they are willing to adhere to the stipulated goals and other necessary obligations.

    Reasons for the creation of IPEF

    • US regaining lost credibility: IPEF is also seen as a means by which the US is trying to regain credibility in the region after Trump pulled out of the Trans Pacific Partnership TPP).
    • Rising Chinese influence: Since then, there has been concern over the absence of a credible US economic and trade strategy to counter China’s economic influence in the region.
    • Competing RCEP: It is also in the 14-member Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, of which the US is not a member (India withdrew from RCEP).
    • “Pivot to Asia” strategy: US has intensified its engagement with the wider Asia-Pacific region to advance its economic and geopolitical interests.

    India’s perception of IPEF

    • PM Modi described the grouping as born from a collective desire to make the Indo-Pacific region an engine of global economic growth.
    • India has called for common and creative solutions to tackle economic challenges in the Indo-Pacific region.

    What does it have to do with China?  

    • The US strategists believe the US lacks an economic and trade strategy to counter China’s increasing economic influence in the region since 2017.
    • US companies are looking to move away from manufacturing in China.
    • IPEF would therefore offer an advantage to participating countries, allowing them to bring those businesses into their territory.
    • However, it officially excluded Taiwan despite its willingness and economic merit to join.
    • This exhibits Washington’s geopolitical caution.

    Reactions from the opponents

    • Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi criticized the initiative as an attempt to further economic decoupling from China.
    • He argued that the initiative, and the US Indo-Pacific strategy as a whole, created divisions and incited confrontation. It is destined to be ultimately be a failure.
    • Taiwan was excluded in order to appease key “fence-sitter” countries such as Indonesia whose governments feared angering China.

    Issues with IPEF framework

    • IPEF would neither constitute a ‘free trade agreement,’ nor a forum to discuss tariff reductions or increasing market access.
    • Unlike a traditional trade agreement, the US administration will not need congressional approval to act under the IPEF. Hence its legal status is questionable.
    • This also raises doubts among potential participants about their reluctance to offer significant concessions under the agreement.
    • The volatility of US domestic politics has raised concerns about IPEF’s durability.
    • Unlike traditional FTAs, the IPEF does not subscribe to the single undertaking principle, where all items on the agenda are negotiated simultaneously.

    Given the divisive nature of American politics, it is unclear whether the IPEF will survive past the Biden administration.

    Way forward

    • The IPEF’s launch in Tokyo was symbolic in nature; bringing the IPEF to fruition will involve significant domestic and international challenges.
    • Without ratification by Congress, the IPEF’s fortunes will remain in limbo.
    • Going forward, the US and the founding partners need to develop the process and criteria by which other countries from the region will be invited to join the negotiations on the IPEF.

    Conclusion

    • The Quad’s plan would take several years to ultimately fructify but it is moving in the right direction.
    • There is no doubt these plans will extend to the new economic alliance as many of its members are powerhouses in the technology sector.

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  • The wait is over: The best Preparation of UPSC current affairs with the best teacher begins today (4th June) | From video lectures to micro notes, Samachar Manthan guarantees your success

    The wait is over: The best Preparation of UPSC current affairs with the best teacher begins today (4th June) | From video lectures to micro notes, Samachar Manthan guarantees your success

    Resource consolidation till Mains 2023 – Video lectures & notes; Mains answer writing; Habitat club; Google meet sessions; Magazine

    New Batch Starting on 4th June 2022. So, without further delay enroll as soon as possible.

    Note- There are two variants of Samachar Manthan – Till Prelims and Till Mains

    What do toppers have to say about Samachar Manthan

    Srija, AIR 20
    Shahansha AIR 142, student of Samachar Manthan
    Dilpreet Singh, AIR 237, student of Samachar Manthan
    samachar manthan for prelims: enquiry
    SAMACHAR MANTHAN FOR MainS: ENQUIRY
    register here to talk to our teachers and get details on the course
    contact us directly for the samachar manthan program

    Current affairs are an integral part of every phase of the UPSC-CSE exam. Understanding the significance of current affairs is just one part of the UPSC riddle. For solving the whole riddle, we keep presenting Samachar Manthan Plus Yearly Classes for 2023 aspirants.

    Why are current affairs so important?

    Up to 2020, UPSC used to ask more questions directly about current affairs.

    But in 2021, trends are seen as more dynamic. The number of direct questions from current affairs was less but the current theme-based questions came in more number. Almost 40% of MCQs in Prelims were mixed with current affairs. And in the mains, approximately 50% of questions were connected with current affairs.

    An irresistible reason to join ‘Samachar Manthat’ is that it’s more important to understand the analysis of news rather than to only recognize the facts for the upcoming UPSC-CSE 2023.

    Why current affairs are crucial in the Interview?

    In Personality Tests often your opinions are asked on various issues. Current Affairs make you aware of the surroundings and allow you to give practical answers to the problems faced by the country.

    Do you know how our SM helped 2021 aspirants?

    • 85% of 2021 GS 2 Mains Questions Are From Civilsdaily Smash Mains & Samachar Manthan Test Series!! Click Here to know
    • 60% of 2021 GS 1 Mains Questions Are From Civilsdaily Mains Test Series!! Click Here to Know

    register here to talk to our teachers and get details on the course
    contact us directly for the samachar manthan program
    Srija, AIR 20
    Shahansha AIR 142, student of Samachar Manthan
    Dilpreet Singh, AIR 237, student of Samachar Manthan

    What is Samachar Manthan?

    Samachar Manthan is our flagship program designed to help you develop a solid command of your newspaper reading and current affairs analyzing skills. We are also going to focus on imparting skills required to utilize current affairs. Since it builds your core, it is important for both Prelims and Mains & Interview also. 

    SAMPLE LECTURES:

    Program inclusion

    1. Weekly 5+ hours live video and offline lectures

    2. High-quality Notes and reference material

    3. Membership to Samachar Manthan Habitat club – doubts,  discussion, and mentorship session.

    4. Weekly Current Affairs based Mains Test (10 Questions) and Evaluation

    5. Current Affairs Monthly Prelims Test package

    6. Marathon Revision sessions on Habitat before Prelims and Mains

    7. Frequent Google meets Sessions to check on Student’s Preparation status

    8. Micro notes to help you make your notes.

    Duration of the program:

    This program will continue till UPSC Mains 2023

    register here to talk to our teachers and get details on the course
    contact us directly for the samachar manthan program

    What Differentiates Our Samachar Manthan Course?

    Civilsdaily’s Samachar Manthan is evidently one brand that sets us apart from any other institute in this Domain.

    Our Samachar Manthan Program helps you in 11 key components of your UPSC current affairs preparation:-

    • 5-stage structure of Lecture-Notes-Testing-Review-Mentoring

    Our unique five-stage methodology helps ensure maximum retention and rock-solid preparation. Each component has been meticulously crafted which is repeated every week to create a virtuous cycle.

    • Diversified and Comprehensive coverage

    We let news develop over a week, and a team under Sajal Sir daily covers it from various sources which include newspapers (The Hindu, The Indian Express, LiveMint, etc.), magazines (Yojana, Kurukshetra, EPW, Down to Earth), important websites (PIB, PRS, govt ministries, IDSA, etc.).

    UPSC is a generalist exam. It’s important to cover more issues than to cover a few, in more depth. Samachar Manthan ensures a fine balance of comprehensive news coverage and detailed discussion on the most important topics.

    • Videos and Notes

    Carefully selected relevant news is analyzed and delivered in a weekly lecture spanning over 5+ hours. You will be getting high-quality, well-designed notes. They are detailed with proper categorization of news into the Mains and Prelims category.

    Our focus is on conceptual clarity, simplicity, relevance, and making interlinkages between current affairs and the basic/static part of the syllabus. 

    Samachar Manthan will also help you understand how to utilize current affairs in all your Prelims and Mains papers. A part of which is done by tests.

    • Weekly Mains mini Test and Evaluation in an audio-visual way

    Because learning is not enough, you must apply. Every week a 10-question UPSC level current affairs test follows with video and notes. The focus here is on Mains’s answer writing skills and practice.

    It’s a skill that is learned, honed, and perfected gradually. And this is why it should be done regularly. Our team of subject experts evaluates your answers and provides you with feedback. Answer enhancement is one of the objectives of this exercise.

    Samachar Manthan Weekly Notes (Click to download)

    Samachar Manthan Micro-notes (click to download)

    • Guest lectures by in-service officers and domain specialists

    Apart from comprehensive coverage of current affairs from all dimensions by our faculty, Other Senior Bureaucrats and toppers will also be joining us for various lectures and guest sessions. Their persuasive advice will dispel all doubts. Samachar Manthan is now going to be the optimum ingredient, needed for absolute growth.

    • Current Affairs Monthly Prelims Test package

    This was feedback that we had received from our students. Now every month we provide a Current Affairs prelims test package.

    All this completes a study loop and enhances your retention.

    • Civilsdaily Handholding and mentoring: 

    Our team led by Sajal sir is there to provide handholding support all through your UPSC expedition. Increased interaction with the faculty and teachers from Civilsdaily will help you align your preparation and make it more appropriate. You can reach out to Sajal sir and other teachers on Habitat.

    • Google meet sessions

    Another important component we have added this year is Google meet sessions. These sessions will be conducted on a regular basis with the aspirants. After almost every class, we will meet our students on the premium live webinar.

    • Samachar Manthan 2023 -Habitat club

    Habitat is where everything comes together learning, doubt clearing, notes, references, mentors, and a focussed community. You’re going to learn and discuss like never before. 

    How will your queries be resolved?

    • The moment you have a query, you post it in the group. At 11 PM, 3 AM, doesn’t matter. No need to schedule a call, or drop an email. Just drop a chat. Once our team is up, it will be resolved.
    • More often than not, your peers will take part in your doubt discussions adding a lot of value.

    Besides doubts, what else is there on Habitat?

    • #DDS sessions – We have dedicated sessions every day to resolve doubts in real-time. Never keep a doubt to yourself. 
    • An ecosystem for co-learning and active learning.
    • A highly motivated community to bring flexibility and consistency to your preparation.
    • Marathon revision sessions before Prelims and Mains

    To consolidate your coverage and revision we take revision sessions on Habitat.

    • Checked Copy Discussion On Phone / In-person

    True ease in writing comes from art and not by chance. So, your writing copies will be checked by our highly qualified & experienced teachers. And they will discuss your checked answers individually with you over the phone or in person. It will help you thrive as a writing prodigy.

    Evaluated answer sheet – 1 (Click to download)

    Evaluated answer sheet – 2 (Click to download)

    register here to talk to our teachers and get details on the course
    contact us directly for the samachar manthan program

    The Highly experienced faculty leading this program:

    Sajal SinghSudhanshu Mishra
    Sajal sir is known to make Economics and IR as easy as a cakewalk. He scored one of the highest marks in GS in the 2017 UPSC exam. Under his guidance, more than 80 percent of students qualified for the UPSC interview 2020 Smash mains Program.Sudhanshu sir has firsthand experience of 3 mains and two interviews of UPSC. He has served in the defense ministry for 10 years with a keen interest in regional and global geopolitics and has ample experience in various other competitive exams as well.
    sajal@civilsdaily.comsudhanshu@civilsdaily.com
    Sukanya RanaPoornima
    Our Civilsdaily Mains Program Head Mrs. Sukanya Rana earlier worked as a PO in Canara Bank. She has an experience of 4 mains and 2 interviews of UPSC. In 2019, she had scored 140 in ethics paper 4. She is part of Smash Mains as an Ethics Mentor. Graduate from Miranda house in Geography and did MA from JNU in Geography. She is also a qualified Net JRF in Geography. So, she will comprehensively cover all the current affairs issues regarding Geography.
    sukanya@civilsdaily.compoornima@civilsdaily.com
    • Other Senior Bureaucrats and toppers will also be joining for various lectures and guest sessions.

    Shri V.P. Singh Sir, IRPS

    Virendra Pratap Singh did his B.Tech from IIT Kharagpur in 2003. He joined the services with immense experience in the Private Sector working across domains in high-profile companies like Tata Steel, Maruti Suzuki India Ltd, and Tata Motors. He has consistently scored very high marks in interviews. His 2009 score of 213/300 was among the toppers.

    Himanshu Arora

    Himanshu sir has a wide experience in the field of both academics and policy-making. He has earlier taught Economics at both undergraduate and Post-Graduate levels at Delhi University. Currently, he is working at the Prime Minister’s economic advisory council. He also writes columns regularly in prestigious newspapers like The Hindu, Indian Express, and Millenium post.

    SD Singh

    Dr. S D Singh sir, Retd IFoS, 1988 Batch, Uttarakhand Cadre.

    He is currently employed with MoEF as a senior consultant. He has 33 years of experience in forestry, environment, wildlife, and biodiversity conservation.

    register here to talk to our teachers and get details on the course
    contact us directly for the samachar manthan program

    This is what our students have to say about Samachar Manthan and Sajal Sir & other faculties.

    Feedbacks from our students.

    Samachar Manthan Civilsdaily IAS Current Affairs UPSC

    Toppers and Samachar Manthan

    Shahansha AIR 142, student of Samachar Manthan
    Dilpreet Singh, AIR 237, student of Samachar Manthan
    register here to talk to our teachers and get details on the course
    contact us directly for the samachar manthan program

  • Imp: Must Read Polity Fundamentals For Prelims 2022

    Talk to our mentors for a Roadmap to 2023 Attempt. Click Here

    Form of Government:

    1. Autocracy/ Absolute Monarchy – Concentration of power in one unelected hand
    2. Democracy – government on the basis of elections
    3. Constitutional Monarchy – head of state is king/ queen but acts on the aid and advice of elected council of ministers
    4. Republican Govt.- head of state is elected not a monarch

    Democracy

    Direct -people vote on every issue, they make laws for themselves

    Indirect/ Representative – people choose their representatives who make laws on their behalf

    Referendum -people voting on certain important issues in representative democracies

    Plebiscite – vote where people choose whether or not they want to remain in a state

    In representative democracy

    Written constitution – Laws can not be in violation of constitution. Constitution is supreme. Two types of laws – ordinary laws and constitutional laws

    Unwritten constitution – Laws framed by parliament is supreme i.e parliament is supreme. Ordinary law and constitution law one and the same

    So constitution basically limits the power of state. It has to abide by the constitution

    Who will interpret the constitution – Judiciary. It can review laws and policies of govt – not violative of constitution i.e Judicial review

    Legislature will frame the laws.

    Who will implement – Executive

    Two systems here

    1. Parliamentary form – Executives/ ministers come from Parliament/ must get themselves elected within 6 months.
    2. Presidential form – Executive is not part of legislature
    System of Govt Presidential Parliamentary/ Cabinet form
    Executive Not part of legislature Part of legislature
    Separation of Power Complete Incomplete
    Responsibility to legislature Not responsible Responsible to LokSabha
    Term Fixed term of both legislative and executive Loksabha and cabinet can be dissolved any time
    Govt and state Both head of govt and state Head of state, head of govt is PM, real power vests in PM

    Titbits

    1. In parliamentary form, head of government is prime minister while head of state is president (republic) or monarchy (constitutional monarchy) whereas president is both head of government as well as head of state in presidential form
    2. Incomplete separation of power in parliamentary form; complete separation of power in presidential form

    Form of Govt

    1. Unitary – Only 1 tier of govt for the whole country. Units do not get any power directly from the constitution. There may be local bodies and provinces but parliament delegates power to them
    2. Federal – more than 1, generally 2 tier. Units i.e states/ provinces derive power directly from the constitution

    Shades of Federalism:

    Federal features Unitary features
    Written constitution Area, names, boundaries of states can be changed
    Dual govt, Separate lists – union, state and concurrent Governor
    Judicial review Integrated and unified Judiciary – Supreme court at top
    Rigid constitution – when amending articles having interest of state Emergency provisions
    Bicameral legislature – RS is council of state CAG, EC, All India services, Single citizenship, single constitution

    Note:

    1. Federal government is possible only in countries with written constitution
    2. 3rd tier of governance i.e Panchayati Raj and Municipalities is not federalism but more decentralisation and local self governance.

    Various constitutional doctrines

    1. Separation of Powers – among legislative, executive and judiciary so that no one becomes all powerful
    2. Checks and Balances-  among the three: for instance, judicial review is judicial check on executive and legislature
    3. Doctrine of repugnancy – state law on concurrent list liable to be struck down if inconsistent with central law
    4. Doctrine of harmonious reconstruction – Constitutional provisions interpreted not in isolation but to be construed as to harmonize with those other parts
    5. Doctrine of pith and substance – finding out the true nature of a statute, an act or a provision created by the State is valid if the true nature of the act or the provision is about a subject that falls in the State list
    6. Doctrine of colorable legislation- Whatever legislature can’t do directly, it can’t do indirectly It is most commonly applied wrt article 246 (3 lists)when a Legislature does not possess the power to make law upon a particular subject but nonetheless indirectly makes one
    7. Basic Structure – Constitution has some basic structure which can not be amended even if all members of both the house vote to amend that provision (Keshvananda Bharati Case)
    8. Judicial review – Constitutional courts to examine whether laws or policies violate the constitution

    Historical background

    Timeline

    1. Regulating Act, 1773 – Governor of Bengal became Governor General of Bengal (not india) i.e Bombay and Madras presidency subordinate, Supreme court in Calcutta
    2. Pitts Act 1784 – Board of Control for political affairs, 1st time called British Possession in India
    3. Charter Act of 1833 – Centralization complete, Governor General of Bengal became that of India, law member introduced in the council
    4. Charter Act 1853 – Open competition for civil services
    5. Government of India Act 1858 – Act for good govt, abolished EIC, under direct rule of British govt/ crown now, Secretary of state post created
    6. Act of 1861 – Recognition to portfolio system, some indians nominated to council
    7. Act of 1892 – same story
    8. Act of 1909/ Morley – Minto – element of election introduced, 1st Indian in executive council of viceroy, Separate Electorate
    9. Act of 1919/ Montagu – Chelmsford – Dyarchy or dual govt in provinces – transferred and reserved subject, Bicameral legislature
    10. GOI Act 1935 – Federation, Autonomy to provinces, 3 lists, residuary powers in viceroy

    Titbits:

    1. From 1858 under direct control of British govt. Therefore, GOI acts, before that charter act (EIC charter) and regulating act
    2. Concurrent list was borrowed from GOI act 1935 as well as Australian constitution. Residuary power vests with centre now while it vested in viceroy in GOI act 1935
    3. 1st name is secretary of state and 2nd name is viceroy i.e Montagu and Morley are secretaries
    1st Governor General (GG) of Bengal (1773) Warren Hastings
    1st GG of India (1833) William Bentinck
    Last GG and 1st Viceroy (1858) Lord Canning
    1st law member (1833) Macaulay
    1st Indian to Viceroy’s executive council Satyendra Sinha

    Features from other constitution (Only Imp things)

    USA Federalism, Bill of rights, Judicial review, due process of law
    Britain Parliamentary system, Rule of law, Bicameralism
    Russia Fundamental duties, Justice
    France Republic, liberty, equality, fraternity
    Ireland DPSP, Nomination to RS
    Australia Concurrent list, Joint sitting
    Canada Federation with strong centre, residuary powers with centre, office of governor.