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The competition in the UPSC examination is fierce. One day and even writing one answer a day can make a huge difference. UPSC Prelims is on 10th October 2021. Many of you might want to take a break. And honestly, you deserve it!

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WHAT THE PROGRAM INCLUDES:
- Daily 4 questions from General studies 1, 2, 3, and 4 will be provided to you. A sample 2 week schedule is available below.
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- You can write your answer on the same day and attached a scanned copy. Within 4 days, a review of your answer will be provided.
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October 9, 2021
GI Tags in News
08th Oct 2021

UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

Geographical Indications in India
- A Geographical Indication is used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin.
- Such a name conveys an assurance of quality and distinctiveness which is essentially attributable to its origin in that defined geographical locality.
- This tag is valid for a period of 10 years following which it can be renewed.
- Recently the Union Minister of Commerce and Industry has launched the logo and tagline for the Geographical Indications (GI) of India.
- The first product to get a GI tag in India was the Darjeeling tea in 2004.
- The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 (GI Act) is a sui generis Act for the protection of GI in India.
- India, as a member of the WTO, enacted the Act to comply with the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
- Geographical Indications protection is granted through the TRIPS Agreement.
Two well-known products from Tamil Nadu — Dindigul lock and Kandangi Saree — have been given the Geographical Indication (GI) tag by The Geographical Indications Registry in Chennai.

Dindigul lock
- The Dindigul locks are known throughout the world for their superior quality and durability, so much so that even the city is called Lock City.
- Government institutions such as prisons, godowns, hospitals, and even temples use these locks instead of other machine-made ones.
- The application for the lock was made by the Dindigul Lock, Hardware and Steel Furniture Workers Industrial Co-operative Society Limited.
- More than 3,125 lock manufacturing units are limited to an area of 5 km in and around Dindigul.
- The abundance of iron in this region is the reason for the growth of the industry.
- There are over 50 varieties of locks made by the artisans using raw materials such as MS flat plates and brass plates procured from the nearby towns, including Madurai and Salem.
The Kandangi sarees
- The Kandangi sarees are manufactured in the entire Karaikudi taluk in Sivaganga district.
- They are characterised by large contrast borders and some are known to have borders covering as far as two-thirds of the saree which is usually around 5.10 m-5.60 m in length.
- Worn in summer, these cotton sarees are usually bought by customers in bulk.
- The Amarar Rajeev Gandhi Handloom Weavers Co-operative Production and Sales Society Limited filed the application for the Kandangi saree.
Palani Panchamirtham
- PalaniPanchamirtham, an abishegaPrasadam, from Palani Town is one of the main offerings in the Abisegam of Lord Dhandayuthapani Swamy, the presiding deity of the Temple.
- It is a combination of five natural substances, namely, banana, jaggery sugar, cow ghee, honey and cardamom in a definite proportion.
- It is prepared in a natural method without addition of any preservatives or artificial ingredients and is well known for its religious fervour and gaiety.
- This is the first time a temple ‘prasadam’ from Tamil Nadu has been bestowed with the GI tag.
Tawlhlohpuan
- Tawlhlohpuan, a medium to heavy, compactly woven, good quality fabric from Mizoram is known for warp yarns, warping, weaving & intricate designs that are made by hand.
- Tawlhloh, in Mizo language, means ‘to stand firm or not to move backward’. Tawlhlohpuan, which holds high significance in the Mizo society, is produced throughout the state of Mizoram, Aizawl and Thenzawl town being the main centre of production.
Mizo Puanchei
- Mizo Puanchei, a colourful Mizo shawl/textile, from Mizoram, is considered as the most colourful among the Mizo textiles.
- It is an essential possession for every Mizo lady and an important marriage outfit in the state.
- It is also the most commonly used costume in Mizo festive dances and official ceremonies.
- The weavers insert the designs and motifs by using supplementary yarns while weaving to create this beautiful and alluring textile.
Tirur betel vine
- Tirur betel vine from Kerala is mainly cultivated in Tirur, Tanur, Tirurangadi, Kuttippuram, Malappuram and Vengara block panchayaths of Malappuram District.
- It is valued both for its mild stimulant action and medicinal properties.
- Even though it is commonly used for making pan masala for chewing, it has many medicinal, industrial and cultural usages and is considered as a remedy for bad breath and digestive disorders.
Panchamirtham’ of Palani temple gets GI tag
- The famous Palani panchamirtham, given as ‘prasadam’ at the Murugan temple at Palani has been granted the Geographical Indication (GI) tag.
- This is the first time a temple ‘prasadam’ from Tamil Nadu has been given the GI tag.
About the Panchamirtham
- It is sweet in taste and one of the main offerings for Lord Dhandayuthapani Swamy, the presiding deity of Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple, situated on Palani Hills.
- The panchamirtham is a combination of five natural substances — banana, jaggery, cow ghee, honey and cardamom.
- Dates and diamond sugar candies are added for flavour.
- The panchamirtham is an ‘abhishega prasadam’ (food that is a religious offering), which is served in a semi-solid state.
- Not even a single drop of water is added during the preparation of the panchamirtham.
- This gives it its classic semi-solid consistency and taste. No preservatives or artificial ingredients are used.
Pashmina
- Pashmina is a fine type of cashmere wool. The textiles made from it were first woven in Kashmir.
- The wool comes from a number of different breeds of the cashmere goat; such as the changthangi or Kashmir pashmina goat from the Changthang Plateau in Tibet and part of the Ladakh region and few parts of Himachal Pradesh.
- Often shawls called shahmina are made from this material in Kashmir and Nepal; these shawls are hand spun and woven from the very fine cashmere fibre.
- Traditional producers of pashmina wool are people known as the Changpa.
About Kodaikanal’s malai poondu Garlic
- Also known by its scientific name Allium Sativum, this particular garlic is known for its medicinal and preservative properties. It is grown in the Kodaikanal Hills, Dindugul district.
- It has anti-oxidant and anti-microbial potential, which is attributed to the presence of higher amount of organosulfur compounds, phenols and flavonoids compared to other garlic varieties.
- Its usually white or pale yellow and each bulb weighs 20-30g on an average.
- According to the GI application, Kodaikanal Hill Garlic cultivation is done twice in a year, once around May and for second time in November depending upon the suitability of the climate.
- The hill altitude, the misty condition and the soil prevailing in the Kodaikanal region are responsible for its medicinal property and the long storage shelf life of the garlic.
Kolhapuri Chappal
- According to the GI application made by the two states, Kolhapuris can be traced back to the 12th century King Bijjal who ruled Bidar in Karnataka.
- His prime minister Vishwaguru Basavanna wanted to create a casteless society and remove the stigma associated with the cobbler community.
- The community embraced Lingayat faith and used its creative skills to start producing footwear known equally for its ruggedness and regal bearing.
- Brand Kolhapuri came into being only in the beginning of 20th century when the footwear began to be traded in Kolhapur.
- Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj (1874-1922) of Kolhapur encouraged its production and 29 tanning centres were opened during his rule in Kolhapur.
Kandhamal Haldi
- Kandhamal in Odisha’s southern hinterland is famed for its turmeric, a spice that enjoys its pride of place in an array of cuisines.
- The agricultural product also stands out for its healing properties and arresting aroma.
- The GI tag was primarily developed with the purpose of recognising the unique identity connecting different products and places.
- For a product to get GI tag it has to have a unique quality, reputation or characteristic which is attributable to its geographic origin. ‘Kandhamal Haldi’ has been placed under Class-30 type.
GI Tag for 5 Indian Coffee varieties

Coorg Arabica coffee
- It is grown specifically in the region of Kodagu district in Karnataka.
Wayanaad Robusta coffee
- It is grown specifically in the region of Wayanad district which is situated on the eastern portion of Kerala.
Chikmagalur Arabica coffee
- It is grown specifically in the region of Chikmagalur district and it is situated in the Deccan plateau, belongs to the Malnad region of Karnataka.
Araku Valley Arabica coffee
- It is coffee from the hilly tracks of Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha region at an elevation of 900-1100 Mt MSL.
- The coffee produce of Araku, by the tribals, follows an organic approach in which they emphasise management practices involving substantial use of organic manures, green manuring and organic pest management practices.
Bababudangiris Arabica coffee
- It is grown specifically in the birthplace of coffee in India and the region is situated in the central portion of Chikmagalur district.
- Selectively hand-picked and processed by natural fermentation, the cup exhibits full body, acidity, mild flavour and striking aroma with a note of chocolate.
- This coffee is also called high grown coffee which slowly ripens in the mild climate and thereby the bean acquires a special taste and aroma.
Sirsi Arecanut
- It is cultivated in Yellapura, Siddapura and Sirsi taluks.
- Totgars’ Cooperative Sale Society Ltd., Sirsi, is the registered proprietor of the GI.
- The arecanut grown in these taluks have unique features like a round and flattened coin shape, particular texture, size, cross-sectional views, taste, etc.
- These features are not seen in arecanut grown in any other regions.
Shahi Litchi
- The lychee crop, which is available from May to June, is mainly cultivated in the districts of Muzaffarpur and surrounding districts.
- Cultivation of litchi covers approximately an area of about 25,800 hectares producing about 300,000 tonnes every year.
- India’s share in the world litchi market amounts to less than 1%.
- The names of the litchi produced in Muzaffarpur are Shahi and China.
- The fruits are known for excellent aroma and quality.
King of Mangoes gets GI tag
- Alphonso from Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Palghar, Thane and Raigad districts of Maharashtra, is registered as Geographical Indication (GI).
- The king of mangoes, Alphonso, better known as ‘Hapus’ in Maharashtra, is in demand in domestic and international markets not only for its taste but also for pleasant fragrance and vibrant colour.
- It has long been one of the world’s most popular fruit and is exported to various countries including Japan, Korea and Europe.
- New markets such as USA and Australia have recently opened up.
GI Tag for Telangana
- The Chennai-based GI Registry gave Geographical Indication certificate for Warangal dhurries
- The shatranji carpets and jainamaaz prayer mats are made in Warangal
Specialty of carpets
- Bright colors, geometrically repetitive patterns and interlocking zigzag motifs in cotton and jute are the signature styles of the carpets
- One of the newest innovations by the weavers here is an adaptation of tie-dyed ikat techniques and hand-painted or block-printed kalamkari designs for the dhurries to save time and energy.
Kalamkari Paintings
- Kalamkari or qalamkari is a type of hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile, produced in Iran and
  India
- Its name originates in the Persian, which is derived from the words qalam (pen) and kari (craftsmanship),
  meaning drawing with a pen
- There are two distinctive styles of kalamkari art in India – the Srikalahasti style and the Machilipatnam
  style
- The Srikalahasti style of kalamkari, wherein the "kalam" or pen is used for freehand drawing of the
  subject and filling in the colors is entirely hand worked
- The Pedana Kalamkari craft made at Pedana nearby Machilipatnam in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh,
  evolved with the patronage of the Mughals and the Golconda sultanate
MP gets GI tag for a chicken breed
- Madhya Pradesh has received the Geographical Indications (GI) tag for Kadaknath, a chicken breed whose black meat is in demand in some quarters
- The protein-rich meat of Kadaknath, chicks, and eggs are sold at a much higher rate than other varieties of chicken.
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06th Oct 2021

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Credit Guarantee Trust Fund for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE)

What is CGTMSE?

CGTMSE is a fund which provides a guarantee for loans given to MSEs i.e. in case borrowers fails to give back loans, the bank will get their money from this fund.
It is a Central Government program to promote MSMEs.
Government has increased corpus of fund from Rs 2500 crore to Rs 7500 crore
Now loans given by NBFCs can also be covered under this fund

Udyami Mitra’ portal

Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) has revamped its Udyami Mitra with enhanced features.
The portal was launched to improve the accessibility of credit for the MSMEs.
It helps MSMEs for submission of loan applications which can be picked up by multiple lenders.
It aims at bringing in transparency in the processing of loans by the banks.
Now non-banking finance companies and small finance banks are being on-boarded on the platform for enhancing the flow of credit to MSMEs.
Under the new capitalisation plan, banks will have to compete for loans through the revamped udyamimitra portal.

A Scheme for Promotion of Innovation, Rural Industry and Entrepreneurship (ASPIRE)

ASPIRE has been launched on 16.03.2015 with an objective to set up a network of technology centres, incubation centres to accelerate entrepreneurship and also to promote start-ups for innovation and entrepreneurship in the rural and agriculture-based industry with a fund of Rs.210 crores.
The planned outcomes of ASPIRE are setting up Technology Business Incubators (TBI), Livelihood Business Incubators (LBI) and creation of a Fund of Funds for such initiatives with SIDBI.

Prime Ministers Employment Generation Programme, PMEGP

Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a nodal implementation agency at the national level.
At State and district level, State offices of KVIC, Khadi and Village Industries Boards (KVIBs) and District Industry Centres (DIC) are the implementing agencies.

Objectives

To generate continuous and sustainable employment opportunities in Rural and Urban areas of the country
To provide continuous and sustainable employment to a large segment of traditional and prospective artisans, rural and urban unemployed youth in the country through setting up of micro-enterprises.
To facilitate the participation of financial institutions for higher credit flow to the micro sector.

Eligibility

Individuals above 18 years of age
VIII Std. pass required for the project above Rs.10.00 lakhs in manufacturing and above Rs. 5.00 lakhs for Service Sector
Self Help Groups and Charitable Trusts
Institutions registered under Societies Registration Act- 1860
Production-based Co-operative Societies

Salient features of the scheme

The Scheme is implemented through KVIC and State/UT Khadi & V.I. Boards in Rural areas and through District Industries Centres in Urban and Rural areas in ratio of 30:30:40 between KVIC / KVIB / DIC respectively.
No income ceiling for setting up projects.
Assistance under the Scheme is available only to new units to be established.
Existing units or units already availed any Govt. Subsidy either under State/Central Govt. Schemes are not eligible.
Any industry including Coir Based projects excluding those mentioned in the negative list.
Per capita investment should not exceed Rs. 1.00 lakhs in plain areas and Rs. 1.50 lakhs in Hilly areas.
The maximum project cost of Rs. 25.00 lakhs in the manufacturing sector and Rs. 10.00 lakhs in Service Sector.

Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme (CLCSS)

-CLCSS aims at facilitating technology up-gradation of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) by providing 15% capital subsidy (limited to maximum Rs.15 lakhs) for purchase of Plant & Machinery. -Maximum limit of eligible loan for calculation of subsidy under the scheme is Rs.100 lakhs. Presently, more than 1500 well established/improved technologies under 51 sub-sectors have been approved under the Scheme.

UDYAM SAKHI

It is a network for nurturing social entrepreneurship creating business models revolving around low-cost products and services to resolve social inequities.

Mission

Udyam Sakhi seeks to encourage women entrepreneurs and to aid, counsel, assist and protect their interests. It also preserves free competitive enterprise and to maintain and strengthen the overall economy of our nation.
The Udyam Sakhi helps Indian women to start, build and grow businesses. It recognises that women entrepreneur in the industry is critical to economic recovery and strength, in building the nation’s future, and to helping India compete in today’s global marketplace.

Samadhan Portal

The portal aims at empowering micro and small entrepreneurs across country to directly register their cases relating to delayed payments by Central Ministries, Departments, CPSEs, State Governments.

The Samadhaan portal will give information about pending payment of MSEs with individual CPSEs/Central Ministries, State Governments, etc. The CEO of PSEs and Secretary of Ministries concerned will also be able to monitor cases of delayed payment under their jurisdiction and issue necessary instructions to resolve the issues. The portal will facilitate monitoring of delayed payment in more effective manner. The information on portal will be available in public domain, thus exerting moral pressure on defaulting organisations. The MSEs will also be empowered to access portal and monitor their cases.

Zero Defect, Zero Effect

ZED Scheme aims to rate and handhold all MSMEs to deliver top quality products using clean technology.
It will have sector-specific parameters for each industry.
ZED Scheme is meant to raise quality levels in unregulated MSME sector which is an engine of growth for the Indian economy.
The scheme will be the cornerstone of the Central Government’s flagship Make in India programme, which is aimed at turning India into a global manufacturing hub, generating jobs, boosting growth and increase incomes.

National Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes (SC/ST) Hub

Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) is implementing a scheme of National Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes (SC/ST) Hub.
The Hub is set up to provide professional support to SC/ST entrepreneurs to fulfil the obligations under the Central Government Public Procurement Policy for Micro and Small Enterprises Order 2012, adopt applicable business practices and leverage the Stand-Up India initiatives.
The functions of Hub include collection, collation and dissemination of information regarding SC/ST enterprises and entrepreneurs, capacity building among existing and prospective SC/ST entrepreneurs through skill training and EDPs, vendor development etc.
Four special subsidy schemes/programmes have been approved under National SC/ST Hub namely
- Single Point Registration Scheme
- Special Marketing Assistance Scheme (SMAS)
- Performance & Credit Rating Scheme and
- Special Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme.

SFURTI

As per the revised guidelines, the following schemes are being merged into SFURTI:

The Scheme for Enhancing Productivity and Competitiveness of Khadi Industry and Artisans
The Scheme for Product Development, Design Intervention and Packaging (PRODIP)
The Scheme for Rural Industries Service Center (RISC) and
Other small interventions like Ready Warp Units, Ready to Wear Mission, etc.

Objectives of Scheme

To organize the traditional industries and artisans into clusters to make them competitive and provide support for their long term sustainability and economy of scale;
To provide sustained employment for traditional industry artisans and rural entrepreneurs;
To enhance the marketability of products of such clusters by providing support for new products, design intervention and improved packaging and also the improvement of marketing infrastructure;
To equip traditional artisans of the associated clusters with the improved skills and capabilities through training and exposure visits;
To make provision for common facilities and improved tools and equipment for artisans to promote optimum utilization of infrastructure facilities;
To strengthen the cluster governance systems with the active participation of the stakeholders, so that they are able to gauge the emerging challenges and opportunities and respond to them in a coherent manner;
To build up innovated and traditional skills, improved technologies, advanced processes, market intelligence and new models of public-private partnership s, so as to gradually replicate similar models of cluster-based regenerated traditional industries
To look for setting up of multi-product cluster with an integrated value chain and a strong market-driven approach for viability and long term sustainability of the cluster;
To ensure convergence from the design stage with each activity of the cluster formation and operations thereof.
To develop specific product lines out of the currently offered diversified basket of heterogeneous products based on the understanding of the target consumer segment. A brand unification exercise also needs to be done to maximize the value.

Trade-Related Entrepreneurship Development Assistance Scheme (TREAD) Women entrepreneurship programme

There is a provision of Govt of India Grant up to 30% of Loan/credit sanctioned subject to a maximum ceiling of 30 Lakhs to NGOs as appraised by Lending Institutes/Banks for undertaking capacity building activities such as Training, counselling, participation in exhibitions, the establishment of new SHGs etc and other components as approved by Bank/Steering Committee.
The non-farming activities taken up by women are Tailoring, Handicrafts, Embroidery, Toy making, Readymade garments, Candle making, Agarbatti making, paper cup and plate making, Masala powder making, Saree weaving, Coir mat making, Pickles making, Readymade garments, basketry and brooms making, Jute bag making etc.
The focus of the scheme is to promote self-employment and income generation activities for women mostly from SHG groups in the non-farm sector.

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October 9, 2021

Schemes, Project, and Policies Regarding Science and Technology
09th Oct 2021

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1. SATHI

The Department of Science & Technology has launched a unique scheme called “Sophisticated Analytical & Technical Help Institutes(SATHI)”.

Objectives of the Scheme
- SATHI will address the problems of accessibility, maintenance, redundancy and duplication of expensive equipment in the institutions.
- This will also foster a strong culture of collaboration between institutions and across disciplines to take advantage of developments, innovations and expertise in diverse areas.
2. National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA)

The Finance Minister in budget 2020 has announced a National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA).

About NM-QTA
- The mission will function under the Department of Science & Technology (DST).
- It will be able to address the ever-increasing technological requirements of society and take into account the international technology trends.
- The mission will help prepare next-generation skilled manpower, boost translational research and also encourage entrepreneurship and start-up ecosystem development.
3. Project MANAV: Human Atlas Initiative
- For the first time, Indian scientists will be mapping every single tissue of the human body to have a deeper understanding of the roles of tissues and cells linked to various diseases.
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT) launched MANAV: Human Atlas Initiative towards improving knowledge on human physiology.
- It is a project funded by DBT, which aims at creating a database network of all tissues in the human body from the available scientific literature.
- It is a project that involves scientific skill development for annotation, science outreach along with handling big data.
- It will involve gaining better biological insights through physiological and molecular mapping, develop disease models through predictive computing and have a holistic analysis and finally drug discovery.
- The student community, who will be the backbone on assimilating the information, will be trained and imparted with skills to perform annotation and curation of information that will ultimately form the online network.
- DBT has invested funds shared between two institutions in Pune – National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS) and Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), Pune.
- Besides, Persistent Systems Limited has co-funded the project and is developing the platform.
4. Project Cosmic Microwave Background-Bharat
- CMB stands for Cosmic Microwave Background, and the scientific space project CMB-Bharat has been presented as a proposal to ISRO and is under consideration.
- In the workshop, project CMB-Bharat, which could help us listen to the faintest murmurs of the early universe, was discussed.
- CMB-Bharat is a proposal for comprehensive next-generation Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) mission in international collaboration with major Indian contribution.
- This referred to quantum gravitational waves, which are different from what LIGO detectors had observed that were classical in nature.
5. Phyto-Pharma Plant Mission

Objectives
- Rs 50 crore Mission aimed at conservation and cultivation of endangered and threatened endemic medicinal plants, and discovery of new botanical drugs for unmet medical needs using the rich traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and biodiversity of these states and at the same time also improve the availability of authentic and quality botanical raw material on a sustainable basis for a boom in the phyto-pharmaceutical industry
- Nodal Ministry –Ministry of Science & Technology
6. Brahmaputra Biodiversity and Biology Boat

Objectives
- B4 will establish a large barge on the river with a well-equipped laboratory for analysis of all components of the entire ecosystem of the river and surroundings. The B4 will link to all the local research institutions along the river, as well as national and international laboratories
- Nodal Ministry –Ministry of Science & Technology
7. INSPIRE (INNOVATION IN SCIENCE PURSUIT FOR INSPIRED RESEARCH)

Objectives
- To attract talent to Science.
- To communicate to the youth of the country the excitements of creative pursuit of science, attract talent to the study of science at an early age and thus build the required critical human resource pool for strengthening and expanding the Science & Technology system and R&D base.
- It does not believe in conducting competitive exams for the identification of talent at any level.
- It believes in and relies on the efficacy of the existing educational structure for the identification of talent.
- INSPIRE has three components:
- i. Scheme for Early Attraction of Talent (SEATS)
- ii. Scholarship for Higher Education (SHE)
- iii. Assured Opportunity for Research Careers (AORC)
- The Inspire Awards have been renamed as MANAK
8. JIGYASA –

Objectives
- Student-Scientist Connect Programme
- Connecting school students and scientists so as to extend student’s classroom learning with that of a very well planned research laboratory-based learning.
- CSIR + Kendriya Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS).
9. VAJRA

Objectives –
- The Government of India recently launched VAJRA (Visiting Advanced Joint Research) Faculty scheme by the Department of Science and Technology which enables NRIs and overseas scientific community to participate and contribute to research and development in India. The Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), a statutory body of the Department will implement the Scheme.
- International Faculty / scientists/technologists including Non-resident Indians (NRI) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) / Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) are offered adjunct / visiting faculty positions in Indian Institutions / Universities for a period of 1-3 months under this scheme. The faculty can also undertake the role of teaching /mentoring apart from R&D.
- Public funded institutions and national laboratories are allowed to host the VAJRA faculty.
- Nodal Ministry –Ministry of Science & Technology
10. National Initiative for Developing & Harnessing Innovation (NIDHI)

Objectives

A programme to address the complete chain of innovation ecosystem right from scouting to mentoring to scaling up innovations. launched by DST. Establishment of a research park at IIT Gandhinagar has been supported at a cost of Rs.90 cr.

11.Surya Jyoti

Objectives
- In order to capture daylight and concentrate the same inside a dark room, particularly in the urban slum or rural areas which lack electricity supply, a low cost and energy-efficient Micro Solar Dome (Surya Jyoti) has been tested and developed. -Potential users of this device are10 million households.
- According to preliminary estimates, if this technology is adopted in 10 million households only, it has the potential of saving 1750 million units of energy.
- It would also lead to an emission reduction of about 12.5 million ton of CO2 equivalent, hence giving a fillip to the mission of ‘Clean India, Green India’.
- The manufacturing process, being labour-intensive, would also generate huge job opportunities in the economy.
- Nodal Ministry – Department of Science & Technology.
12. Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan
- Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan is running successfully to motivate children to learn Science, Maths and Technology through observation and experimentation.
- It was launched on 9th July 2015 by Late Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, Former President of India.
- Nodal Ministry-HRD Ministry.
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October 9, 2021
Last Minute Revision Modules for UPSC CSE Prelims 2021

Revision and practice of the mock test have incomparable importance in the UPSC Prelims examination. Considering this year’s prelims being just a week ahead, it’s high time that all of the appearing aspirants should go through the important and most repetiting topics being asked in the exam.

Looking at the demand of the examination, we have started the “Mission Nikalo Prelims’ initiative for better coverage of the syllabus. We have cherrypicked the ‘60 most important topics‘ from where a maximum number of questions have been asked by UPSC in the past 10 years. We have accompanied the mock tests so that the practice angle should also get covered.

It’s the best time to give the final touch to your preparation and cover the topics which have left due to a dearth of time. The link to the initiative is given below:

Mission Nikalo Prelims (Click here)

All the best!

October 9, 2021
Daily Answer Writing Enhancement (AWE) Program is Back || Enrollments Open for the Months of October and November
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The competition in the UPSC examination is fierce. One day and even writing one answer a day can make a huge difference. UPSC Prelims is on 10th October 2021. Many of you might want to take a break. And honestly, you deserve it!

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Answer writing practices through Civilsdaily’s Daily AWE program can reduce test anxiety and helps you ace the GS Mains answer writing. And what is a better way to practice for UPSC Mains Examinations than attempting Questions which are the closest to the demands of the UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination? The more you are accustomed to sitting for a period of time, answering questions, and pacing yourself, the more comfortable you will feel when you actually sit down to take the real UPSC Mains examinations yourself.

We are working hard to make the program more featureful, highlight the best answers, show the competency levels of students.

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WHAT THE PROGRAM INCLUDES:
- Daily 4 questions from General studies 1, 2, 3, and 4 will be provided to you. A sample 2 week schedule is available below.
- A Mentor’s Comment will be available for all answers. This can be used as a guidance tool, but we encourage you to write original answers.
- You can write your answer on the same day and attached a scanned copy. Within 4 days, a review of your answer will be provided.
- Also, write the Razor payment ID, when you attached your answer.
- If you are writing answers late, then please tag the mentor, to let him know about your submission. These answers will be evaluated as per the mentor’s schedule.
SCHEDULE:

Here is the schedule for the first week of October to give you an idea about how we will follow your Syllabus:

CLICK HERE TO CHECK THE FULL SCHEDULE

NOTE: For GS2 and GS3, we take questions from recent current affairs. This ensures coverage of both static and current affairs.

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October 9, 2021
How to solve the UPSC 2021 Prelims Paper

UPSC Prelims 2021 is almost here and there are some last moment strategies you should know about approaching the Prelims paper. These strategies are tried and tested and have given results time after time. My strategies have helped thousands of students crack Prelims and now it’s your time!

These strategies are so effective that they were shared by India Today for all UPSC aspirants. You can read it by clicking the link below:

Sajal sir’s strategy shared by India today

And remember, after the Prelims, I would be sharing the paper analysis and expected cutoff on a free webinar. Don’t forget to fill the form below and register for a complete analysis of the Prelims paper, Sunday evening at 7 p.m.

Register for sajal sir’s webinar – complete analysis + Expected cutoff

October 9, 2021
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Dear All,

Civilsdaily has become a force to reckon with. With our bold initiatives and maturing innovations, we are pushing the boundaries even further constantly thinking about bettering the learning outcomes for so many students.

Inviting applications for open positions is a rare event for us. We don’t remember the last time we did something like this. This means it is an extremely rare opportunity for you.

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October 8, 2021
Last Minute Revision Modules for UPSC CSE Prelims 2021

Revision and practice of the mock test have incomparable importance in the UPSC Prelims examination. Considering this year’s prelims being just a week ahead, it’s high time that all of the appearing aspirants should go through the important and most repetiting topics being asked in the exam.

Looking at the demand of the examination, we have started the “Mission Nikalo Prelims’ initiative for better coverage of the syllabus. We have cherrypicked the ‘60 most important topics‘ from where a maximum number of questions have been asked by UPSC in the past 10 years. We have accompanied the mock tests so that the practice angle should also get covered.

It’s the best time to give the final touch to your preparation and cover the topics which have left due to a dearth of time. The link to the initiative is given below:

Mission Nikalo Prelims (Click here)

All the best!

October 8, 2021
[Yojana Archive] Fighting Femicide
UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

September 2021: “Nari Shakti”

Context: Violence Against Women (VAW)
- VAW is a growing concern throughout the region and within South Asia, which is home to one-fifth of the world population, violence, or the risk of violence, permeates every aspect of women’s lives from birth to death.
- It is estimated that one-third of South Asian women experience violence throughout their lives and VAW is institutionalised through family structures, wider social and economic frameworks, and cultural and religious traditions.
- This violence is insidious, it is a widely accepted method for controlling women, is largely overlooked by law enforcement agencies, and is ignored by those in power.
- The violence against women is more glaring as Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated the condition of women in every walk of life.
Definition of Femicide
- The term femicide was originally defined as the killing of women but has been adapted over time to represent the act of killing women because of their gender.
- In this sense, femicide is understood to be motivated by misogyny and prejudice against women.
- For a case to be considered femicide there must be an implied intention to carry out the crime and a demonstrated connection between the crime and the gender of the victim.
- Throughout India, several forms of violence against women fit within the definition of femicide including domestic violence, honour killings, dowry deaths, sex-selective abortions, infanticide, domestic violence, and witch-hunting.
A case severed by the Pandemic
- A 53% rise is seen in crime against women in 2020 from cases rising from 1411 cases/month to 2165 cases/month after a lockdown was imposed.
- In India, the mortality rate for women from Covid is 3.3 per cent compared to 2.9 per cent for men.
- This paper will focus on domestic violence, dowry deaths, and sex-selective abortions.
[A] Domestic Violence
- Domestic violence is prevalent across India and is widely accepted as a legitimate part of family life by both women and men.
- The family institution is an extremely important aspect of Indian culture and is central to the country’s social and economic frameworks.
- However, for many women the family does not represent a safe and protective unit, rather it reinforces wider patterns of gender discrimination and legitimises violence as a method for controlling and subjugating women.
- The most recent National Family Health Survey found that in India 34% of women between the ages of 15-49 have experienced violence at some point since they turned 15 and that 37% of married women have experienced violence.
[B] Dowry Deaths
- Dowry is a cultural tradition in which the family of the bride gives cash and presents to the family of the groom.
- It was originally meant to support new couples beginning their married life.
- However, India’s prevailing patriarchy as well as rising economic demands have turned dowry into a commercial transaction that is underpinned by socio-economic standing and reinforces the financial dependency of women on their husbands.
- The dowry system also reinforces discrimination against women and dowry-related deaths continue to compromise women’s safety throughout India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh.
- According to NCRB reports, on average, every hour a woman succumbs to dowry deaths in India with the annual figure rising upwards to 7000.
- Violence against women often increases when a family requests a larger dowry after marriage or shows dissatisfaction with the dowry they have received.
[C] Sex-selective abortions
- The practice of sex-selected abortions throughout South Asia, particularly in India, highlights the extent of patriarchy and misogyny throughout the region.
- It is a particularly insidious form of violence because it prevents girl children from being born purely because they are girls.
- The practice of sex-selective abortions is growing throughout the region.
- About 6.8 million lesser female births will be recorded across India by 2030 because of the persistent usage of selective abortions, researchers estimate.
- The increasing availability of prenatal technologies means that families are able to determine the sex of the foetus and are choosing to abort female foetuses at an alarming rate.
- An estimated 10 million female foetuses have been aborted over the past two decades.
Responses to Femicide
- New laws and policies as well as growing support from law enforcement agencies and civil society groups are empowering women to seek assistance in the case of violence and abuse.
- Furthermore, efforts are being made to improve the implementation of legislation that is helping to increase the rate of conviction and reducing the prevalence of gender-related crimes.
[A] Legal Protection
- Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961: It bans the request and payment of the dowry of any form as a precondition for marriage.
- Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCIPNDT) Act, 1994: It prohibits the use of prenatal technologies to determine the sex of a foetus and several states have launched vigilance cells to curb incidences of female foeticide.
- IPC and CrPC: There is no legislation directly addressing honour killings and currently, the crime is dealt with under the Indian Penal Code or the Criminal Procedure Code.
[B] Affirmative Actions
- Women’s organisations have also worked to educate women on their rights and provide support to those who have experienced violence.
- Many NGOs across the country provide counselling, legal support, and livelihood programmes for women so that they can become more empowered and financially independent.
- This is paralleled by government initiatives to promote women’s social and political empowerment.
[C] Political Empowerment
- The reservation of 33% of seats in India’s local government increased women’s political participation and has led to more gender friendly governance.
- The development of further affirmative legislation in the State of Goa, which allocates nearly half of the state’s representative council seats for women.
- However, in the year 2020, India ranked 142 among 193 countries in terms of the per centage of women in Parliament.
- A total of 78 women MPs were elected in 2019 i.e., 14.4%.
- The number of women voters had risen from 47% (2014) to about 48% (2019) while women MPs in the 16th Lok Sabha stand at 11.2% after more than 70 years of Independence.
Unaddressed Issues
- In spite of these efforts femicide persists throughout India.
- While legislation may protect victims of violence in theory in many cases the penalties outlined within the legislation are weak.
- Furthermore, the implementation of these laws remains limited and, in many cases, ineffective in preventing femicide or prosecuting the perpetrators of this violence.
- A lack of commitment to ending VAW at the political level is evident across India and is preventing substantive action at the legislative, policy, and programmatic level.
- A lack of funding and infrastructure to address violence remains one of the biggest impediments to the effective implementation of this legislation and little budgetary allocations are directed towards the reduction of violence against women and the realisation of women’s rights.
Approaches Required to Address Femicide
- Efforts must be made to encourage and support governments to develop effective and comprehensive approaches to femicide.
- Legislation is also essential for addressing structural gender discrimination as well as cultural and social legitimisation of violence against women.
- Tackling femicide is extremely difficult especially given that gender discrimination and violence against women are so embedded within India’s social, cultural, and economic structures.
- Responses to femicide must be comprehensive and involve the development and implementation of strong legislation, gender-sensitive law enforcement policies and protocols.
- There needs to be awareness-raising at the grassroots level, support for individuals and families experiencing violence, and the realisation of women’s social, economic, and political rights.
Increase in Support Services for Women
- There is inadequate support available for women who experience violence and in many cases their lack of resources means they are forced to endure ongoing violence.
- Support programmes can strengthen infrastructure by increasing shelter homes and improving medical facilities.
- This infrastructure ensures that women who wish to leave violent situations have safe alternative accommodation, medical services, and social-support services.
- Support services can also educate women on their rights and the legislation protecting them from violence and can assist them to make positive changes in their lives and to respond to violence.
- Awareness-building programmes around women’s rights are essential to addressing the underlying causes of domestic violence.
- Currently, only approximately 1% of women report incidences of abuse and many are not aware of their rights or legislation protecting them from violence and harassment.
Conclusion: Addressing Patriarchy
- Femicide cannot be fully addressed without tackling the widespread patriarchy and misogyny that permeates much of Indian society.
- It is vital that the overwhelming culture of patriarchy is taken into consideration when developing interventions so that outdated attitudes towards women are replaced with respect and gender sensitivity.
October 8, 2021

Category: Ranker Webinars

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08th Oct 2021

Samanvaya: Free 1-to-1 mentorship for UPSC IAS

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06th Oct 2021

Credit Guarantee Trust Fund for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE)

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Prime Ministers Employment Generation Programme, PMEGP

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Samanvaya: Free 1-to-1 mentorship for UPSC IAS

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09th Oct 2021

1. SATHI

2. National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA)

3. Project MANAV: Human Atlas Initiative

4. Project Cosmic Microwave Background-Bharat

5. Phyto-Pharma Plant Mission

6. Brahmaputra Biodiversity and Biology Boat

7. INSPIRE (INNOVATION IN SCIENCE PURSUIT FOR INSPIRED RESEARCH)

8. JIGYASA –

9. VAJRA

10. National Initiative for Developing & Harnessing Innovation (NIDHI)

11.Surya Jyoti

12. Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan

Samanvaya: Free 1-to-1 mentorship for UPSC IAS

Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form

Let’s keep the momentum going.

WHAT THE PROGRAM INCLUDES:

Civilsdaily is looking to hire across multiple roles.

Context: Violence Against Women (VAW)

Definition of Femicide

A case severed by the Pandemic

[A] Domestic Violence

[B] Dowry Deaths

[C] Sex-selective abortions

Responses to Femicide

[A] Legal Protection

[B] Affirmative Actions

[C] Political Empowerment

Unaddressed Issues

Approaches Required to Address Femicide

Increase in Support Services for Women

Conclusion: Addressing Patriarchy