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ESCAPE THE SNOOZE MODE IN YOUR UPSC-CSE PREPARATION
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.(Also provided at the bottom of the article)
We talked to 8000+ aspirants in the last one year and their answers will surprise you.
Inconsistency in UPSC preparation is like getting up at 5 am. A night before you set up your alarm. The motivation to get up is high at this point. But in the morning, when the alarm rings, we swipe it to the right with a thought “IN 5 MINUTES…FOR SURE!!”. This snooze cycle usually continues for some time till we realize it is 8 am. Already a bad start to the day! To add to it, you will spend the whole day repenting upon not being able to get up early, instead of focusing upon the time we have. The same goes for UPSC preparation. You set your targets but one slight glitch and your whole preparation go off track. Till the time you yourself realize this mismanagement, it is a bit too late. Anxiety builds up, performance levels fall. You are not able to achieve even 10% OF YOUR TRUE POTENTIAL on the D-day.
WE ASKED 8000+ STUDENTS ONE SIMPLE QUESTION –
“WHAT IS THE BIGGEST OBSTACLE THAT YOU ARE FACING IN YOUR UPSC PREPARATION?”
YOU WILL BE ASTOUNDED THAT ONE ANSWER WAS COMMON IN REPLIES – INCONSISTENCY.
They are Consistently Inconsistent. Meaning, they go through these highs and lows in their preparation. They are able to study for days, week but they hit a sudden gap in preparation. Then, they find it very hard to come back. The good news is that we have the solution.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
Our philosophy behind MENTORSHIP is to get you out of this Snooze cycle. This ensures that you are the BEST VERSION of yourself in this journey. If you are under the impression that mentorship is weekly calls you attend, then you are mistaken, my friend. Trust us, your mentor will be your ‘FRIEND, PHILOSOPHER AND GUIDE’.
How Mentorship can fight inconsistency in preparation?
TO EACH THEIR OWN – Every aspirant is different. Their strengths and weaknesses are different. Their time availability is also different. Identifying this is important so you don’t end up making unrealistic targets and lose momentum. Your mentor will make sure you start slow but remain consistent to build your confidence. Making your schedule structured based on our experience of working with 2500+ students is our first priority.
TRACK YOUR PROGRESS – When you see yourself grow, it becomes easier to motivate yourself to push boundaries. Tracking your progress can happen in many ways like mentorship calls or chat sessions or by regular tests. The idea is to ensure that you don’t go off track in your preparation, and even if you do, we have your back.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
EVOLUTION – A constant guidance is important to bring consistency to your UPSC preparation. Guidance is not about clearing your doubts or asking you to study when you don’t. It is also about the evolution of your preparation. This is where you and your mentor work as a team. A constant effort to PLAN AND BUILD UP YOUR ABILITY to learn in a faster and more efficient way.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
TALK IT OUT – The biggest hurdle in achieving your highest level of consistency is the emotional part. Every now and then, you. surround yourself with negative thoughts, you feel scared and depressed. Instead of resolving these emotional issues, you avoid them as it seems like a waste of your precious time. You have to understand that ignoring emotional troubles does not solve them. What your doing is building an emotional time bomb that may burst a week before your mains or prelims! This is where your MENTOR AS A FRIEND comes in. All our mentors have been through this journey. We understand your fears and anxieties. So, TALK IT OUT.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
Don’t let inconsistency keep you away from your dreams.
Fill up the SAMANVAYA form given below. Let us know your problems and we will find a solution to it, just like our students say ” TOGETHER WE CAN AND WE WILL”.
Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form
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Important Historical Sculpture/Tribes in India, Their festivals, and Culture
7th May 2021
Important Historical Sculpture and Paintings
Famous Sculpture/ Painting Era/ Dynasty Monument Bodhisattva Padmapani Gupta Period Ajanata Mahakapi Jataka Sunga Bharhut stupa Torso of Vishnu Gupta Period Mathura Stupa worship Mauryan/Sunga period Bharhut stupa Yakshini Mauryan/Sunga period Bharhut stupa Queen Maya’s dream Mauryan/Sunga period Bharhut stupa Painting of Yashodahara,Rahul & buddha Gupta Period Ajanata Standing Buddha Gupta Period Sarnath Seated Buddha Kushanas Mathura Standing Buddha Kushanas Gandhara Mara Vijaya Multiple period Ajanta Maheshmurthi Rashtrakuta Period Elephanta caves Shiva chasing boar Vijaynagara Period Lepakshi temple Shiva killing Tripurasura Thanjavoor Dakshinamurthy Vijaynagara Period Lepakshi temple Ladies attending Parvathy Vijaynagara Period Lepakshi temple Krishna playing the flute Pundareekapuram temple Sheshashayana Vishnu Gupta Period Dashavtar temple Vishnu in Nara-Narayan form Gupta Period Dashavtar temple Arjun Penance Pallavas Mahabalipuram Statue of Suparshvanatha Pallavas Statue of Gommateshwara, Ganga Dynasty Shravanbelagola, Karnataka Yakshi Mauryan Period Didarganj Durga with eight arms shown in the act of defeating Mahishasura, Pallavas Mahishasura Mardini Cave, Mahabalipuram Ravana Shaking Mount Kailasha Rashtrakuta Ellora Nandi bull Cholas Brihadeshwara temple Kalyana Sundara Murthy Rashtrakuta Ellora Nayika Ganga Dynasty Lingraj temple Nataraja Cholas Brideshwar temple Manjira player Ganga Dynasty Surya Mandir,Odhisa Mohini Hoysalas Chennakeshava temple Pillars with horse rider Naykas Meenakshi temple Worship of Bodhi tree Mauryan Period Bharhut Animals worshipping Bodhi tree Sungas Sanchi Yakshini Sungas Sanchi Taming of Nalagiri elephant Mauryan Period Amravati Head of Buddha Kushanas Gandhara Seated Buddha Kushanas Mathura Dwarfish Yaksha Pithalkoda caves Five Ratha Pallavas Mahabalipuram Vrikshika Sunga Sanchi Stupa Buddha’s Great departure Kushanas Gandhara Indra flying amid clouds together with celestial nymphs Gupta Period Ajanta The following table contains the tribes in India, significant aspects of their life, and festivals they celebrate.
Name of the tribe States/ Region Significant aspects related to the tribe Festivals Munda Chota Nagpur Plateu 1.Christianity is their main religion.
2..They speak Mundari which is austro-asiatic Language.Main festivals of Munda tribe are Mage Parab , Ind-Parab Jom-Nagoa or Jom Nawa ,Batauli ,Kolom Sing ,Phagu Festival ,Sarhul or Ba Parab ,Karam and Sohrai Festival Santhals West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Jharkhand and Assam. 1.Santhals are the third largest tribe in India.
2.Santhals speak Santhali, which belongs to the Austro- Asiatic language family. Santhals have their script called Olchiki, which was developed by Dr Raghunath Murmu in 1925.
3.Santhals have no temples of their own. They even do not worship any idols. Santhals follow the Sarna religion.Santhals mainly celebrate the Karam festival which falls in the month of September and October Angami Nagaland 1.Men wear shawls called white Mhoushu and the black Lohe. The women wear Mechala – the wrap around skirt and shawls of unique designs and patterns
2.Christianity is the major religion followed among the Angami tribal people
3.Angamis are quite popular for their woodcraft and artwork.Sekrenyi is the main festival celebrated among the Angamis in Nagaland. Bhils The central Bhils are found in the mountain regions in the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujrat and Rajasthan. Bhils are also found in the north eastern parts of Tripura. 1.Religion practice among the Bhils differ from place to place. Most of them worship local deities like Khandoba, Kanhoba, Bahiroba, and Sitalmata. Some of the worship Tiger God called ‘vaghdev’. They have no temples of their own.
2.Ghoomar is the most famous dance among the Bhils.
3.Than Gair is the religious dance drama performed by the men in the month of Sharavana (July and August)The Baneshwar fair is the main festival celebrated among the Bhils. This fair is held during the period of Shivatri (in the month of January or February) and is dedicated to Baneshwar Mahadev also known as Lord Shiva. On this occasion Bhils gather all together set up camps on the banks of the Som and Mahi river. Chenchus Chenchu inhabit in the Nallamalai hills, which have been the part of the Nagarjuna Sagar Tiger Sanctuary for centuries in Andhra Pradesh India. 1.Chenchus talk in Chenchu language with the Telgu accent. Their language is also known as Chenchucoolam, Chenchwar, Chenswar or Choncharu.
2.Chenchus worship number of deities. They mainly believe in Bhagaban taru who lives in the sky and look after the Chenchus in all their doings. Another deity they worship is Garelamai Sama, who is the Goddess of forest.Khasis Khasi tribe is mainly found in the sate of Assam and the Khasi Jaintia hills in Meghalaya 1.Khasis speak Khasi, which is an Austro- Asiatic language. It is the part of the Mon-Khmer group of languages.
2.Khasis have a matriachal society.
3.Most of the Khasis follow Christianity as the religion. The Khasi believe in the supreme creator God U Blei Nong-thaw.Nongkrem is the major festival celebrated among the Khasis. Bhuthias Bhutia tribes are of the Tibetan origin. They migrated to Sikkim around 16th century. In the northern part of the Sikkim where they are the major inhabitants, they are known as the Lachenpas and Lachungpas. Majority of the Bhutias are concentrated in the dry valley of the North Sikkim. 1.Bhutia tribes usually speak Sikkimese.
2.The legal system among the Bhutias is termed as the Dzumsa, which means the rendezvous point of the common masses.
3. Bhutia male wear Bakhu which is a loose traditional dress with the full sleeves. While the women dress consists of Silken Honju, which is the full sleeves blouseLosar and Losoong are the main festivals celebrated among the Bhutia tribes. Gonds The Gonds are the tribal community mostly found in the Gond forests of central India. They are widely spread in the Chhindwara District of Madhya Pradesh 1.Gonds tribe speak Gondi language which is related to the Telgu and the other Dravidian languages.
2.Gonds have been largely influenced by the Hindus and for the long time have been practicing the Hindus culture and traditions. Gonds are the worshipers of Janani or the mother of creator.
3.Gusadi dance is the most famous dance perfomed by the Gonds.Gonds fair and festivals are influenced from the Hindu traditions. Keslapur Jathra is the important festival of the Gonds. Gaddis Himachal Pradesh. 1.The main occupation of Gaddi tribes is shepherding and they make their livelihood by rearing and selling sheeps, goats, mules and horses
2. They speak Gaddi langaugeThe Namagen dance is performed in the month of September to celebrate the autum. They were costumes which are largely woolen and studded with ornaments of silver. They are worn by women. Birhor Chattisgarh 1.They follow Hinduism and have their indigenous traditional beliefs. ‘Sing Bonga’, is regarded by the people as the supreme god.
2.Birhor tribe is one of the primitive tribes. They belong to the Proto-Australoid stock; linguistically, they originate from the Austro-Asiatic group.Garo Meghalaya 1.In Garo tribes, women are the owners of property thus making it a matrilineal society.
2.most of the Garos adopted Christianity. These tribes speak Garo language, which is also further divided into different sub-languages or dialects.Wangala is one of the significant festivals of these tribes This festival is celebrated after the harvest of crops as thanks giving ceremony to their deity Salijong Zeliang Nagaland 1.The Zeliang practice wet cultivation or Panikheti and terraced cultivation. They practice Jhum cultivation though they prefer Panikheti.
2.Many have accepted the religion of Christianity.The Hega festival is one of the most important and the largest festivals among the Zeliang community Rengma Nagaland 1.They belong to the Mongoloid racial stock. The Rengma is a patriarchal society therefore the line of descent is traced through the male side and property rights goes to the male line. 2.The Rengma tribes are agriculturists. They grow paddy through Jhum cultivation and wet cultivation.
3.Traditionally Rengma tribes are worshippers of supernatural beings. The Supreme god is known as Teronyu. Nyensug and Nyensugi are the next important god and goddesses who are worshipped for household wealth. Now most of the Rengma tribes are Christians
Ngada is the most important festival of Rengma tribes. It is celebrated after harvesting the crop or at the end of November or in the beginning of December. Actually it is a “Thanks giving” festival of the Rengma tribes Ao Nagaland The Ao Nagas are rich in their folk literature.
With the arrival of Christian missionaries in the 19th century the Ao were some of the earliest converts to Christianity among the other Naga tribes.1. The Aos observe Moatsü Mong after the sowing is done. The festival provides them a period of recreation and entertainment after the stressful work of clearing fields, burning jungles, sowing seeds, cleaning up the Tsubu (wells) and repairs and construction of houses by elders of the Putu Menden, stretching over a week.
2.Aos have another festival called Tsüngrem Mong. It is celebrated in the eve of the harvest.Lushai Manipur/Mizoram 1.Lushai tribes have developed expertise in swimming and hunting. That they are good archers are apparent from the fact that they can nicely handle ‘Sairawkher’.
2.The way they dress shows that these Lushai tribes have got aesthetic sense. Lukhum is a special hat worn by the Lushai tribes. It is sharp in shape, mainly prepared from ‘bamboo splits’. Special open-hexagonal weave are used for weaving these hats.
3.For proper administration, the whole of the Lushai society are segregated into clans and castes, nicely run by a village head. Different is the way in which they practice the ‘Sakhua sacrifice’. These Lushai tribes are pious.There Bamboo dance(known as Cheraw dance) is very famous. Hmar Manipur 1.The society is patrilineal and patriarchal in nature.
2. Hmars worship supernatural beings. Pathien is the supreme god.
3.The Hmars depend on forest products. Their economy can be classified dually -traditional and subsidiary occupations.Chawn-lam, Dar-lam, Pheipheet-lam, Hrang-lam, Tinna-Hla-lam are the common dances of the Hmar community. All dances are based on the rhythmic tunes of musical instruments. Kuki Manipur Kuki Tribe of Manipur are mainly followers of Christianity and Judaism. Mizo Mizoram 1.The Mizos are of the Mongoloid racial stock with well built features.
2.They follow Christianity
3.The Mizos are mainly an agricultural people. Jhum cultivation is the traditional form of agriculture that is practicedThe Mizo celebrate many festivals among which Chapchar kut and Pavlkut are most important festivals. Chapchar kut is celebrated in the month of March. It is the spring festival celebrated. Pawl kut is a harvest festival celebrated in the months of December and January. Chakesang Nagaland Held in between March and April, the Tsukhenyi festival is one of the least known tribal festivals in India that is celebrated with great enthusiasm by the Chakesang Nagass Limboos Sikkim 1.Many Limbu follow a combination of Buddhism and their traditional beliefs.
2.There traditional group dance is called dhannach and is performed during marriage,death or any festivities
3.The traditional dress of Limboos are mekhli and TagaLepchas Sikkim 1.The Lepchas are the aboriginal inhabitants of Sikkim and they are mostly settled in North Sikkim. They are mostly Buddhist but many of them have now adopted Christianity
2. The traditional cloths of the Lepchas are woven in exquisite colour combinations. Men’s dress is called Thokro-Dum and the female’s dress is called Dumdyam or Dumvum.
3. The Lepcha trace their descent patrilineally. The marriage is negotiated between the families of the bride and the groom.Apatani Aruanchal Pradesh 1.UNESCO has proposed the Apatani valley for inclusion as a World Heritage Site for its “extremely high productivity” and “unique” way of preserving the ecology
2. Women of the Apatani Tribe, in India’s Apatani plateau, are famous for the bizarre nose plugs they’ve been wearing since times long passed.They have two major festival- Dree and Myoko. Nyishis Aruanchal Pradesh 1.The Nyishi language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family, however, the origin is disputed.
2.Polygyny is prevalent among the Nyish.
3. The Nyishis, who traditionally wear cane helmets surmounted by the crest of a hornbill beak (known as pudum, padam), have considerably affected the population of this bird.
Several organizations, such as the Arunachal Wildlife and Nature Foundation and the Wildlife Trust of India, have been trying to stop the Nyishi hunting these birds in order to protect them from extinction. Nature reserves, such as the Pakke Sanctuary, are being set up to protect the birds, while artificial materials, such as fiberglass, have been introduced as an alternative to the hornbill beak in Nyishi dress.Nyokum is the festival celebrated by the Nyishi people, a religion which commemorates their ancestors. Adis Aruanchal Pradesh Adi dances vary from the slow, rustic and beautifully enchanting style Ponung (performed in Solung festival) to the exhilarating, exuberant thumps of Delong performed by Men in Etor festival. These dances have led to certain forms of dancing which jointly narrate a story, the Tapu (War Dance). In the Tapu War Dance, the dancers vigorously re-enact the actions of war, its gory details and the triumphant cries of the warriors. Yakjong is performed in Aran festival. The Adi celebrate a number of festivals, in particular their prime festivals are Aran, Solung, Etor.Solung, is observed in the first week of September for five days or more. It is a harvest festival performed after the sowing of seeds and transplantation, to seek for future bumper crops. Ponung songs and dances are performed by women folk during the festival Sema/Sumi Nagas Nagaland 1.The ‘Sumi Naga’ is one of the major Naga peoples in Nagaland, India. The Sumis mainly inhabit the Zunheboto district, although many have spread and is now living in a few more districts within Nagaland.
2.Sumi Naga tribe practiced kiti-do and were a headhunter as every other Naga tribals .Tuluni (July 8) is a festival of great significance for the Sumi. This festival is marked with feasts as the occasion occurs in the bountiful season of the year. Drinking rice beer indispensably forms as part of the feasts. Rice beer is served in a goblet made of bamboo or made from the leaf of plantain. This drink is called Tuluni which gives the festival its name. Konyak tribe Nagaland The Konyak are a Naga people, and are recognised among other Naga by their tattoos, which they have all over their face and hands; facial tattoos were earned for taking an enemy’s head. They are called the land of Angh’s. They have the largest population among the Nagas. Aoleang is the biggest festival for the Konyak. They wear their traditional attire and sing folk song to celebrate the Aoleang festival. Reang Tripura 1.The Reangs are basically a semi-nomadic tribe who practice jhum (slash and burn) or shifting method of cultivation on the hill sides.
2. The Reang basically belonged to the Mongoloid group and speaks the Tibeto-Burmese language ‘Kau BruThe Hodaigri dance amongst the Reang (Bru) was usually performed on the occasion of Maikhlungmo rituals i.e. worship of Goddess of food grains and cotton especially during the month of September-October Mishing Assam 1.The Mishing tribe is the second largest tribe among the other tribes of North- East India.
2.Traditionally Mishing people live near the bank of river and they build their “Chang Ghar” with the help of timber bamboo, thatch, etc for comfort living.Mishing people are easy going, very simple living and are fond of festivals. The main festival is “Ali-Aye-Ligang” which is the most colourful spring festival held every year on first Wednesday of the month “Gimur polo”(Feb-March). Karbi Assam 1.The Karbis believes in animism which consists of such a belief in the role of spiritual beings in human life.
2. Various types of dances are performed by the youths during the performances of Chomangkan, the death ceremony and other socio-religious festivals. The Karbis have very limited number of musical instruments. A big drum called Cheng is their main musical instrument.A number of festivals are observed by the people belonging to Karbi tribal group. Like for instance, they celebrate ‘Chojun Puja’ or ‘Swarak Puja’, ‘Rongker’, ‘Chokk-eroi’, ‘Hacha-Kekan’, ‘Chomangkan’. Mikir Assam Kols Madhya Pradesh Most of these tribes are landless labourer. They prefer to live in groups near villages called Kolhan Bonda Odhisa The Bonda are an ancient tribe of people who live in the isolated hill regions of the Malkangiri district of southwestern Odisha, India, Oarons Odhisa,Bihar and Jharkhand 1.Oraon also called Kurukh, aboriginal people of the Chota Nagpur region in the state of Jharkhand, India. They call themselves Kurukh and speak a Dravidian language akin to Gondi and other tribal languages of central India.
2.Speakers of Oraon number about 1,900,000, but in urban areas, and particularly among Christians, many Oraon speak Hindi as their mother tongue.
3.It was long thought that the Oraons and the other tribals were animists, people who attribute a living soul to plants, inanimate objects and natural phenomena. This view has been discarded although amateur anthropologists still sort it out in articles, in popular magazines. The Oraons are not nature worshipers.Murias Chattisgarh 1.The Muria are an adivasi (scheduled tribe) of the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh, India. They are part of the Gondi people.
2.They have mixed-sex dormitories where adolescents are sent to practice premarital sex, sometimes with a single partner and sometimes serially.
3.The Muria are traditionally animists, with village and clan deitiesKorba Chattisgarh Famous for there Karma dance Sahariya Rajasthan 1.Sahariya Tribe is the only primitive tribe of the Rajasthan state
2.They follow Hindu religious practices and speak a dialect influenced by Hadoti.Irulas Tamil Nadu 1. They inhabit the area of the Nilgiri mountains, in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, India
2.Early 20th century anthropological literature classified the Irular under the Negrito ethnic group.
3.Unlike the Negrito tribes in the Andaman Islands who have retained their language, Irular speak the Irula language, a Dravidian language that is closely related to Tamil, Yerukala, Sholaga and other Tamil languagesBadagas Tamil Nadu 1.The Badagas live in the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu, India. They speak the unwritten Badaga language and are the one of the social groups in Nilgiris
2.Thundu (a white piece of cloth) forms an integral part of the attire of Badaga women and as a cultural item, is presented to visiting dignitaries as a gesture of good will.Their important festival is Hethai Habba. Uralis Kerela 1.The Urali tribes like most of the tribes in south India, worship nature as Gods and inventor of the world. They consider the Sun as ‘the creator of all souls’ and moon as the mother of all creation.
2.The Uralis generally do not engage in inter-tribal marriage, instead they prefer to marry within their own tribe. It is custom amongst them to wear a sacred thread on special occasions like weddings and funerals.Jarawas Andaman & Nicobar Island 1.The Jarawa are still at the primitive stage of life on earth. They entirely depend upon forest and sea for food. Wild boar and monitor lizard are consumed. Various kinds of fruit , honey and tubers are parts of their diet too.
2.The jarawas of both sexes go complete naked. However some ornaments made with shells and palm leaves are worn by them but these are not in the sense to cover their nudity.
This tribe has lived in the southeast part of Andaman but after the British regime they shifted to the western region of the island. They have forever been hunter gatherers in the true sense however things have changed since the 1990’s specially after the building of the old trunk road.Sentinelese Andaman & Nicobar Island 1.The Sentinelese people are said to be so hostile that their home has been named the ‘hardest place to visit’ in the world.The Sentinelese and other indigenous Andamanese peoples are frequently described as negritos,
2.They inhabit the North Sentinel island, and are the only remaining tribe in the Andamans to still maintain their isolation from the rest of the world. Nobody knows exactly how they look, the population or how they live. Since 1967, the indian governments with the help of anthropologists have tried to make contact with the tribe. They tried giving gifts of food, coconuts, etc but they were always met with hostility. The tribe showers arrows and stones at whoever comes near the island.
.Onge Andaman & Nicobar Island Onges are one of the most primitive tribes in India. They belong to the Negrito racial stock and they have been mainly seen near the Dugong creek in Little Andaman. They are dependent on the food provided by nature and are a semi-nomadic tribe.
The onge population fell post british colonization from 672 in 1986 to 92 in 1901 but has remained stable since.Shompen Andaman & Nicobar Island The Shompens, who live in the Great Nicobar island, are a semi-nomadic people. They wander in their forest and coastal habitat in search of fruits and games. There are two territorial groups among the Shompens; The habitation of Shompens is the Great Nicobar which is the largest among the Nicobar group of Islands. Like the Nicobarese, they belong to the Mongoloid race. Pangwal Himachal Pradesh. 1.These rugged people, who are Hindus, have their unique customs, traditions, and institutions. The native Pangwals and Bhotis are robust, hardworking, handsome people who keep the valley’s unique culture alive in folk songs, music and tribal dances. Music, dance and the locally brewed liquor ‘patar’, play a significant role in the life of the Pangwals. One of the major festivals celebrated towards the end of February is ‘Jukaru’ Sherdukpen Aruanchal Pradesh 1.The Sherdukpen language is part of the Kanauri branch of the Tibeto-Burman family.
2.Bardo Chham is a folk dance of Sherdukpens, a small community of West Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh, Bardo Chham is based on the stories of good and evil. According to the local beliefs, there are both good and evil in mankind. The Sherdukpens mask themselves representing the different animals and dance to show an act of fighting the evil forces.Wattal tribe Jammu & Kashmir Dumhal dance is performed by Wattal tribe on special occassions Bhutias Sikkim 1.The Bhutia are a community of people of Tibetan ancestry, who speak Lhopo or Sikkimese, a Tibetan dialect fairly mutually intelligible to standard Tibetan
2. Singhi Chham or Kanchendzonga Dance is a dance form in Sikkim whereby the dancers perform in a lion costume that represents the snow lion. It is a dance of the Bhutia peopleTodas Tamil Nadu Tribals of Nilgiri hills
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Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form
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ESCAPE THE SNOOZE MODE IN YOUR UPSC-CSE PREPARATION
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.(Also provided at the bottom of the article)
We talked to 8000+ aspirants in the last one year and their answers will surprise you.
Inconsistency in UPSC preparation is like getting up at 5 am. A night before you set up your alarm. The motivation to get up is high at this point. But in the morning, when the alarm rings, we swipe it to the right with a thought “IN 5 MINUTES…FOR SURE!!”. This snooze cycle usually continues for some time till we realize it is 8 am. Already a bad start to the day! To add to it, you will spend the whole day repenting upon not being able to get up early, instead of focusing upon the time we have. The same goes for UPSC preparation. You set your targets but one slight glitch and your whole preparation go off track. Till the time you yourself realize this mismanagement, it is a bit too late. Anxiety builds up, performance levels fall. You are not able to achieve even 10% OF YOUR TRUE POTENTIAL on the D-day.
WE ASKED 8000+ STUDENTS ONE SIMPLE QUESTION –
“WHAT IS THE BIGGEST OBSTACLE THAT YOU ARE FACING IN YOUR UPSC PREPARATION?”
YOU WILL BE ASTOUNDED THAT ONE ANSWER WAS COMMON IN REPLIES – INCONSISTENCY.
They are Consistently Inconsistent. Meaning, they go through these highs and lows in their preparation. They are able to study for days, week but they hit a sudden gap in preparation. Then, they find it very hard to come back. The good news is that we have the solution.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
Our philosophy behind MENTORSHIP is to get you out of this Snooze cycle. This ensures that you are the BEST VERSION of yourself in this journey. If you are under the impression that mentorship is weekly calls you attend, then you are mistaken, my friend. Trust us, your mentor will be your ‘FRIEND, PHILOSOPHER AND GUIDE’.
How Mentorship can fight inconsistency in preparation?
TO EACH THEIR OWN – Every aspirant is different. Their strengths and weaknesses are different. Their time availability is also different. Identifying this is important so you don’t end up making unrealistic targets and lose momentum. Your mentor will make sure you start slow but remain consistent to build your confidence. Making your schedule structured based on our experience of working with 2500+ students is our first priority.
TRACK YOUR PROGRESS – When you see yourself grow, it becomes easier to motivate yourself to push boundaries. Tracking your progress can happen in many ways like mentorship calls or chat sessions or by regular tests. The idea is to ensure that you don’t go off track in your preparation, and even if you do, we have your back.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
EVOLUTION – A constant guidance is important to bring consistency to your UPSC preparation. Guidance is not about clearing your doubts or asking you to study when you don’t. It is also about the evolution of your preparation. This is where you and your mentor work as a team. A constant effort to PLAN AND BUILD UP YOUR ABILITY to learn in a faster and more efficient way.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
TALK IT OUT – The biggest hurdle in achieving your highest level of consistency is the emotional part. Every now and then, you. surround yourself with negative thoughts, you feel scared and depressed. Instead of resolving these emotional issues, you avoid them as it seems like a waste of your precious time. You have to understand that ignoring emotional troubles does not solve them. What your doing is building an emotional time bomb that may burst a week before your mains or prelims! This is where your MENTOR AS A FRIEND comes in. All our mentors have been through this journey. We understand your fears and anxieties. So, TALK IT OUT.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
Don’t let inconsistency keep you away from your dreams.
Fill up the SAMANVAYA form given below. Let us know your problems and we will find a solution to it, just like our students say ” TOGETHER WE CAN AND WE WILL”.
Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form
-
ESCAPE THE SNOOZE MODE IN YOUR UPSC-CSE PREPARATION
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.(Also provided at the bottom of the article)
We talked to 8000+ aspirants in the last one year and their answers will surprise you.
Inconsistency in UPSC preparation is like getting up at 5 am. A night before you set up your alarm. The motivation to get up is high at this point. But in the morning, when the alarm rings, we swipe it to the right with a thought “IN 5 MINUTES…FOR SURE!!”. This snooze cycle usually continues for some time till we realize it is 8 am. Already a bad start to the day! To add to it, you will spend the whole day repenting upon not being able to get up early, instead of focusing upon the time we have. The same goes for UPSC preparation. You set your targets but one slight glitch and your whole preparation go off track. Till the time you yourself realize this mismanagement, it is a bit too late. Anxiety builds up, performance levels fall. You are not able to achieve even 10% OF YOUR TRUE POTENTIAL on the D-day.
WE ASKED 8000+ STUDENTS ONE SIMPLE QUESTION –
“WHAT IS THE BIGGEST OBSTACLE THAT YOU ARE FACING IN YOUR UPSC PREPARATION?”
YOU WILL BE ASTOUNDED THAT ONE ANSWER WAS COMMON IN REPLIES – INCONSISTENCY.
They are Consistently Inconsistent. Meaning, they go through these highs and lows in their preparation. They are able to study for days, week but they hit a sudden gap in preparation. Then, they find it very hard to come back. The good news is that we have the solution.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
Our philosophy behind MENTORSHIP is to get you out of this Snooze cycle. This ensures that you are the BEST VERSION of yourself in this journey. If you are under the impression that mentorship is weekly calls you attend, then you are mistaken, my friend. Trust us, your mentor will be your ‘FRIEND, PHILOSOPHER AND GUIDE’.
How Mentorship can fight inconsistency in preparation?
TO EACH THEIR OWN – Every aspirant is different. Their strengths and weaknesses are different. Their time availability is also different. Identifying this is important so you don’t end up making unrealistic targets and lose momentum. Your mentor will make sure you start slow but remain consistent to build your confidence. Making your schedule structured based on our experience of working with 2500+ students is our first priority.
TRACK YOUR PROGRESS – When you see yourself grow, it becomes easier to motivate yourself to push boundaries. Tracking your progress can happen in many ways like mentorship calls or chat sessions or by regular tests. The idea is to ensure that you don’t go off track in your preparation, and even if you do, we have your back.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
EVOLUTION – A constant guidance is important to bring consistency to your UPSC preparation. Guidance is not about clearing your doubts or asking you to study when you don’t. It is also about the evolution of your preparation. This is where you and your mentor work as a team. A constant effort to PLAN AND BUILD UP YOUR ABILITY to learn in a faster and more efficient way.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
TALK IT OUT – The biggest hurdle in achieving your highest level of consistency is the emotional part. Every now and then, you. surround yourself with negative thoughts, you feel scared and depressed. Instead of resolving these emotional issues, you avoid them as it seems like a waste of your precious time. You have to understand that ignoring emotional troubles does not solve them. What your doing is building an emotional time bomb that may burst a week before your mains or prelims! This is where your MENTOR AS A FRIEND comes in. All our mentors have been through this journey. We understand your fears and anxieties. So, TALK IT OUT.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
Don’t let inconsistency keep you away from your dreams.
Fill up the SAMANVAYA form given below. Let us know your problems and we will find a solution to it, just like our students say ” TOGETHER WE CAN AND WE WILL”.
Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form
-
Schemes, Project, and Policies Regarding Science and Tech
5th May 2021
1. SATHI
The Department of Science & Technology has launched a unique scheme called “Sophisticated Analytical & Technical Help Institutes(SATHI)”.
Objectives of the Scheme
- SATHI will address the problems of accessibility, maintenance, redundancy and duplication of expensive equipment in the institutions.
- This will also foster a strong culture of collaboration between institutions and across disciplines to take advantage of developments, innovations and expertise in diverse areas.
2. National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA)
The Finance Minister in budget 2020 has announced a National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA).
About NM-QTA
- The mission will function under the Department of Science & Technology (DST).
- It will be able to address the ever-increasing technological requirements of society and take into account the international technology trends.
- The mission will help prepare next-generation skilled manpower, boost translational research and also encourage entrepreneurship and start-up ecosystem development.
3. Project MANAV: Human Atlas Initiative
- For the first time, Indian scientists will be mapping every single tissue of the human body to have a deeper understanding of the roles of tissues and cells linked to various diseases.
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT) launched MANAV: Human Atlas Initiative towards improving knowledge on human physiology.
- It is a project funded by DBT, which aims at creating a database network of all tissues in the human body from the available scientific literature.
- It is a project that involves scientific skill development for annotation, science outreach along with handling big data.
- It will involve gaining better biological insights through physiological and molecular mapping, develop disease models through predictive computing and have a holistic analysis and finally drug discovery.
- The student community, who will be the backbone on assimilating the information, will be trained and imparted with skills to perform annotation and curation of information that will ultimately form the online network.
- DBT has invested funds shared between two institutions in Pune – National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS) and Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), Pune.
- Besides, Persistent Systems Limited has co-funded the project and is developing the platform.
4. Project Cosmic Microwave Background-Bharat
- CMB stands for Cosmic Microwave Background, and the scientific space project CMB-Bharat has been presented as a proposal to ISRO and is under consideration.
- In the workshop, project CMB-Bharat, which could help us listen to the faintest murmurs of the early universe, was discussed.
- CMB-Bharat is a proposal for comprehensive next-generation Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) mission in international collaboration with major Indian contribution.
- This referred to quantum gravitational waves, which are different from what LIGO detectors had observed that were classical in nature.
5. Phyto-Pharma Plant Mission
Objectives
- Rs 50 crore Mission aimed at conservation and cultivation of endangered and threatened endemic medicinal plants, and discovery of new botanical drugs for unmet medical needs using the rich traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and biodiversity of these states and at the same time also improve the availability of authentic and quality botanical raw material on a sustainable basis for a boom in the phyto-pharmaceutical industry
- Nodal Ministry –Ministry of Science & Technology
6. Brahmaputra Biodiversity and Biology Boat
Objectives
- B4 will establish a large barge on the river with a well-equipped laboratory for analysis of all components of the entire ecosystem of the river and surroundings. The B4 will link to all the local research institutions along the river, as well as national and international laboratories
- Nodal Ministry –Ministry of Science & Technology
7. INSPIRE (INNOVATION IN SCIENCE PURSUIT FOR INSPIRED RESEARCH)
Objectives
- To attract talent to Science.
- To communicate to the youth of the country the excitements of creative pursuit of science, attract talent to the study of science at an early age and thus build the required critical human resource pool for strengthening and expanding the Science & Technology system and R&D base.
- It does not believe in conducting competitive exams for the identification of talent at any level.
- It believes in and relies on the efficacy of the existing educational structure for the identification of talent.
- INSPIRE has three components:
- i. Scheme for Early Attraction of Talent (SEATS)
- ii. Scholarship for Higher Education (SHE)
- iii. Assured Opportunity for Research Careers (AORC)
- The Inspire Awards have been renamed as MANAK
8. JIGYASA –
Objectives
- Student-Scientist Connect Programme
- Connecting school students and scientists so as to extend student’s classroom learning with that of a very well planned research laboratory-based learning.
- CSIR + Kendriya Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS).
9. VAJRA
Objectives –
- The Government of India recently launched VAJRA (Visiting Advanced Joint Research) Faculty scheme by the Department of Science and Technology which enables NRIs and overseas scientific community to participate and contribute to research and development in India. The Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), a statutory body of the Department will implement the Scheme.
- International Faculty / scientists/technologists including Non-resident Indians (NRI) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) / Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) are offered adjunct / visiting faculty positions in Indian Institutions / Universities for a period of 1-3 months under this scheme. The faculty can also undertake the role of teaching /mentoring apart from R&D.
- Public funded institutions and national laboratories are allowed to host the VAJRA faculty.
- Nodal Ministry –Ministry of Science & Technology
10. National Initiative for Developing & Harnessing Innovation (NIDHI)
Objectives
A programme to address the complete chain of innovation ecosystem right from scouting to mentoring to scaling up innovations. launched by DST. Establishment of a research park at IIT Gandhinagar has been supported at a cost of Rs.90 cr.
11.Surya Jyoti
Objectives
- In order to capture daylight and concentrate the same inside a dark room, particularly in the urban slum or rural areas which lack electricity supply, a low cost and energy-efficient Micro Solar Dome (Surya Jyoti) has been tested and developed. -Potential users of this device are10 million households.
- According to preliminary estimates, if this technology is adopted in 10 million households only, it has the potential of saving 1750 million units of energy.
- It would also lead to an emission reduction of about 12.5 million ton of CO2 equivalent, hence giving a fillip to the mission of ‘Clean India, Green India’.
- The manufacturing process, being labour-intensive, would also generate huge job opportunities in the economy.
- Nodal Ministry – Department of Science & Technology.
12. Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan
- Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan is running successfully to motivate children to learn Science, Maths and Technology through observation and experimentation.
- It was launched on 9th July 2015 by Late Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, Former President of India.
- Nodal Ministry-HRD Ministry.
13. Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIIT) Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2020
About the Bill:
- Amend the principal act: Introduction of the Indian Institutes of Information Technology Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2020 will amend the Indian Institutes of Information Technology Act of 2014 and Indian Institutes of Information Technology (Public-Private Partnership) Act, 2017.
- The principal acts of 2014 and 2017 are the unique initiatives of the Government of India to impart knowledge in the field of Information Technology to provide solutions to the challenges faced by the country.
- It will grant statutory status to five Indian Institutes of Information Technology in Public-Private Partnership mode at Surat, Bhopal, Bhagalpur, Agartala and Raichur.
- The new bill will declare them as Institutions of National Importance along with already existing 15 Indian Institutes of Information Technology under the Indian Institutes of Information Technology (Public-Private Partnership) Act, 2017
14. Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine (WISTEMM) program
- TheIndo-U.S. Fellowship for WISTEMM is providinginternational exposureto severalwomen scientists of India
- It is a fellowship for Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine.
- It is a program of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) in association with Indo-U.S. Science & Technology Forum (IUSSTF).
- It aims to provide opportunities to Indian Women Scientists, Engineers & Technologists to undertake international collaborative research in premier institutions in the U.S.A , to enhance their research capacities and capabilities
- The fellowship is for bright Indian women Citizen within the age bracket of 21 to 45 years.
The programme is run for two categories of women scientists:
- Women Overseas Student Internship (Module I) for women students pursuing PhD.
- Women Overseas Fellowship (Module II) for women with a PhD degree and holding a regular position
at any recognized institution/laboratory in India.
Samanvaya: Free 1-to-1 mentorship for UPSC IAS
Fill up this form to schedule a free on-call discussion with senior mentor from Civilsdaily. Once submitted we will call you within 24 hours.
Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form
-
ESCAPE THE SNOOZE MODE IN YOUR UPSC-CSE PREPARATION
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.(Also provided at the bottom of the article)
We talked to 8000+ aspirants in the last one year and their answers will surprise you.
Inconsistency in UPSC preparation is like getting up at 5 am. A night before you set up your alarm. The motivation to get up is high at this point. But in the morning, when the alarm rings, we swipe it to the right with a thought “IN 5 MINUTES…FOR SURE!!”. This snooze cycle usually continues for some time till we realize it is 8 am. Already a bad start to the day! To add to it, you will spend the whole day repenting upon not being able to get up early, instead of focusing upon the time we have. The same goes for UPSC preparation. You set your targets but one slight glitch and your whole preparation go off track. Till the time you yourself realize this mismanagement, it is a bit too late. Anxiety builds up, performance levels fall. You are not able to achieve even 10% OF YOUR TRUE POTENTIAL on the D-day.
WE ASKED 8000+ STUDENTS ONE SIMPLE QUESTION –
“WHAT IS THE BIGGEST OBSTACLE THAT YOU ARE FACING IN YOUR UPSC PREPARATION?”
YOU WILL BE ASTOUNDED THAT ONE ANSWER WAS COMMON IN REPLIES – INCONSISTENCY.
They are Consistently Inconsistent. Meaning, they go through these highs and lows in their preparation. They are able to study for days, week but they hit a sudden gap in preparation. Then, they find it very hard to come back. The good news is that we have the solution.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
Our philosophy behind MENTORSHIP is to get you out of this Snooze cycle. This ensures that you are the BEST VERSION of yourself in this journey. If you are under the impression that mentorship is weekly calls you attend, then you are mistaken, my friend. Trust us, your mentor will be your ‘FRIEND, PHILOSOPHER AND GUIDE’.
How Mentorship can fight inconsistency in preparation?
TO EACH THEIR OWN – Every aspirant is different. Their strengths and weaknesses are different. Their time availability is also different. Identifying this is important so you don’t end up making unrealistic targets and lose momentum. Your mentor will make sure you start slow but remain consistent to build your confidence. Making your schedule structured based on our experience of working with 2500+ students is our first priority.
TRACK YOUR PROGRESS – When you see yourself grow, it becomes easier to motivate yourself to push boundaries. Tracking your progress can happen in many ways like mentorship calls or chat sessions or by regular tests. The idea is to ensure that you don’t go off track in your preparation, and even if you do, we have your back.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
EVOLUTION – A constant guidance is important to bring consistency to your UPSC preparation. Guidance is not about clearing your doubts or asking you to study when you don’t. It is also about the evolution of your preparation. This is where you and your mentor work as a team. A constant effort to PLAN AND BUILD UP YOUR ABILITY to learn in a faster and more efficient way.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
TALK IT OUT – The biggest hurdle in achieving your highest level of consistency is the emotional part. Every now and then, you. surround yourself with negative thoughts, you feel scared and depressed. Instead of resolving these emotional issues, you avoid them as it seems like a waste of your precious time. You have to understand that ignoring emotional troubles does not solve them. What your doing is building an emotional time bomb that may burst a week before your mains or prelims! This is where your MENTOR AS A FRIEND comes in. All our mentors have been through this journey. We understand your fears and anxieties. So, TALK IT OUT.
Click here to fill the Samanvaya form for 1-1 mentorship. We will call you within 24 hours.
Don’t let inconsistency keep you away from your dreams.
Fill up the SAMANVAYA form given below. Let us know your problems and we will find a solution to it, just like our students say ” TOGETHER WE CAN AND WE WILL”.
Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form
-
Important Straits
4th May 2021
Important straits in the news.
A strait is a naturally formed, narrow, typically navigable waterway that connects two larger bodies of water. Most commonly it is a channel of water that lies between two landmasses. Some straits are not navigable, for example, because they are too shallow, or because of an unnavigable reef or archipelago.
Strait of Hormuz
- It links the Persian Gulf (west) with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea (southeast).
- On the north coast lies Iran, and on the south coast the United Arab Emirates and Musandam, an exclave of Oman.
- The strait is 35 to 60 miles (55 to 95 km) wide and separates Iran from the Arabian Peninsula.
- It contains the islands of Qeshm (Qishm), Hormuz, and Hengām (Henjām) and is of great strategic and economic importance, especially as oil tankers collecting from various ports on the Persian Gulf must pass through the strait.
- OPEC members Saudi Arabia, Iran, the UAE, Kuwait and Iraq export most of their crude via the Strait
- Qatar, the world’s biggest liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter, sends almost all of its LNG through the Strait
- The UAE and Saudi Arabia have sought to find other routes to bypass the Strait, including building pipelines.
2. Strait of Malacca
- Strait of Malacca connects the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean).
- Stretching about 800km, it is the longest straits in the world and facilitates not just shipping and the movement of people in the surrounding communities but is a confluence of trade, cultures, ideas, and knowledge between the East and West.
- It runs between the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the west and peninsular (West) Malaysia and extreme southern Thailand to the east and has an area of about 25,000 square miles (65,000 square km).
- The strait derived its name from the trading port of Melaka (formerly Malacca)—which was of importance in the 16th and 17th centuries—on the Malay coast.
- As the link between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, the Strait of Malacca is the shortest sea route between India and China and hence is one of the most heavily travelled shipping channels in the world.
- Singapore, one of the world’s most important ports, is situated at the strait’s southern end.
- The global shift in economic power from the West to the East coupled with burgeoning trade, investments, and production in areas spanning the Indian and Pacific Ocean regions has given increasing importance to this region.
3. Bab-el-Mandab
- The Bab al-Mandab strait is the narrow waterway that separates the Arabian Peninsula from the Horn of Africa.
- It links the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean.
- At its narrowest point, the strait is only 29 km wide between Yemen on one side and Djibouti and Eritrea on the other.
- It is a key strategic channel for commerce and trade, with an estimated 4 percent of global oil supply passing through it.
4. Palk Strait
- It connects the Bay of Bengal in the northeast with Palk Bay in the southwest.
- The strait is 40 to 85 miles (64 to 137 km) wide, 85 miles long, and less than 330 feet (100 metres) deep.
- It receives several rivers, including the Vaigai (India), and it contains many islands on the Sri Lankan side.
- The Sethusamudram Ship Canal Project (SSCP) is a 167 km long shipping canal, and envisages the creation of a navigable canal from the Gulf of. Mannar to the Bay of Bengal to facilitate the movement of ships.
- The Adam’s Bridge is a series of sand shoals created by sedimentation over a period of time.
- All islands are made up of a calcareous framework of dead reef and sand.
- In India, the Gulf of Mannar region in Tamil Nadu is one of the four major coral reef areas and the others are Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat, Lakhsadweep and Andaman and Nicobar islands.
- With its rich biodiversity of over 4,000 species of various flora and fauna, part of this Gulf of Mannar between Rameswaram and Tuticoirin covering 21 islands and the surrounding shallow coastal waters was declared as a Marine National Park in 1986.
5.Sunda Strait
- It links the Java Sea (Pacific Ocean) with the Indian Ocean (south).
- Sunda Strait, Indonesian Selat Sunda, is a channel, 16–70 miles (26–110 km) wide, between the islands of Java (east) and Sumatra.
- The Sunda Strait is an important passage connecting the Indian Ocean with eastern Asia.
- The strait stretches in a roughly northeast/southwest orientation, with a minimum width of 24 km (15 mi) at its northeastern end between Cape Tua on Sumatra and Cape Pujat on Java.
- It is very deep at its western end, but as it narrows to the east it becomes much shallower, with a depth of only 20 m (65 feet) in parts of the eastern end.
- It is notoriously difficult to navigate because of this shallowness, very strong tidal currents, sandbanks, and man-made obstructions such as oil platforms off the Java coast.
- The strait’s narrowness, shallowness, and lack of accurate charting make it unsuitable for many modern, large ships, most of which use the Strait of Malacca instead.
6.Mozambique Channel
- It is located between the island nation of Madagascar on the east and Mozambique on the African mainland (west).
- About 1,000 miles (1,600 km) long, it varies in width from 250 to 600 miles (400 to 950 km) and reaches a maximum depth of 10,000 feet (3,000 m).
- The Comoro Archipelago marks the northern entrance, and the islands of Bassas da India and Europa lie in the south.
- An important route for shipping in eastern Africa, it receives all major Madagascar rivers and has the ports of Mahajanga (Majunga) and Toliary (Tuléar) on the same coast.
- Along the opposite coast are the mouth of the Zambezi River and the ports of Maputo (formerly Lourenço Marques), Moçambique, and Beira.
- The Mozambique Current passes through the strait.
7.Gibraltar Strait
- It is a channel connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean, lying between southernmost Spain and northwesternmost Africa.
- It is 36 miles (58 km) long and narrows to 8 miles (13 km) in width between Point Marroquí (Spain) and Point Cires (Morocco).
- It is one of the most significant global sea lanes because it provides a means of seaborne transit for shipping between the Atlantic and Mediterranean, and via the Suez Canal into the Indian Ocean and beyond.
- After the English Channel, the Strait is the world’s busiest shipping lane.
8. Bosphorus strait and Dardanelles strait
- Bosphorus,also known as the Strait of Istanbul, is a narrow, natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in northwestern Turkey.
- The Bosporus connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, and, by extension via the Dardanelles, the Aegean and Mediterranean seas.
- It is the world’s narrowest strait used for international navigation.
- Dardanelles is a narrow, natural strait and internationally significant waterway in northwestern Turkey that forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia, and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey.
- The Dardanelles connects the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, while also allowing passage to the Black Sea by extension via the Bosphorus.
- The Dardanelles is 61 kilometres (38 mi) long, and 1.2 to 6 kilometres (0.75 to 3.73 mi) wide, averaging 55 metres (180 ft) deep with a maximum depth of 103 metres (338 ft) at its narrowest point abreast the city of Çanakkale
9. Yucatan Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies : Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea
Location: Mexico-Cuba
10. Mesina Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies : Mediterranean Sea
Location: Italy-Sicily
11. Otranto Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies :Adriatic Sea & Ionian Sea
Location: Italy-Albania
12. Cook Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies :South Pacific Ocean
Location: New Zealand (North & South Islands)
13. North Channel
Joining seas/ Water Bodies :Irish Sea & Atlantic Ocean
Location: Ireland-England
14. Hudson strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies : Gulf of Hudson & Atlantic Ocean
Location: Canada
15. Magellan strait
Join: Pacific and South Atlantic Ocean
Location: Chile
16. Makassar Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies: the Java Sea & Celebes Sea
Location: Indonesia
17. Tsugaru Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies: Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean
Location: Japan (Hokkaido-Honshu Island)
18. Tatar Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies: Japan Sea & Okhotsk Sea
Location: Russia (East Russia-Sakhalin Islands)
19. Fovex Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies: South Pacific Ocean
Location: New Zealand (South Island- Stewart Island)
20. Formosa Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies: the South China Sea & East China Sea
Location: China-Taiwan
21. Taurus Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies:Arafura Sea & Gulf of Papua
Location: Papua New Guinea — Australia
22. Bass Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies: the Tasman Sea & South Sea
Location: Australia
23. Bering Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies: the Bering Sea & Chukchi Sea
Location: Alaska-Russia
24. Bonne-Fasio Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies: Mediterranean Sea
Location: Corsica — Sardinia
25. Davis Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies : the Baffin Bay & Atlantic Ocean
Location: Greenland-Canada
26. Denmark Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies: North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean
Location: Greenland-Iceland
27. Dover strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies: The English Channel & North Sea
Location: England-France
28. Florida Strait
Joining seas/ Water Bodies: Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean
Location: USA-Cuba
Samanvaya: Free 1-to-1 mentorship for UPSC IAS
Fill up this form to schedule a free on-call discussion with senior mentor from Civilsdaily. Once submitted we will call you within 24 hours.
Civilsdaily Samanvaya 1-On-1 Mentorship Form