The PM recently hosted a virtual event, “Voice of the Global South Summit”. 125 countries participated in the virtual summit.
Respond, Recognise, Respect & Reform to re-energise the world…That was the four-point mantra PM emphasised at the event.
The first use of this Global South in a contemporary political sense was in 1969 by Carl Oglesby, writing in Catholic journal Commonwealth in a special issue on the Vietnam War.
What is Global South?
‘Global North’ refers loosely to countries like the US, Canada, Europe, Russia, Australia and New Zealand, while ‘Global South’ includes countries in Asia, Africa and South America.
The term has been used multiple times, such as when EAM Jaishankar said of ongoing global conflicts, “polarisation may occur elsewhere, the people who suffer most are the Global South”.
Features of Global South
Lower-incomecountries: The Global South is a term often used to identify lower-income countries on one side of the so-called global North–South divide, the other side being the countries of the Global North.
Beyond geographical south: As such the term does not inherently refer to a geographical south; for example, most of the Global South is actually within the Northern Hemisphere.
Third World radicalism: The term, as used by governmental and development organizations, was first introduced as a more open and value free alternative to “Third World” and similar potentially “valuing” terms like developing countries.
Newly industrialized: Countries of the Global South have been described as newly industrialized or in the process of industrializing and frequently have a history of colonialism by Northern, often European, states.
Major countries: The countries of Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and Mexico have the largest populations and economies among Southern states. The overwhelming majority of these are located near the tropics.
Need for such classification
Economic term: The concepts of ‘East’ and ‘West’ is one example of this, with the Western countries generally signifying greater levels of economic development and prosperity among their people, and Eastern countries considered as being in the process of that transition.
Geopolitical alignment: Another similar categorisation is of First World, Second World and Third World countries, referring to countries associated with the Cold war-era alliances of the US, the USSR, and non-aligned countries, respectively.
Broader classification: The East/West binary was seen as often perpetuating stereotypical thinking about African and Asian countries. Categorising incredibly diverse countries into a monolith was felt to be too simplistic.
Shared history: Major commonality between the South countries is that most have a history of colonisation, largely at the hands of European powers. Now they are arguably more accurate in grouping countries together, measuring similarly in terms of wealth, indicators of education and healthcare, etc.
Common requirements: The concept is being reiterated now because of the economic emergence of some of these South countries, such as India and China, in the last few decades. Many consider the world to now be multipolar rather than one where the US alone dominates international affairs.
Indian context to the Global South
Collective representation: As India assumed the presidency of the G20 group of countries for 2022 to 2023, EAM S Jaishankar said that India would be the “voice of the Global South that is otherwise under-represented in such forums”.
Reform in multilateral institutions: When leaders such as Jaishankar mention it, they are also pointing to the region’s historical exclusion from prominent international organisations – such as from the permanent membership of the UNSC, the UN and the IMF.
How has this term materialized with Ukrainian War?
Ans. South-South’ Cooperation
Interestingly, when Jaishankar criticised the expectation from India to take a stance on the Ukraine war and rebuke Russia, China’s heaped praises.
This is where the idea of ‘South-South’ cooperation comes in.
What is South-South Cooperation?
Economically emergent countries: Why the concept is being reiterated now is partly because of the economic emergence of some of these South countries, such as India and China, in the last few decades.
Shift in geopolitical poles: Many consider the world to now be multipolar rather than one where the US alone dominates international affairs.
Challenging the US led global order: The progress achieved by many Asian countries is also seen as challenging the idea that the North is the ideal.
Criticism of the classification
Vague classification: Some of the earlier terms’ criticisms apply here, too, such as the argument that the term is too broad. There is also the question of whether the South simply aims to replace the North and the positions it occupies, again continuing a cycle in which a few countries accumulate crucial resources.
Triggered by crony-capitalism: Much controversy currently surrounds the question of whether elites of the global South and ‘rising powers’ genuinely have the intention to challenge the dominant structures of global capitalist development.
Beneficial only to India and China: In the rise of Asia, the continued neglect of Africa has been questioned as well.
Significance of the Global South
Podium for India: India, with its enormous population and enormous economic capabilities, is working to unite the nations of the Global South into a powerful front so that an action-oriented approach can be adopted for the countries of the global south.
Untapped potential: There is enormous untapped potential in the growing economies of the Global South. The countries will witness significant progress if they cooperate in areas like technical exchanges, ideas exchanges, exchanging best practices in manufacturing, and other areas.
Common concerns: India is committed to utilise the G20 presidency to give resonance to the voice of the global south and to highlight the common concerns of energy security, energy justice, sustainable energy transition so that all developing countries can gain reliable and clean energy.
Challenges for consolidation
Row over climate reparations: In the ongoing debate about North countries paying for funding green energy, having historically contributed to higher carbon emissions, many in the Global North have objected to China and India’s exclusion from this, given their increasing industrialization.
Russia-Ukraine War: This ongoing war severely affected the least developed countries (LDCs) aggravating the concerns related to food, energy and finance, thereby, threatening the development prospects of LDCs.
China’s unprecedented rise: This prompted them to get more allied towards China. China is increasingly making inroads in the Global South through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for developing infrastructure.
US domination: The world is now considered to be multipolar by many but still, it is the US alone who dominates international affairs. Even today, US is still dominating the Ukrainian War.
Dependence over North: Global North-South divergences have been historically characterised by major gaps in the access to resources required for crucial developmental outcomes. Industrialisation has been always skewed in the favour of global North.
Way forward
Active engagement: Championing the Global South today would demand more active Indian engagement with the messy regional politics within the developing world.
Need for Policy vision: India must also come to terms with the fact that the Global South is not a coherent group and does not have a single shared agenda. There is much differentiation within the South today in terms of wealth and power, needs and capabilities.
Conclusion
If the Global South and India worked together, they could make significant advancements in the fight against terrorism, maritime policy, and other fields.
In its development partnerships, India’s approach has always been consultative, outcome-oriented, demand-driven, people-centric and respectful of the sovereignty of partner countries.
The Indian side has made an effort to set its development programs in the Global South apart from those of China, which can result in debt traps and financially unsound undertakings.
We are excited to announce a two-day workshop by UPSC toppers, who will be sharing their valuable insights, strategies, and experiences that led them to success in the UPSC exam.
Day 2 with AIR 109, Areeba ma; am: 18 months strategy to clear UPSC 2024 in ONE attempt
16th Jan 2023 (Monday), 4 pm
UPSC Topper AIR 109, UPSC 2021, Areeba Nomaan, CD’s Super Mentor will take a LIVE workshop where she will be sharing 18 months of strategy to clear UPSC 2024 in just one attempt.
What you should expect after Day 2 of the workshop?
UPSC Trend and pattern analysis of UPSC based on the previous 10 years’ CSE exam.
Solid approach for the next 18 months even if you have just started the preparation? Strategy for the next 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and like that, will be shared with you.
Monthly and quarterly targets.
How to cover the UPSC syllabus? Best sources
Time management – invest effectively 5 hours per day for UPSC success. How to effectively manage preparation time? Make a timetable and set targets.
Managing UPSC preparation with a serious time crunch; job – working professionals, college students, and family (especially for homemaker aspirants)
Making notes and building a foundation with NCERTs
Breaking the inertia towards answer writing, and attempting mock tests.
Do’s and Dont’s; and breaking the myths around UPSC. Eg. Aspirants from rural or non-engineering backgrounds are at a disadvantage
Enhancing retention- Revision techniques that are common, standard, and used frequently. What exactly are they?
Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory. Tactics without strategy is the noise before defeat.
Sun Tzu
Day 1 with Rajat sir, IP&TAFS, UPSC 2019
14th Jan 2023 (Saturday), 7 pm
Rajat sir will discuss and share 5 point strategy for the next 4.5 months for UPSC 2023 aspirants. He will also share Macro and Micro strategies for the upcoming months, important and probable topics as well.
What you should expect on Day 1?
Strategic time allocation for the next 4.5 months for UPSC Prelims 2023
Going selective: What’s important for UPSC Prelims 2023, ignoring the rest (What to read from UPSC Prelims syllabus)
From where to read and cover UPSC prelims syllabus? – Current Affairs and GS static
How to read? (Purpose-driven current affairs coverage) How to cover the last 1.5 yrs of UPSC current affairs?
How to ensure retention through revision? (Not just one-time activity)
How to deal with CSAT?
How to attempt test series and how to incorporate Previous Year tests/questions in your preparation?
How to balance safe (max) attempts vs accuracy?
How to do guesswork and at the same time minimize negative marking? On which type of questions you should take the risk
Day 2 with AIR 109, Areeba ma;am: 18 months strategy to clear UPSC 2024 in ONE attempt
16th Jan 2023 (Monday), 3 pm
UPSC Topper AIR 109, UPSC 2021, Areeba Nomaan, CD’s Super Mentor will take a LIVE workshop where she will be sharing 18 months strategy to clear UPSC 2024 in just one attempt.
What you should expect after Day 2 of the workshop?
UPSC Trend and pattern analysis of UPSC based on the previous 10 years’ CSE exam.
Solid approach for the next 18 months even if you have just started the preparation? Strategy for the next 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and like that, will be shared with you.
Monthly and quarterly targets.
How to cover the UPSC syllabus? Best sources
Time management – invest effectively 5 hours per day for UPSC success. How to effectively manage preparation time? Make a timetable and set targets.
Managing UPSC preparation with a serious time crunch; job – working professionals, college students, and family (especially for homemaker aspirants)
Making notes and building foundation with NCERTs
Breaking the inertia towards answer writing, and attempting mock tests.
Do’s and Dont’s; and breaking the myths around UPSC. Eg. Aspirants from rural or non-engineering backgrounds are at a disadvantage
Enhancing retention- Revision techniques that are common, standard, and used frequently. What exactly are they?
The workshop will be an opportunity for UPSC aspirants for UPSC Prelims 2023 exam and UPSC 2024 who want to clear the exam in just one attempt, to learn from the best and gain a competitive edge in their preparation for the exam.
The workshop will focus on the importance of strategy, covering a wide range of topics such as time management, effective study techniques, and methods for developing a winning strategy to clear the UPSC exam.
CivilsDaily’s FREE Webinar package
Post-webinar we will share important PDFs, timetable framework, and notes.
Other than this a strategy package will be emailed to you.
What The Hindu opined about Civilsdaily Mentorship
Register FREE for 2 Days’ UPSC Workshop by UPSC 2021 topper AIR 109, Areeba & UPSC 2019 ranker Rajat sir
12th January (Thursday) at 7 PM | Game-changing masterclass by Santosh sir | 90% of questions in UPSC prelims 2023 will come from these 50 broad themes.
Have you ever asked yourself why UPSC conducts Prelims? To know how many books you’ve read or how many revisions have you made?
None of the above.
The Prelims exam is the first stage to measure how objective you are. How aware you are of your surroundings. Apart from that how you are able to take risks.
It is strictly an aptitude test based on your knowledge and awareness.
Clearing the UPSC Prelims exam can be even tougher task to tackle for those who are stuck in some kind of blind revisions of NCERTs as well as Advanced books. It’s sometimes found that 99% of Prelims candidates remain engrossed in revising Test series, Yellow books of current affairs, and Notes just before D-day.
But is there any guarantee that the above things will definitely sail every aspirant through the first and the most deadly hurdle of UPSC, the Prelims? NOPE
So, if you’re aspiring to crack the UPSC Prelims exam 2023 in less than 5 months, the road ahead might appear intimidating but it is not impossible.
Santosh Gupta (the UPSC Prelims Guru) will share the 50 most important topics for UPSC prelims 2023 and 5 techniques that you can use to maximize your chances of clearing the exam with 95% accuracy – so never ever miss such a crucial LIVE session!
Post-webinar Civilsdaily strategy pack will be shared with you via email
Recording of the webinar can be requested by filling up the same registration form
The awesome masterclass is an opportunity to grasp the outstanding tips on the 50 Most Important Topics & 5 Techniques To Ace UPSC Prelims 2023 With 95% Accuracy
Whether it is your 1st attempt, 2nd attempt, or 3rd, this webinar will help you immensely to clear UPSC Prelims 2023 with ease.
Tavishi failed thrice in the Prelims before but after joining Santosh sir’s mentorship cleared Prelim 2022 on her 4th attempt.
Key takeaways discussed in the webinar:
50 Most Important Topics after a comprehensive trend analysis of the past 5 yrs’ UPSC Prelims GS 1 paper. So, how to change your preparation methods right now?
To beat the uncertainty, which 5 techniques are essential to attempt UPSC Prelims 2023 paper with 95% Accuracy?
How to solve unexpected questions or bouncer questions? These are questions you’ve never anticipated while preparing for the Prelims.
Strategy for the next 4.5 months and how to utilize remaining time to the fullest.
Significance of Current Affairs. Is it really declining in Prelims? How to cover current affairs?
How to cover GS static syllabus and connect it with current affairs for UPSC prelims 2023?
What is logic based questions solving in prelims? Solving MCQs even when you don’t know the exact answer.
Using Time-Tested Elimination Techniques. How to use these techniques in sample questions? only generalized preparation is not enough. You have to be ready for the worst. Besides usual ordinary questions, you have to solve more or less offbeat questions. Remember, Offbeat questions require an offbeat approach and it gets 125+ in prelims for you. So, how to apply ‘Intelligent guessing’, ‘the way of thinking, and ‘Core common sense.
How to stay alert at the 5 worst mistakes areas, like unknown extremely factual questions, Random questions such as from sports in 2021, Questions from old current affairs, Ques. that are not directly from current affairs but inspired by current affairs, and Questions based on common sense such as questions in prelims-2021 and 2022.
Learn time management in the exam hall. Most of the time, twisted questions force you to take more time to answer. So, How to filter out and attempt easy questions in the first round quickly and move on to the next with which moderate to difficult questions? will be discussed thoroughly.
How to avoid silly mistakes by using common sense to the plausibility of statements given. Usually, low-confident aspirants do not attempt these types of questions and overconfident ones make mistakes by overthinking.
What The Hindu mentioned about Civilsdaily Mentorship
Webinar masterclass on 12th Jan (Monday), 7 pm
12th January (Thursday) at 7 PM | Ultimate Guide for UPSC Prelims 2023 by Santosh Sir | 50 Most Important Topics & 5 Techniques To Ace UPSC Prelims 2023 With 95% Accuracy
12th January (Thursday) 5 to 6 PM | 20 Best Practices of Answer Writing to Score like Topper in MPSC Mains | 1-1 LIVE session by Soham Mandhare IRS officer & Vaibhav Sanas Senior Faculty, Civilsdaily Pune | Register and receive CD’s mains Notes and PDF post webinar session
Broadly speaking, two types of skills are required for creating excellent, rule-of-thumb answers in MPSC mains- execution of facts and integration of an administrator-like opinion.
And it’s true that almost 100 out of 100 toppers develop these 2 must-have skills. And these must-have skills completely depend on the 20 best practices of MPSC mains answer writing.
Besides, an aspirant should understand the bare minimum requirements needed for effective answer writing. Because these 1750 marks of the Mains exam will decide your IAS destiny.
Though MPSC has given a very detailed and crisp syllabus, it can’t resist the urge of adding surprising elements in questions every year to keep candidates on their toes and to test their mettle.
To boost your Mains score by more than 100 marks. And that is enough to make the difference where a single mark can decide success and failure.
Acknowledging the need to ensure the removal of difficulties, the students face, Soham Mandhare IRS officer & Vaibhav Sanas Senior Faculty, Civilsdaily Pune are conducting an on-demand MASTERCLASS on What the 20 Best Practices of Answer Writing to Score like Topper in Mains & How to boost your mains Score in 2023, sticking to the basic sources, and practicing answer writing in expert-prescribed ways, even after many things are pending.
This is the right time to focus on the principles that Soham sir & Vaibhav sir will discuss in the FREE MASTERCLASS. (details below)
Masterclass details:
Topic: 20 best practices of answer writing to score like toppers in MPSC/UPSC 2023 Mains
Date:12th January (Thursday).
Time: 5 to 7 PM
Mode: Online, Zoom link will be emailed to you
Post-webinar Civilsdaily strategy pack will be shared with you via email
Recording of the webinar can be requested by filling up the same registration form
The awesome masterclass is an opportunity to grasp the outstanding tips on the MPSC Rajyseva 2023: 20 best practices of answer writing to score like toppers in Mains.
So, whether you’re a beginner or a veteran, this masterclass is going to be a game-changer.
“*The 20 best answer writing practices are divided into 3 sections:- 5 basics, 5 intermediate, and 10 advanced”
1. Identifying and tackling directive words and tail words in the Mains Question. There are more than 30 directives and you must answer according to that only. We will discuss how to approach an answer wrt to these directives
2. When, where, and how to use diagrams, flowcharts, tables, etc?
It is a common notion that more diagrams = more marks, but this is not true. You must draw diagrams/flowcharts to address certain parts of the question only.
3. Understanding the core and non-core parts of the questions.
There is one part of the Mains question that is directly asked and is an obvious question. The non-core part at times might not be obvious but you must address that.
4. How to use anecdotes, facts, data, examples, and case studies? – even using the most common ones in the most impactful manner, in such a manner that it fetches you more marks
5. How to answer a question with limited content or knowledge? Basically – Bouncer/googly questions. Keywords in question: Pravin sir will thoroughly explain what each keyword means. Analyzing critically is different from explaining or elaborating. So, how to read the question carefully and then start answering?
6. How to complete the paper in 3hours? And what should be the correct sequence of answering sections in the Mains paper?
This is very essential to maintain your speed as well as consistency in your thinking process.
7. Make a trade-off between quality and quantity in your answers. You might now be able to recall every piece of info for all the answers.
8. When to write answers in Paragraph form and when to write in heading, subheading, and points? What should be the ideal length of a sentence, paragraph, and number of points?
9. What should be your strategy for the last week before Mains 2022?
10. How to go about the Final Revision before Mains 2022? Focus on making more revisions: If you can’t remember any points, how to put things in your notes during the exam? What are the exact ways to revise at least 10 times before the exam? Things must be your tips.
What The Hindu opined about Civilsdaily Mentorship
12th January (Thursday) 5 to 6 PM | 20 Best Practices of Answer Writing to Score like Topper in MPSC Mains | 1-1 LIVE session by Soham Mandhare IRS officer & Vaibhav Sanas Senior Faculty, Civilsdaily Pune
GS-2 Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
The Parliamentary Committee on Education has suggested in its report that textbooks should inculcate constitutional values in children and promote national integration.
The committee believes that books should be free from prejudice.
This report has been presented in the Parliament on 19 December 2022.
Key observations and recommendations of the Committee include:
(1) Quality of textbooks
Multidisciplinary approach: The Committee recommended that while creating content for textbooks, inputs by experts from multiple disciplines should be sought.
Imbibe pedagogy: Further, mandatory standards for content, graphics and layout, and pedagogical approaches should be developed.
Interactive learning: The Committee noted the need to have more child-friendly textbooks. It recommended the use of pictures, graphics, and audio-visual material.
Local language curriculum: The Committee recommended that textbooks should be published in all the languages mentioned in the eighth schedule of the Constitution. Further, efforts should be made to develop textbooks in local languages.
(2) Updating syllabus
Internal committee to review: The Committee recommended to set up an internal committee to examine suggestions received from teachers, students, and institutions for updating syllabus of NCERT textbooks.
Nationwide common syllabus: Further, it recommended the Ministry to explore the possibility to develop a core class-wise common syllabus for various subjects for implementation.
Reducing number of textbooks: Ex. Maharashtra’s Ekatmik Pathya Pustak- a single book for several subjects for class one students in order to lighten the school bag. The Committee recommended that other states should also follow a similar approach.
(3) Representation of women in textbooks
No stereotyping: Women are underrepresented in school textbooks and are depicted in traditional and voluntary roles.
Recognition of women’s contribution: NCERT should undertake efforts to (i) make textbooks gender inclusive, (ii) portray women in emerging professions, and (iii) adequately represent role of women in the Indian freedom movement.
(4) Depiction of history
No distortions: The Committee noted that many historical figures and freedom fighters in history textbooks have been portrayed in an incorrect manner as offenders.
No undue dynastic glorification: Further, it noted that there is unequal representation of various periods and dynasties in history textbooks.
Focus on national issues: Ideas of ‘national history’, or conflating the ancient and medieval periods of Indian history as indigenous and foreign respectively, are some examples of this.
Focus on nation-building aspects: The Committee recommended: (i) updating history textbooks to include certain details (such as post 1947 history and world history), (ii) reviewing depiction of freedom fighters from various regions and communities.
(5) Others
Information on drug and internet addiction: The Committee noted that drug addiction is cutting across class divide and has adverse effects on the socio-economic structure of the country.
Higher ethical standards: via character-building and good citizenship values.
Broader Issue: Attempts to re-write History
The Home Minister has pitched for decolonizing history textbooks of India.
Why did he say this? Here is the answer-
Disproportionate allocation of spaces in history: It is observed that school textbooks (at present) do not give adequate coverage to some of the great Indian empires like that of Cholas, Chalukyas, Vijayanagar, Gondwana or that of Travancore and Ahoms of the northeastern region but glorifies Mughal history.
Glorification of selective leaders and events: Leaders like Motilal Nehru, Sarojini Naidu and Abul Kalam Azad find elaborate mentions — and nothing objectionable about that — other great leaders like Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, Gopinath Bordoloi or revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh are either ignored or at times are mentioned as offenders.
Depiction of Women: Notable women in all fields, and their contributions, like that of Ahilyabai Holkar, Abala Bose, Anandi Gopal Joshi, Rani Ma Gaidinliu, Captain Prem Mathur, Cornelia Sorabji, Durgavati Devi, Janaki Ammal, Mahasweta Devi, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, Kittur Chennamma, Savitribai Phule and many others have not found adequate mention in NCERT textbooks.
Way forward
School textbooks need to reflect historical scholarship that is methodologically rigorous and based on primary research, while also keeping in mind pedagogical considerations.
There is a constant need to question, revisit and revise our understanding of the past through rigorous examination of historical and archaeological sources.
Equally important for us is to be cautious about the use of present-day ideas to construct and bolster history and historical consciousness.
School textbooks need to reflect historical scholarship that is methodologically rigorous and based on primary research, while also keeping in mind pedagogical considerations.
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