Operation Pawan

Why in the News? For the first time, the Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Upendra Dwivedi paid homage at the National War Memorial to soldiers who died during Operation Pawan (1987–1990). Event held on 25 November 2025. What was Operation Pawan? A major military operation launched by the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) in… Continue reading

Sleep Apnea & Parkinson’s Disease

Why in the News? A new study published in JAMA Neurology (Nov 24, 2025) found that untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) can nearly double the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. The study analysed 11 million+ U.S. military veterans’ medical records (1999–2022). Use of CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) significantly reduces the elevated risk, making sleep… Continue reading

Aravalli Hills: 90% Lose Protection, FSI Red-Flag Ignored

Why in the News? On 20 Nov 2025, the Supreme Court approved the government’s definition of Aravalli Hills as any hill 100 m or higher above local ground. Problem: This definition excludes 90% of Aravalli hills, making them open for mining and construction. Background The Aravalli Range runs from Delhi to Gujarat through Haryana and… Continue reading

[26th November 2025] Hindu OpED Trump-MbS summit- $1 trillion among friends

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2021] The USA is facing an existential threat in the form of China, that is much more challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union. Explain. Linkage: The Trump-MbS summit reflects the U.S. strategy of rebuilding alliances to counter China’s growing influence in West Asia, where Beijing has expanded economically and diplomatically. The revived… Continue reading

Rupee is Asia’s worst performing currency

Introduction The Indian Rupee has depreciated 4.3% against the US Dollar in 2025, making it Asia’s worst-performing currency. Analysts warn that the INR may slide to ₹90 per USD if the India-US trade deal does not materialise soon. The rupee’s movement is now driven more by global dollar strength than by domestic fundamentals. Persistent capital… Continue reading

Decoding personality rights in the age of AI

Introduction Personality rights, traditionally rooted in privacy, dignity, and control over one’s identity—are facing unprecedented stress due to generative AI. Deepfake technologies, synthetic media, and AI-generated impersonation are creating new risks of deception, reputational harm, financial loss, and large-scale identity exploitation. Recent legal disputes involving celebrities highlight widening vulnerabilities and the absence of a robust… Continue reading

Pazhayar River Pollution in Nagercoil

Why in the News? Rampant sewage discharge into the Pazhayar River in Nagercoil (Tamil Nadu), especially near Ozhuginesary, has raised serious environmental and public health concerns. A 2024 situational report highlighted severe domestic, agricultural, and industrial (rubber processing) pollution in the river. Nagercoil Corporation has initiated steps to seal sewage inlets, but pollution remains widespread.… Continue reading

Volcanic Eruption in Ethiopia and Impact on India

Why in the news? The Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia’s Afar region erupted on 23 November 2025 after nearly 12,000 years of dormancy, producing a massive ash plume rising to ~14 km (45,000 ft). High-level winds transported volcanic ash across the Red Sea and Arabian Peninsula towards western and northern India, causing temporary disruption in… Continue reading

Capital Gains Accounts (Second Amendment) Scheme, 2025

Why in the news? The Ministry of Finance has notified the Capital Gains Accounts (Second Amendment) Scheme, 2025, introducing major changes to the existing Capital Gains Account Scheme (CGAS), 1988. The amendments aim to modernise processes, expand banking access, and increase clarity for taxpayers seeking capital gains exemptions. About Capital Gains Account Scheme (CGAS), 1988… Continue reading

African Grey Parrot Trade in India

Why in the News? A series of RTI applications filed by The Hindu across 19 States/UTs revealed that most State Forest Departments have no records of breeders, pet shops, or ownership registrations for the African Grey Parrot, despite the species being widely available in pet markets. Only Kerala reported receiving 17 breeder licence applications through… Continue reading

[25th November 2025] Hindu OpED Bridging India’s numeracy gap

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2020] National Education Policy 2020 is in conformity with the Sustainable Development Goal-4 (2030). It intends to restructure and reorient education system in India. Critically examine the statement. Linkage: NEP 2020 aligns with SDG-4 by focusing on equitable, high-quality education and foundational learning. However, implementation gaps and weak learning outcomes, especially in… Continue reading

What will mean for Chandigarh if it is brought under Article 240

Introduction Chandigarh is a Union Territory that also serves as the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. The Governor of Punjab currently holds additional charge as the Administrator of Chandigarh. The proposal to place Chandigarh under Article 240 of the Constitution may allow the Centre to appoint an independent Administrator and frame regulations for Chandigarh… Continue reading

What does the SC’s advisory opinion imply?

INTRODUCTION The advisory opinion of the Supreme Court was sought to address concerns raised by delays in assent to Bills passed by State Assemblies and the earlier judicial attempt to impose fixed timelines on Governors. The reference involved 14 constitutional questions focused on the interpretation of Articles 200 and 201 and the Court’s jurisdiction to… Continue reading

Justice Surya Kant Sworn in as the 53rd Chief Justice of India (CJI)

Why in the News? Justice Surya Kant took oath as the 53rd Chief Justice of India (CJI) on November 24, 2025, administered by President Droupadi Murmu at Rashtrapati Bhavan. About Justice Surya Kant Born: 10 February 1962, Hisar, Haryana. Youngest Advocate General of Haryana (appointed 2000). Judge, Punjab & Haryana High Court (2004). Chief Justice,… Continue reading

INS Sahyadri–HMAS Ballarat in AUSINDEX 2025

Why in the News? INS Sahyadri of the Indian Navy and HMAS Ballarat of the Royal Australian Navy participated in the AUSINDEX 2025 bilateral maritime exercise in the Northern Pacific, strengthening India–Australia defence cooperation and enhancing interoperability. What is AUSINDEX? Bilateral naval exercise between India and Australia First held in 2015 Aims at maritime cooperation,… Continue reading

DRI Seizes 32 kg Methamphetamine in North East

Why in the News? The Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) has seized 32 kg methamphetamine tablets worth ₹32 crore in two separate operations in Assam and Tripura, exposing the continued use of the Indo–Myanmar route for drug trafficking. Three persons have been arrested under the NDPS Act, 1985. About Methamphetamine A synthetic psychostimulant Known as… Continue reading

HMDA to use bioremediation to clean up Hussainsagar lake

Why in the News? The Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA) has announced a new advanced bioremediation initiative using enzyme solutions and biochar-based Bokashi balls to clean and restore Hussainsagar Lake, which has long suffered from algal blooms, foul odour, sewage inflow, and industrial pollution. About Hussainsagar Lake A 16th-century artificial lake in Hyderabad. Faces severe… Continue reading

Moss Spores Survive Months in Space

Why in the news? A recent study published in iScience revealed that moss spores (Physcomitrium patens) survived nine months outside the International Space Station (ISS), enduring vacuum, cosmic radiation, microgravity, and temperature extremes. Over 80% of the spores survived and successfully germinated on return to Earth. Scientists estimate moss could survive up to 15 years… Continue reading

[24th November 2025] The Hindu OpED: The future of health lies in harmony

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2019] How is the Government of India protecting traditional knowledge of medicine from patenting by pharmaceutical companies? Linkage: Traditional medicine is gaining global traction, so protecting it from patenting and biopiracy is now a core policy priority rather than a cultural concern. As India leads the global traditional medicine agenda, this linkage… Continue reading

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