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Civil War in Sudan

Why in the News? The United Nations Secretary-General has warned that the civil war in Sudan is “spiralling out of control” after the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) seized the strategic Darfur city of El-Fasher. About the Civil War in Sudan: Outbreak: Began in April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) led by Gen. Abdel… Continue reading Civil War in Sudan

Global Study on Biomass Movement

Why in the News? A new study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution highlights how species mobility, measured as biomass movement, shapes ecosystems and reflects human ecological dominance. About the Concept of Biomass Movement: Overview: Biomass movement is the product of a species’ total biomass and the distance it travels annually, representing the mass of… Continue reading Global Study on Biomass Movement

[6th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The malleable Code of Conduct

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2022] Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in the light of the evolution of the Model Code of Conduct. Linkage: It explores how the Election Commission’s authority evolved through the MCC. It assesses the effectiveness in upholding electoral fairness amid growing political violations. Mentor’s Comment The Model Code of… Continue reading [6th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The malleable Code of Conduct

India AI: Governance Guidelines

Introduction Artificial Intelligence has evolved from an assistive tool to an autonomous decision-maker, influencing governance, economy, security, and social life. Recognizing both its potential and perils, the Government of India, through MeitY’s drafting committee (July 2025), released the India AI Governance Guidelines.It is  rooted in the vision of “AI for All”. The framework aims to… Continue reading India AI: Governance Guidelines

Mayor in India

Why in the News? Zohran Mamdani of Indian-origin has been elected as the mayor of New York City. Mayor in India: Overview: The Mayor serves as the head of a Municipal Corporation, responsible for urban governance, civic infrastructure, and local service delivery in large cities. Basis: Institutionalised under the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, which… Continue reading Mayor in India

Clearest Black Hole Merger signal allows probe of Hawking’s Law

Why in the News? Researchers have detected the clearest gravitational wave signal, GW250114, from merging black holes, confirming Stephen Hawking’s 1971 Black Hole Area Theorem. About GW250114: Overview: GW250114 is the clearest gravitational wave signal ever detected, observed on January 14, 2025, by LIGO (US), Virgo (Italy), and KAGRA (Japan). What Happened: It came from… Continue reading Clearest Black Hole Merger signal allows probe of Hawking’s Law

Govt panel working on New SEZ Norms for Exporters to Access Domestic Market

Why in the News? A government panel comprising officials from the Commerce and Industry Ministry, NITI Aayog, and exporters is drafting new Special Economic Zone (SEZ) norms to revive manufacturing and support exporters hit by steep U.S. tariffs in 2025. Back2Basics: Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in India Overview: Duty-free enclaves treated as foreign territory for… Continue reading Govt panel working on New SEZ Norms for Exporters to Access Domestic Market

Bihar’s Gogabeel Lake declared India’s 94th Ramsar Site

Why in the News? Gogabeel Lake, located in Katihar district, Bihar, has been officially designated as India’s 94th Ramsar Site and sixth from Bihar. About Gogabeel Lake: Overview: An oxbow lake situated in Katihar district, Bihar, within the Trans-Gangetic Plains, formed between the Ganga and Mahananda rivers. Hydrological Nature: Connects to both rivers during monsoon… Continue reading Bihar’s Gogabeel Lake declared India’s 94th Ramsar Site

[5th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: India’s forests hold the future

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2024] Environmental pollution is a major environmental issue in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to deal with this problem and also the government’s initiatives in this regard. Linkage: Even though no direct linking PYQ is found. But here forest restoration and carbon sink creation are key mitigation measures in controlling pollution… Continue reading [5th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: India’s forests hold the future

A nationwide SIR

Introduction India’s Election Commission (ECI) has launched the Special Intensive Revision (SIR 2.0) of electoral rolls to address a persistent issue, duplicate and multiple voter entries across constituencies and states. As the electoral roll forms the foundation of Indian democracy, its accuracy directly determines the legitimacy of elections. The initiative represents a nationwide, paperless, tech-driven… Continue reading A nationwide SIR

Compound effect: On digital arrest scams

Introduction The Supreme Court of India’s recent directive for a comprehensive probe into proliferating digital scams underscores the scale and sophistication of cyber fraud plaguing Indian citizens. The Court’s focus on “digital arrest” scams, where criminals impersonate law enforcement officials to extort money highlights a disturbing transformation in global cybercrime: industrial-scale scam operations embedded in… Continue reading Compound effect: On digital arrest scams

Gamma-Ray Bursts from Black Hole ‘Morsels’ could expose Quantum Gravity

Why in the News? A recent theoretical study (accepted in Nuclear Physics B, August 2025) introduces the idea of “black hole morsels”, tiny, asteroid-mass micro-black holes possibly formed during black hole mergers. What are Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs)? Overview: They are extremely energetic cosmic explosions that emit intense bursts of gamma radiation, the highest-energy form of… Continue reading Gamma-Ray Bursts from Black Hole ‘Morsels’ could expose Quantum Gravity

Meghalaya’s Umngot River turns Muddy

Why in the News? The Umngot River, celebrated for its crystal-clear waters and tourist appeal at Dawki and Shnongpdeng, has turned murky and opaque. About Umngot River: Location: Flows through West Jaintia Hills district, Meghalaya, close to the India–Bangladesh border. Origin: Arises from the Jaintia Hills, traversing limestone-rich terrain that naturally filters impurities and maintains… Continue reading Meghalaya’s Umngot River turns Muddy

‘Phool Walon Ki Sair’ Festival

Why in the News? For the first time since its 1962 revival (except during COVID-19), Delhi’s interfaith festival Phool Walon Ki Sair will not be held this year. About ‘Phool Walon Ki Sair’ Festival: Timing: Held annually post-monsoon (September–November), attracting large participation from artisans, locals, and cultural groups. Meaning: Literally translates to “Procession of the… Continue reading ‘Phool Walon Ki Sair’ Festival

[4th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The case for energy efficiency

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2022] Do you think India will meet 50 percent of its energy needs from renewable energy by 2030? Justify your answer. How will the shift of subsidies from fossil fuels to renewables help achieve the above objective? Explain. Linkage: The question relates to India’s renewable energy transition and the feasibility of meeting… Continue reading [4th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The case for energy efficiency

Need to shift focus from food security to nutrition security

Introduction India’s post-Green Revolution success ensured adequate food grain availability and established the foundation for food security through schemes like the Public Distribution System (PDS) and National Food Security Act (2013). However, caloric sufficiency has not translated into nutritional adequacy. Over 35% of Indian children remain stunted, and anaemia affects over half of women of… Continue reading Need to shift focus from food security to nutrition security

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