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  • Who was Guru Nabha Dass?

    Punjab government has announced gazetted holiday on the birth anniversary of Guru Nabha Dass, a 16th century saint, taking it out from list of restricted holidays.

    Who was Guru Nabha Dass?

    • Guru Nabha Dass was born on April 8, 1537 at village Bhadrachalam on the bank of Godavari river in Khammam district, which falls in the present day Telangana.
    • He belonged to Mahasha also known as doom or dumna community, which is one of the Schedule Caste communities.
    • Since childhood, orphaned Guru Nabha Dass, whose original name was Narayan Dass, had an inclination towards spirituality.
    • Two religious gurus — Agar Dass and Keel Dass — who were passing through his village took the orphan child to a temple at Ghalta Dham, which is now main pilgrimage of Nabhadassias, at Jaipur.
    • People from this community are also known as Nabhadassias. They are known for making baskets and grain storage containers with bamboo.

    His legacy

    • Guru Nabha Dass wrote ‘Bhagatmal’ in 1585.
    • It has the life history of around 200 saints. He died in 1643.

    What is his connection with Punjab?

    • Guru Nabha Dass used to visit village Pandori in Gurdaspur district where people of Doom community live.
    • Some gurus of the community also used to live there.

    What made government announce gazetted holiday now?

    • Political parties can’t manage to ignore the sentiments of such a large community.
    • The community had been requesting the government to declare April 8 as a gazetted holiday since long.

     

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  • All India Free Open Test on April 10th – Evaluate your Preparation before it’s too Late || Get Free Strategy Call After Test|| Hurry Up & Register Now

    All India Free Open Test on April 10th – Evaluate your Preparation before it’s too Late || Get Free Strategy Call After Test|| Hurry Up & Register Now

    CLICK HERE TO REGISTER FOR OPEN TEST AND ALSO GET A FREE STRATEGY CALL

    First Nikaalo Prelims Open Test was an eye opener for many by highlighting your weak spots. Knowing WEAK AREAS in early stage of preparation can give you time to improve upon them. Hence, as promised we are conducting the 2nd All India Open Prelims Test under our mission Nikaalo Prelims 2022.

    GET READY TO EXPERIENCE THE COMPLETE EXAMINATION PATTERN!

    We are conducting both GENERAL STUDIES and CSAT test with high quality UPSC level questions along with Test Discussion.


    Click here to join Nikaalo Prelims Civilsdaily IAS Official space to Participate in the test discussion.

    CLICK HERE TO REGISTER FOR OPEN TEST AND ALSO GET A FREE STRATEGY CALL

    Test date: 10th April 2022, Sunday

    TIME:

    GS 1: 9:30 am

    GS 2: 2:30 pm

    How our Prelims Test will help you?

    We at Civilsdaily understand the nuances of setting a paper. Through five cases explaining five questions, we’ll try to give you an idea about the varied difficulty level of prelims questions.

    These questions have been taken from the first test of Nikaalo Prelims All India Open Mock Test 2020 about Government Schemes and Policies.   

    CASE 1 – The oldest trick in the book. 

    DELIBERATELY CHANGING NAMES TO CONFUSE YOU. BE IT SCHEMES OR CONCEPTS. UPSC IS WELL KNOWN TO FLIP NAMES OF SIMILAR-SOUNDING SCHEMES AND CONCEPTS. LOOK AT THIS QUESTION. 

    Ques. Which of the following are the result areas of  STRIVE

    1. Improved performance of ITI.
    2. Improved and Broadened Apprenticeship Training.
    3. India International Skill Centers 

    Select the  correct answer from the  codes given below:

    a. 1 and 2 only

    b. 2 and 3 only

    c. 1 and 3 only

    d. 1 only

    Correct answer- 1 and 2 only

    In the above question, STRIVE has been used for SANKALP.  Both of them were announced at the same time for boosting Skill India Mission. It is very easy to get confused mark a wrong answer.

    CASE 2: Misleading names

    A LOT OF TIMES ESPECIALLY IN MATCH THE FOLLOWING TYPE OF QUESTIONS MISLEADING NAMES ARE USED. 

    Ques. Consider the following pairs:

       Schemes                          Objectives

    1. NIDHI: nurturing ideas and innovations into successful startups.
    2. SATYAM: rejuvenate research in yoga and meditation.
    3. MANAK: to help build a critical human resource pool for strengthening and increasing the research & development base.

    Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

    a. 1 and 2 only

    b. 2 and 3 only

    c. 1 and 2 only

    d. 1, 2 and 3

    Correct answer: 1, 2 and 3

    Misleading yet important names of initiatives under Ministry of Science and Technology have been used here. All pairs are correctly matched but it is very easy to get confused. 

    CASE 3: Are you rooted in society?

    UPSC has been playing with the expenditure figures and other such facts. It is done not only for the sole reason of checking your rote memory, but the ability to think in-depth about the issues faced by various sections. 

    Ques. With reference to ‘Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM) Scheme’, consider the following statements:

    1. The scheme provides for the installation of grid-connected solar power plants each of capacity up to 2 MW in the rural areas.
    2. The farmers will have to spend 50% of the total expenditure to acquire and install solar pumps.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    a. 1 only

    b. 2 only

    c. Both 1 and 2

    d. Neither 1 nor 2

    Correct answer: 1 only

    A very important scheme. The farmers have to tolerate only 10% of the total expenditure to acquire and install solar pumps. The Central Govt. will provide 60% cost while the remaining 30% will be taken care of by bank as credit. One must understand the inability of Indian farmers to spend 50% on solar pumps. This would have helped in eliminating options also.

    CASE 4: Going international.

    INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION AND AID IN OUR SCHEMES AND POLICIES ARE RELEVANT. IF YOU EVER READ ABOUT THEM, KNOW THAT THE ISSUE IS OF CRITICAL IMPORTANCE FOR THE GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY.

    Ques. With reference to Atal Bhujal Yojana, consider the following statements:

    1. It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme with funding pattern of 50:50 between Government of India and states.
    2. This scheme is approved by the World Bank.

    Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?

    a. 1 only

    b. 2 only

    c. Both 1 and 2

    d. Neither 1 nor 2

    Correct answer: 2 only

    Here the Government of India’s collaboration with World Bank makes it important. Half of the financial contribution is from the World Bank in this initiative.

    Students must not ignore the contribution of international institutions especially if it is of such overwhelming nature.

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    CASE 5: Core of the core

    YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO REMEMBER THE BARE MINIMUM. THERE IS NO OTHER WAY IN SUCH QUESTIONS. YOU EITHER KNOW THEM OR YOU DON’T.

    Ques. Which of the following are the components of the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)?

    1. National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) 
    2. Annapurna.
    3. Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS)

    Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

    a. 1 and 3

    b. 2 and 3

    c. 3 only

    d. 1, 2, and 3

    Correct answer: 1, 2 and 3

    The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) which came into effect from 15th August 1995, represents a significant step towards the fulfilment of the Directive Principles in Article 41 of the Constitution.

    It is a very important scheme under Ministry of Rural Development. Students are supposed to do flagship schemes of various ministries.

    WHAT IS NIKAALO PRELIMS?

    Mission Nikaalo prelims is a free fast-paced revision sequence to brush up your concepts for prelims. Major pillars of the programs are:

    1. Prelims SPOTLIGHT

    This initiative is meant to help you revise details and facts that can be asked in prelims. They are simplified, synthesized and prepared using most authentic sources. These can easily slip your mind or you can easily confuse these. Continuous Revision for the same is required. The themes picked up in the spotlight are not random but after analyzing and scrutinizing the PYQs of several years. Dare you to miss the updates!

    1. Static Subject Revision and Tests 

    Coverage and Relevance are the 2 Pillars of our Tests. Practicing tests is crucial part of Prelims preparation.

    3. Nikaalo Prelims Discussion on Civilsdaily IAS Official space

    All material, notes and doubt sessions will take place on Civilsdaily IAS Official Space.

    Click here to join Nikaalo Prelims Civilsdaily IAS Official space.

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  • Target UPSC CSE 2023 – How to Get the Basics Right & Start the Preparation like a Topper? || Free Live Webinar By Rahul Sir|| Register Now

    Target UPSC CSE 2023 – How to Get the Basics Right & Start the Preparation like a Topper? || Free Live Webinar By Rahul Sir|| Register Now

    book your slot for free webinar on upsc preparation 2023

    UPSC-CSE 2021 results have shaken the long held belief that the examination can only be cleared after multiple attempts. Most of the UPSC-CSE toppers like Satyam Gandhi (AIR 10), Ria Dabi (AIR 15), Yash Jaluka (AIR 4), Mamta Yadav (AIR 5) and Shashwat Tripurari (AIR 19) cleared the exam as fresh graduates in their very first attempt. How were they able to do it?

    If you watch their strategy videos, you can find a common pattern — they started 12-24 months in advance before the exam.

    One of the benefits of starting your preparation early is the time you would get to revise and practice test series upon completing the syllabus. Also, you would get ample time to pay attention to every subject. There are totally 9 papers in UPSC-CSE Mains and 2 papers in Prelims exams. Not to forget, the daily current affairs. Many aspirants need time to figure out how they can prepare in an understandable manner. That’s why starting your preparation eight months before the exam is not advisable.

    We understand how annoying it might be for you if you were to study in a certain way for months together and then realise that it doesn’t align with the UPSC-CSE way of doing things. So, what’s the best way to prepare?

    This is what Civilsdaily mentor Rahul sir would be discussing in the upcoming webinar.

    Webinar Details

    If you want to get the nuances of UPSC-CSE preparation right in the first go, then this free webinar is for you!

    Date: 9th April 2022

    Time: 8 PM onwards

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    Key Takeaways of the Free Q&A Webinar

    1. What is the best book to refer for a topic in a subject? Based on 6 year paper analysis of UPSC-CSE.

    2. Recognise the UPSC demand. What types of test series are beneficial? What types of mock test series should be avoided?

    3. Ancient & Medieval History is becoming tougher every year. What shall be the ideal Strategy?

    4. Complete timeline of UPSC-CSE Preparation for a working professional.

    5. The art of making notes. What topics require notes and what topics don’t?

    6. Hard work in right direction vs Hardwork in wrong direction. Can only studying hard make you successful?

    7. Only two consolidated sources for Current Affairs. What are they?

    8. Normal, standard and frequent revision techniques. What are they?

    Rahul Sir will also hold a Q&A Session where beginners and veterans can clarify their doubts.

    Do not miss this opportunity to understand the nuances of UPSC preparation if you plan to appear in 2023.

    book your slot for free webinar on upsc preparation 2023
  • (Imp) UPSC Interviews 2021 | As an interviewer will you recommend MK Gandhi for IAS?|Get your role play and situational questionnaire| Book your mock

    (Imp) UPSC Interviews 2021 | As an interviewer will you recommend MK Gandhi for IAS?|Get your role play and situational questionnaire| Book your mock

    Book your slot for UPSC Mock interviews (paneled by ex UPSC members) and get a dedicated mentor, on-call DAF analysis, DAF-based personalized questionnaire, and Situational questionnaire (FREE)
    (click) Register for Mocks and Get your (FREE) Situational Questionnaire for UPSC Interviews 2021

    UPSC Interviews for 2021 have begun and you will be facing much dreaded ‘Role play and Situational questions’ by the panel.

    While you know well that administration does not run on the whims and fancies of any individual administrator but is based on the authority vested in that post as per written schedules of power, there are other things you need to consider while answering these questions.

    Register and get your questionnaire

    As a part of Transcend Interview Guidance Program for UPSC 2021 we’ve prepared and compiled a high-quality comprehensive questionnaire. Register and Get it here

    (click) Register for Mocks and Get your (FREE) Situational Questionnaire for UPSC Interviews 2021
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    Transcend Interview Guidance 2021: Program inclusion

    1. Mock interview and detailed analysis + feedback
    2. Most important issues coverage – current and structural
    3. DAF 2 curation
    4. Personalized mentorship
    5. DAF analysis and one-on-one sessions with mentors
    6. DAF based personalized questionnaire
    7. Situational and Roleplay questionnaire

    Do You Know That Civilsdaily Has a 75% Success Rate In UPSC Interview?

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  • Criminal Procedures (Identification) Bill violates right against self-incrimination

    Context

    The Bill proposes to collect “measurements” of convicted persons, those who are arrested (or detained under preventive detention laws) or those who have executed bonds promising good behaviour.

    Dilution of right against self-incrimination

    • The Constitution, under Article 20(3), protects an accused from being compelled to give witness against himself.
    • This fundamental right has been diluted over the years.
    • In 2005, the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) was amended to allow a magistrate to order any person to give their handwriting samples for the purpose of an investigation or proceeding.
    • In 2019, the Supreme Court, in Ritesh Sinha v. State of UP, held that such handwriting samples could include voice samples.
    • It relied upon its judgment in the Kathi Kalu Oghad case (1962) that held that giving palm impressions or footprints could not be called self-incriminatory because impressions were unchangeable, except in rare cases”.
    • Instead, it held that the Constitution bars the compulsory extraction of a statement — oral or written — from the accused, “which makes the case against the accused person at least probable, considered by itself”.

    Provisions in the Bill

    • While the databasing of convicted persons is not new, the new piece of legislation allows for taking information, including finger-impressions, palm-print impressions, footprint impressions, photographs, iris and retina scan, physical, biological samples and their analysis, behavioural attributes including signatures, handwriting or any other examination referred to in Sections 53, 53A of the CrPC.
    • It also mandates the National Crime Records Bureau to store, preserve and destroy the record of measurements at the national level as well as process and share them with any law enforcement agency.

    Issues with the Bill

    • Right against self-incrimination is unlikely to apply to technologies in use today.
    • Wide scope of under new technologies: The logic that was used in 1962 to interpret what would violate the right against self-incrimination is unlikely to apply to technologies in use today.
    • The Bill is vaguely worded and the nature of the processing, sharing, and dissemination of data it entails will most certainly involve the use of new and emerging technologies. 
    •  Their application to policing and the criminal justice system has new implications for the right against self-incrimination.
    • The compulsory submission of such information could have chilling effects after being subjected to new technologies – in other words, the past of an accused person might be enough to incriminate him.
    • Possibility of coercive data collection: The Bill proposes to collect “measurements” of convicted persons, those who are arrested (or detained under preventive detention laws) or those who have executed bonds promising good behaviour.
    • Only those arrested for petty offences that are punishable with less than seven years may not be obliged to allow the recording of measurements.
    • This rings a warning bell about coercive data collection, especially when seen in the light of the practices used to police oppressed communities.
    • For instance, under the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871, many nomadic and semi-nomadic communities were labelled hereditary criminals.
    •  Despite the Act being repealed in 1952, these denotified tribal (“Vimukta”) communities continue to be treated as criminals by birth through the “Habitual Offenders” provisions in state-level police regulations that allow local police stations to keep records of such persons residing in their area.
    • It condemns a section of the country’s population to several cycles of arrest, bail, and acquittal.
    • The new piece of legislation could make the practice of history-sheeting, undertaken when a person is merely alleged of a crime, and not convicted, even more coercive.
    • Long storage period and no clear process for destroying information: the “measurements” are to be stored at the national level for 75 years, with no clear procedure outlined for destroying the information.

    Conclusion

    The right against self-incrimination is at the heart of protection against police excess and torture. Record-keeping as mandated by the Bill violates this right. Parliament must make laws that protect against such blatant attacks on fundamental rights and freedoms, rather than enable them.

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  • 8th April 2022 | Nikaalo Prelims- Geography Test 2: Indian Geography; Government Initiatives – Schemes, National Parks, Missions, etc

    [WpProQuiz 956]

    [WpProQuiz_toplist 956]

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  • 8th April 2022 | Prelims Daily with Previous Year Questions

    [WpProQuiz 961]

    [WpProQuiz_toplist 961]

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  • Russia suspended from UN Human Rights Council membership

    Russia’s membership to the Human Rights Council (UNHRC), to which it was elected in 2020, was suspended after the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) vote.

    Why was Russia suspended from UNHRC?

    • Russia’s three-year term as member of the Council began on January 1, 2021.
    • With membership on the Council comes a responsibility to uphold high human rights standards.
    • It is this responsibility that Russia is alleged to have wilfully violated in Ukraine.

    India stayed absent. Why?

    • India questioned the process by which the move to suspend Russia took place given that it happened before the international probe into the massacre.
    • New Delhi’s point is that it should have been brought before the Human Rights Council first, and not the UNGA, sources said.
    • This is a signal to the West that due process has not been followed, something that Indian interlocutors can draw Moscow’s attention to.

    About UN Human Rights Council

    • The UNHRC is an inter-governmental body within the United Nations system, which is responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the world.
    • It addresses and makes recommendations on situations of human rights violations, and can discuss all thematic human rights issues and situations.
    • The UNHRC replaced the former UN Commission on Human Rights.
    • It was created by the UNGA on March 15, 2006, and the body met in its first session from June 19-30, 2006.

    Working of the Council

    In 2007, the Council adopted an “institution-building package” to set up its procedures and mechanisms. Among these were:

    1. Mechanism of Universal Periodic Review to assess the human rights situations in all UN Member States.
    2. It has Advisory Committee that serves as the Council’s think tank providing it with expertise and advice on thematic human rights issues.
    3. Its Complaint Procedure, allows individuals and organisations to bring human rights violations to the Council’s attention.
    4. The Council also works with the UN Special Procedures established by the former Commission on Human Rights, consisting of special rapporteurs, special representatives, independent experts etc.

    Membership of the Council

    • The Council, which meets at the UN Office in Geneva, Switzerland, is made up of 47 UN Member States who are elected by majority vote through a direct and secret ballot at the UNGA.
    • The membership of the Council is based on equitable geographical distribution.
    • African and Asia-Pacific states have 13 seats each, Latin American and Caribbean states have 8 seats, Western European and other states 7 seats, and Eastern European states 6 seats.
    • The members serve for three years and are not eligible for immediate re-election after serving two consecutive terms.

    Leadership of the Council

    • The Council has a five-person Bureau, consisting of a president and four vice-presidents, each representing one of the five regional groups.
    • They serve for a year each, in accordance with the Council’s annual cycle.
    • The Human Rights Council President of the 16th Cycle (2022) is Federico Villegas, who is the Permanent Representative of Argentina to the UN and other international organizations in Geneva.
    • He was elected president of the Human Rights Council for 2022 in December 2021.

    Meetings of the Council

    • The Human Rights Council holds no fewer than three regular sessions a year, for a total of at least 10 weeks.
    • These sessions take place in March (4 weeks), June (3 weeks) and September (3 weeks).
    • The Council met in its latest (49th) regular session from February 28 to April 1, 2022
    • If a third of the Member states requests, the Council can decide at any time to hold a special session to address human rights violations and emergencies.
    • Under the presidency of Nazhat S Khan of Fiji, the Council held a record five special sessions in 2021 — on Myanmar, the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel, Afghanistan, Sudan, and Ethiopia.

     

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  • Indonesia’s Palm Oil Crisis

    The world’s largest producer and exporter of palm oil, Indonesia, is facing domestic shortages, leading to price controls and export curbs.

    What is the news?

    • It’s rare for any country that is the largest producer and exporter of a product to experience domestic shortages of the same product.
    • Consumers are unable to access or paying through the nose for a commodity in which their country is the preeminent producer and exporter.

    What is Oil Palm?

    • Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp of the fruit of the oil palms.
    • The oil is used in food manufacturing, in beauty products, and as biofuel.

    Palm oil production in Indonesia

    • Its palm oil production for 2021-22 (October-September) at 45.5 million tonnes (mt).
    • That’s almost 60% of the total global output and way ahead of the next bigger producer: Malaysia (18.7 mt).
    • It is also the world’s No. 1 exporter of the commodity, at 29 mt, followed by Malaysia (16.22 mt).

    Do you know?

    14,000 IDR is less than $1 or Rs 74! See the extent of depreciation one currency can undergo!

    Have you ever heard of the Zimbabwean hyperinflation of 2009? One literally had to pay a heap of cash to buy a piece of bread!

    Why in headlines?

    • Indonesia has seen domestic prices of branded cooking oil spiral, from around 14,000 Indonesian rupiah (IDR) to 22,000 IDR per litre between March 2021 and March 2022.
    • Much recently, the government imposed a ceiling on retail prices at 14,000 IDR.
    • This led to the product disappearing from supermarket shelves, amid reports of hoarding and consumers standing in long queues for hours to get a pack or two.

    India’s imports of palm oil (in lakh tonnes)

    Plausible factors

    (1) Ongoing War

    • The possible reason has to do supply disruptions — manmade and natural — in other cooking oils, especially sunflower and soyabean.
    • Ukraine and Russia together account for nearly 80% of the global trade in sunflower oil, quite comparable to the 90% share of Indonesia and Malaysia in palm.
    • Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has resulted in port closures and exporters avoiding Black Sea shipping routes.
    • Sanctions against Russia have further curtailed trade in sunflower oil, the world’s third most exported vegetable oil after palm and soybean.

    (2) Diversion for Bio-Fuels

    • Another factor is linked to petroleum, more specifically the use of palm oil as a bio-fuel.
    • The Indonesian government has, since 2020, made 30% blending of diesel with palm oil mandatory as part of a plan to slash fossil fuel imports.
    • Palm oil getting increasingly diverted for bio-diesel is leaving less quantity available, both for the domestic cooking oil and export market.

    Impact on India

    • India is the world’s biggest vegetable oils importer.
    • Out of its annual imports of 14-15 mt, the lion’s share is of palm oil (8-9 mt), followed by soyabean (3-3.5 mt) and sunflower (2.5).
    • Indonesia has been India’s top supplier of palm oil, though it was overtaken by Malaysia in 2021-22 (see above table).
    • The restrictions on exports, even in the form of levy, take into cognizance Indonesia’s higher population (27.5 crores, against Malaysia’s 3.25 crore) as well as its ambitious biofuel program.
    • To that extent, the world – more so, the bigger importer India – will have to get used to lower supplies from Indonesia.

     

    Answer this PYQ from CSP 2019:

     

    Q.Among the agricultural commodities imported by India, which one of the following accounts for the highest imports in terms of value in the last five years?

    (a) Spices

    (b) Fresh fruits

    (c) Pulses

    (d) Vegetable oils

     

    Post your answers here.

     

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  • Species in news: Indian Tent Turtles

    Indian tent turtle is now listed in Schedule –I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 and is thereby provided the highest degree of protection.

    Why in news?

    • The Indian tent turtle is threatened due to illegal mining in Narmada River.
    • This turtle has also been widely traded as a pet at aquariums.

    Indian Tent Turtles

    IUCN status: Least Concerned

    • The Indian tent turtle (Pangshura tentoria) is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. The species is endemic to India and Bangladesh.
    • Its preferred habitats are freshwater rivers and swamps.
    • The species is native to India, Nepal and Bangladesh, with three subspecies recorded from the region viz., P. t. tentoria, P. t. circumdata and P. t. flaviventer.
    • t. tentoria occurs in peninsular India and is recorded from Orissa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Assam and Madhya Pradesh.
    • t. circumdata occurs in the western tributaries of Ganga and the rivers of Gujarat. It is found in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat.
    • t. flaviventer occurs in the northern tributaries of Ganga and is recorded from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Assam.

    Back2Basics:  Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

    • WPA provides for the protection of the country’s wild animals, birds and plant species, in order to ensure environmental and ecological security.
    • It provides for the protection of a listed species of animals, birds and plants, and also for the establishment of a network of ecologically-important protected areas in the country.
    • It provides for various types of protected areas such as Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks etc.

    There are six schedules provided in the WPA for protection of wildlife species which can be concisely summarized as under:

    Schedule I: These species need rigorous protection and therefore, the harshest penalties for violation of the law are for species under this Schedule.
    Schedule II: Animals under this list are accorded high protection. They cannot be hunted except under threat to human life.
    Schedule III & IV: This list is for species that are not endangered. This includes protected species but the penalty for any violation is less compared to the first two schedules.
    Schedule V: This schedule contains animals which can be hunted.
    Schedule VI: This list contains plants that are forbidden from cultivation.

     

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