HOW TO ATTEMPT ANSWERS IN DAILY ANSWER WRITING ENHANCEMENT(AWE)?
Daily 4 questions from General studies 1, 2, 3, and 4 will be provided to you.
A Mentor’s Comment will be available for all answers. This can be used as a guidance tool but we encourage you to write original answers.
You can write your answer on an A4 sheet and scan/click pictures of the same.
Upload the scanned answer in the comment section of the same question.
Along with the scanned answer, please share your Razor payment ID, so that paid members are given priority.
If you upload the answer on the same day like the answer of 11th February is uploaded on 11th February then your answer will be checked within 72 hours. Also, reviews will be in the order of submission- First come first serve basis
If you are writing answers late, for example, 11th February is uploaded on 13th February , then these answers will be evaluated as per the mentor’s schedule.
We encourage you to write answers on the same day. However, if you are uploading an answer late then tag the mentor like @Staff so that the mentor is notified about your answer.
*In case your answer is not reviewed, reply to your answer saying *NOT CHECKED*.
A sneak peek into our 1-1 mentoring session for Prelims
Civilsdaily helped 100+ aspirants get ranks in UPSC 2020. We helped 30 students secure ranks in the Top 100. After speaking with them personally on our UNHERD platform, we understood that there was one thing that was common between all the rankers!
All the rankers committed themselves and NEVER postponed their preparation. They did not waste a single day but started preparing immediately. We also asked them WHY did they start immediately and did not wait?
You will fall into a vicious cycle – Our toppers said that if aspirants do not start preparing immediately, they often fall into a vicious cycle of doubt and confusion. They wait for the right moment to start preparing but keep delaying it for numerous reasons like work, college, not-ready, etc. The more time they waste, the more confused they get, and the syllabus starts piling up. The toppers told us that the best thing they did was to start immediately and it helped them succeed!
Lack of self-analysis can cost you 3-4 years – The toppers revealed that self-analysis is one of the most important things for an aspirant. You need to know the syllabus, the previous year questions for every topic, your strengths, your weaknesses, your learning speed, the best time to study, how to plan the study, etc. Most aspirants who fail the exam do not do self-analysis and just keep reading. This does not help as it wastes a lot of their time. In fact, if you are not sure about your strengths and weaknesses, it could easily cost you 3-4 years in preparation. The toppers also told us that they asked mentors for assessments when they felt confused. Self-analysis helped them focus on their weaknesses and improve them. And finally, they were able to crack the exam.
UPSC is the biggest killer of self-belief – Our toppers told us that the UPSC exam is so tough and vast that it often kills an aspirant’s self-confidence. It becomes extremely difficult for them to remain consistent and motivated for the entire year. The rankers revealed that when they faced inconsistency and lacked self-confidence, they often spoke with their mentors who guided them. They found help in the mentors who understood their concerns and kept them motivated, especially when they felt down and depressed. This helped the rankers become consistent and prepare with the same energy every day!
Self-study with no guidance doesn’t help – The rankers of 2020 told us that preparing for UPSC is like walking on a desert. You will be lost without a guide. They said that even when they were self-studying, they kept asking for guidance from mentors. What to study, what not to study, how to improve their answers, which areas to focus on, etc. The toppers stayed constantly in touch with mentors who helped them at every step. They did the hard work themselves but it would have been a waste if the hard work was not in the right direction.
Always overachieve your daily target by 25% – The toppers said that they had a study plan with targets for every day! But that was not all. They always tried to overachieve the targets by at least 25%. Every time they overachieved, it gave them the confidence to do the same every day. And by the end of their preparation, they had a clear advantage over other aspirants because they studied 25% more than everyone, every single day!
The toppers of 2020 told us that their handwork, right guidance, and smart planning at an early stage helped them succeed. They said that they did not want to postpone their preparation even by a single day as it would cost them ranks. And they were right! They started preparing immediately and are now rank-holders in UPSC!
While UPSC 2023 may seem like a year away from now, looking at the syllabus one can say it’s just about the right time away. As Prelims 2022 approaches in June, more and more aspirants will realising how close they are to 2023 and begin preparing immediately. But it may just be too late by then!
If you are reading this today, you are in luck. You have the opportunity to realise the urgency immediately. March has just begun and you can have an advantage of at least siix months over other aspirants if you start preparing today. And even with a year in your hand, it would take a high level of extremely focused study to crack the exam in June 2023.
The fact is this: You CANNOT waste a single day in experimenting, hunting for resources, trying to collect reading material, etc. Every day from today is more valuable than anything you can imagine, and this is the time to focus with every bit of concentration you have.
Given the time constraint and the urgency of the situation, you need to be practical. Speak with our mentors and get your preparation organised. Our mentors can help you streamline your preparation within 24 hours and will help you save precious time. Right now, nothing is more valuable than your time and if you wish to use it effectively, all it would take is a call with our mentors.
The urgency is real, you can calculate yourself. And every moment you waste is an opportunity wasted. All you need to do is fill this form and our senior mentors will get in touch with you, with a solution designed especially for you! Speak with us, now as it’s a free 1-on-1 mentorship session with 40 minutes dedicated only for you.
Get Motivated to Maintain Overall Consistency for UPSC
It’s understandable we are humans and not programmable robots who can maintain the same level of interest everyday. However, maintaining an overall consistency throughout our preparation is neccessary to clear this competitive and vast exam.
Our philosophy behind MENTORSHIP is to get you out of this Snooze cycle. This ensures that you are the BEST VERSION of yourself in this journey. If you are under the impression that mentorship is weekly calls you attend, then you are mistaken, my friend. Trust us, your mentor will be your ‘FRIEND, PHILOSOPHER AND GUIDE’.
TO EACH THEIR OWN – Every aspirant is different. Their strengths and weaknesses are different. Their time availability is also different. Identifying this is important so you don’t end up making unrealistic targets and lose momentum. Your mentor will make sure you start slow but remain consistent to build your confidence. Making your schedule structured based on our experience of working with 2500+ students is our first priority.
TRACK YOUR PROGRESS – When you see yourself grow, it becomes easier to motivate yourself to push boundaries. Tracking your progress can happen in many ways like mentorship calls or chat sessions or by regular tests. The idea is to ensure that you don’t go off track in your preparation, and even if you do, we have your back.
EVOLUTION – A constant guidance is important to bring consistency to your UPSC preparation. Guidance is not about clearing your doubts or asking you to study when you don’t. It is also about the evolution of your preparation. This is where you and your mentor work as a team. A constant effort to PLAN AND BUILD UP YOUR ABILITY to learn in a faster and more efficient way.
TALK IT OUT – The biggest hurdle in achieving your highest level of consistency is the emotional part. Every now and then, you. surround yourself with negative thoughts, you feel scared and depressed. Instead of resolving these emotional issues, you avoid them as it seems like a waste of your precious time. You have to understand that ignoring emotional troubles does not solve them. What your doing is building an emotional time bomb that may burst a week before your mains or prelims! This is where your MENTOR AS A FRIEND comes in. All our mentors have been through this journey. We understand your fears and anxieties. So, TALK IT OUT.
Don’t let inconsistency keep you away from your dreams.
Fill up the SAMANVAYA form given below. Let us know your problems and we will find a solution to it, just like our students say ” TOGETHER WE CAN AND WE WILL”. BOOK YOUR SLOT FOR YOUR FREE 1-0N-1 COUNSELLING SESSION IN THE NEXT 24 HOURS
How has Civilsdaily Mentorship, helped Aspirants become Toppers?
The most difficult challenge faced by EVERY candidate is inconsistency. Be it inconsistency in studies, answer-writing practice, covering the syllabus, or revision, every candidate finds it difficult to cope with. Buthow do successful candidates manage to FIGHT Inconsistency so consistently?
In UPSC 2020, Civilsdaily helped 80+ students secure ranks in their exams. In the top 100, every 3rd ranker was a Civilsdaily student.
A very recent success story would be Vishwa Shah, student of Civilsdaily Mentor, Sukanya Ma’am. Vishwa has cleared the GPSC exam to become the Deputy Superintendent of Police in Gujarat. He has penned a thank-you note yesterday. Heartiest Congratulations to Vishwa!
One of our other Civilsdaily Student, Shubham Nagargojecleared the exams in 2020 to become an IPS Officer. Shubham was gracious enough to let us know how he felt about Civilsdaily Samanvaya Guidance under Parth sir.
To know how all of them cleared the exam with our mentorship, visit the UnherdPodcast.
Now that results are announced for UPSC 2021 Prelims, out of 15 out of 25 students of Santhosh Gupta sir have been recommended to Mains. One such student, Rahul expresses his gratitude and extends his appreciation.
Most of our Mentors like Sudhanshu sir, Sajal sir, Santhosh sir, Pravin sir, Parth Verma sir and Sukanya Ma’am were UPSC aspirants themselves and have attended UPSC Mains more than five times and UPSC Interview more than twice. Hence their mentorship is always a blend of the best test series, comprehensive notes and current affairs knowledge.
All of them dedicate their time weekly to give 1-on-1 mentorship to every student where they discuss last week’s performance and next week’s approach.
Be it Telegram, Whatsapp or Habitiat channels, they are always available and clear student’s doubts in a turnaround time of 24 Hours.
Why Civilsdaily Mentors are the GPS for Your UPSC-CSE Preparation
Remember there is always light at the end of the tunnel and if you want to get out of the tunnel you have to follow the direction of the light! Our mentors’ give you direction which is divided into daily modules. All you have to do is study and complete them on time.
As every year passes by, we don’t get confident by the previous years’ performance and become laidback. Instead, we become more hungry to convert all our students into toppers.REGISTER HERE TO SCHEDULE YOUR FIRST FREE SAMANVAYA COUNSELLING SESSION IN NEXT 24 HOURS
How are Current Civilsdaily Students Gearing up for UPSC-CSE 2022?
Initially, our Civilsdaily student Smriti wasn’t confident about Prelims when she began her preparation. Though she had joined Civilsdaily in 2020, she started studying for UPSC-CSE back in 2019. At that time, Smriti had enrolled in multiple institutes. Though, most of these institutes had promised a personal mentor, she was unable to get in touch with them on a daily basis. Also those mentors never scheduled test-series on a weekly basis. Hence, despite preparing for a year, Smriti had scored only 35 marks out of 200 in her first test series by Civilsdaily.
She then started writing 20-25 test series over the course of UAP 2021 and in her last test, her scores have drastically improved. She now scores in the range of 130-135 marks in prelims’ and 110+ in mains’ papers.
In Smriti’s own words she describes her Samanvaya Mentorship Experience to be —
“Our parents provide us financial and emotional support, friends provide us moral support and the right mentor gives you logistic and logical support for UPSC. There are days when I felt I won’t be able to compete against lakhs of aspirants. That’s when my mentor, Ravi sir reminded me of my improvement and encouraged me that I can crack it with the same consistency. We need someone, who tells us we are performing well especially when we cannot see that ourselves. The mentorship at Civilsdaily helped me become mentally stronger as a person. In other institutes, mentors are allotted only for doubt resolution. But at Civilsdaily, I am getting end-to-end mentorship via value added notes, classes, test series and detailed evaluation.”
Similarly our another Civilsdaily student, Ashishsums up his Samanvaya experience with Civilsdaily mentor,Pravin Sir, “Because of Pravin sir’s support, I am able to understand a topic in lesser time.”
This is how Pravin sir evaluates Ashish’s Mains Test Series every week. After every test series evaluation, Pravin sir schedules a 1 hour call to discuss how Ashish can improve his marks and the sources he can refer for key topics.
It’s Your Turn Get the Free 40 Min Counselling Session By a CD Mentor
Civilsdaily mentors are so dedicated, consistent and focused for your UPSC goal, that you will eventually become focused into turning your dreams to reality.
At the core of Civilsdaily UPSC mentorship, lies the fact that each one of you will have a unique journey while preparing for the exam. Some will get through on the first attempt without much effort while others will take both more time and more effort.
We want to understand you better to help you optimize your journey so you can focus on the right things and not waste time on the wrong ones. We are asking you to tap into the valuable experiences of mentors who underwent the same grind and realize the pitfalls and understand the shortcuts to make it.
In the first counselling session, we will understand your weaknesses. We then help you to stick to one plan or strategy throughout your preparation. We will then follow up with you on a daily basis to check if you are right on track. TALK TO OUR MENTORS & CLARIFY YOUR DOUBTS NOW
A sneak peek into our 1-1 mentoring session for Prelims
Civilsdaily helped 100+ aspirants get ranks in UPSC 2020. We helped 30 students secure ranks in the Top 100. After speaking with them personally on our UNHERD platform, we understood that there was one thing that was common between all the rankers!
All the rankers committed themselves and NEVER postponed their preparation. They did not waste a single day but started preparing immediately. We also asked them WHY did they start immediately and did not wait?
You will fall into a vicious cycle – Our toppers said that if aspirants do not start preparing immediately, they often fall into a vicious cycle of doubt and confusion. They wait for the right moment to start preparing but keep delaying it for numerous reasons like work, college, not-ready, etc. The more time they waste, the more confused they get, and the syllabus starts piling up. The toppers told us that the best thing they did was to start immediately and it helped them succeed!
Lack of self-analysis can cost you 3-4 years – The toppers revealed that self-analysis is one of the most important things for an aspirant. You need to know the syllabus, the previous year questions for every topic, your strengths, your weaknesses, your learning speed, the best time to study, how to plan the study, etc. Most aspirants who fail the exam do not do self-analysis and just keep reading. This does not help as it wastes a lot of their time. In fact, if you are not sure about your strengths and weaknesses, it could easily cost you 3-4 years in preparation. The toppers also told us that they asked mentors for assessments when they felt confused. Self-analysis helped them focus on their weaknesses and improve them. And finally, they were able to crack the exam.
UPSC is the biggest killer of self-belief – Our toppers told us that the UPSC exam is so tough and vast that it often kills an aspirant’s self-confidence. It becomes extremely difficult for them to remain consistent and motivated for the entire year. The rankers revealed that when they faced inconsistency and lacked self-confidence, they often spoke with their mentors who guided them. They found help in the mentors who understood their concerns and kept them motivated, especially when they felt down and depressed. This helped the rankers become consistent and prepare with the same energy every day!
Self-study with no guidance doesn’t help – The rankers of 2020 told us that preparing for UPSC is like walking on a desert. You will be lost without a guide. They said that even when they were self-studying, they kept asking for guidance from mentors. What to study, what not to study, how to improve their answers, which areas to focus on, etc. The toppers stayed constantly in touch with mentors who helped them at every step. They did the hard work themselves but it would have been a waste if the hard work was not in the right direction.
Always overachieve your daily target by 25% – The toppers said that they had a study plan with targets for every day! But that was not all. They always tried to overachieve the targets by at least 25%. Every time they overachieved, it gave them the confidence to do the same every day. And by the end of their preparation, they had a clear advantage over other aspirants because they studied 25% more than everyone, every single day!
The toppers of 2020 told us that their handwork, right guidance, and smart planning at an early stage helped them succeed. They said that they did not want to postpone their preparation even by a single day as it would cost them ranks. And they were right! They started preparing immediately and are now rank-holders in UPSC!
While UPSC 2023 may seem like a year away from now, looking at the syllabus one can say it’s just about the right time away. As Prelims 2022 approaches in June, more and more aspirants will realising how close they are to 2023 and begin preparing immediately. But it may just be too late by then!
If you are reading this today, you are in luck. You have the opportunity to realise the urgency immediately. March has just begun and you can have an advantage of at least siix months over other aspirants if you start preparing today. And even with a year in your hand, it would take a high level of extremely focused study to crack the exam in June 2023.
The fact is this: You CANNOT waste a single day in experimenting, hunting for resources, trying to collect reading material, etc. Every day from today is more valuable than anything you can imagine, and this is the time to focus with every bit of concentration you have.
Given the time constraint and the urgency of the situation, you need to be practical. Speak with our mentors and get your preparation organised. Our mentors can help you streamline your preparation within 24 hours and will help you save precious time. Right now, nothing is more valuable than your time and if you wish to use it effectively, all it would take is a call with our mentors.
The urgency is real, you can calculate yourself. And every moment you waste is an opportunity wasted. All you need to do is fill this form and our senior mentors will get in touch with you, with a solution designed especially for you! Speak with us, now as it’s a free 1-on-1 mentorship session with 40 minutes dedicated only for you.
Get Motivated to Maintain Overall Consistency for UPSC
It’s understandable we are humans and not programmable robots who can maintain the same level of interest everyday. However, maintaining an overall consistency throughout our preparation is neccessary to clear this competitive and vast exam.
Our philosophy behind MENTORSHIP is to get you out of this Snooze cycle. This ensures that you are the BEST VERSION of yourself in this journey. If you are under the impression that mentorship is weekly calls you attend, then you are mistaken, my friend. Trust us, your mentor will be your ‘FRIEND, PHILOSOPHER AND GUIDE’.
TO EACH THEIR OWN – Every aspirant is different. Their strengths and weaknesses are different. Their time availability is also different. Identifying this is important so you don’t end up making unrealistic targets and lose momentum. Your mentor will make sure you start slow but remain consistent to build your confidence. Making your schedule structured based on our experience of working with 2500+ students is our first priority.
TRACK YOUR PROGRESS – When you see yourself grow, it becomes easier to motivate yourself to push boundaries. Tracking your progress can happen in many ways like mentorship calls or chat sessions or by regular tests. The idea is to ensure that you don’t go off track in your preparation, and even if you do, we have your back.
EVOLUTION – A constant guidance is important to bring consistency to your UPSC preparation. Guidance is not about clearing your doubts or asking you to study when you don’t. It is also about the evolution of your preparation. This is where you and your mentor work as a team. A constant effort to PLAN AND BUILD UP YOUR ABILITY to learn in a faster and more efficient way.
TALK IT OUT – The biggest hurdle in achieving your highest level of consistency is the emotional part. Every now and then, you. surround yourself with negative thoughts, you feel scared and depressed. Instead of resolving these emotional issues, you avoid them as it seems like a waste of your precious time. You have to understand that ignoring emotional troubles does not solve them. What your doing is building an emotional time bomb that may burst a week before your mains or prelims! This is where your MENTOR AS A FRIEND comes in. All our mentors have been through this journey. We understand your fears and anxieties. So, TALK IT OUT.
Don’t let inconsistency keep you away from your dreams.
Fill up the SAMANVAYA form given below. Let us know your problems and we will find a solution to it, just like our students say ” TOGETHER WE CAN AND WE WILL”. BOOK YOUR SLOT FOR YOUR FREE 1-0N-1 COUNSELLING SESSION IN THE NEXT 24 HOURS
How has Civilsdaily Mentorship, helped Aspirants become Toppers?
The most difficult challenge faced by EVERY candidate is inconsistency. Be it inconsistency in studies, answer-writing practice, covering the syllabus, or revision, every candidate finds it difficult to cope with. Buthow do successful candidates manage to FIGHT Inconsistency so consistently?
In UPSC 2020, Civilsdaily helped 80+ students secure ranks in their exams. In the top 100, every 3rd ranker was a Civilsdaily student.
A very recent success story would be Vishwa Shah, student of Civilsdaily Mentor, Sukanya Ma’am. Vishwa has cleared the GPSC exam to become the Deputy Superintendent of Police in Gujarat. He has penned a thank-you note yesterday. Heartiest Congratulations to Vishwa!
One of our other Civilsdaily Student, Shubham Nagargojecleared the exams in 2020 to become an IPS Officer. Shubham was gracious enough to let us know how he felt about Civilsdaily Samanvaya Guidance under Parth sir.
To know how all of them cleared the exam with our mentorship, visit the UnherdPodcast.
Now that results are announced for UPSC 2021 Prelims, out of 15 out of 25 students of Santhosh Gupta sir have been recommended to Mains. One such student, Rahul expresses his gratitude and extends his appreciation.
Most of our Mentors like Sudhanshu sir, Sajal sir, Santhosh sir, Pravin sir, Parth Verma sir and Sukanya Ma’am were UPSC aspirants themselves and have attended UPSC Mains more than five times and UPSC Interview more than twice. Hence their mentorship is always a blend of the best test series, comprehensive notes and current affairs knowledge.
All of them dedicate their time weekly to give 1-on-1 mentorship to every student where they discuss last week’s performance and next week’s approach.
Be it Telegram, Whatsapp or Habitiat channels, they are always available and clear student’s doubts in a turnaround time of 24 Hours.
Why Civilsdaily Mentors are the GPS for Your UPSC-CSE Preparation
Remember there is always light at the end of the tunnel and if you want to get out of the tunnel you have to follow the direction of the light! Our mentors’ give you direction which is divided into daily modules. All you have to do is study and complete them on time.
As every year passes by, we don’t get confident by the previous years’ performance and become laidback. Instead, we become more hungry to convert all our students into toppers.REGISTER HERE TO SCHEDULE YOUR FIRST FREE SAMANVAYA COUNSELLING SESSION IN NEXT 24 HOURS
How are Current Civilsdaily Students Gearing up for UPSC-CSE 2022?
Initially, our Civilsdaily student Smriti wasn’t confident about Prelims when she began her preparation. Though she had joined Civilsdaily in 2020, she started studying for UPSC-CSE back in 2019. At that time, Smriti had enrolled in multiple institutes. Though, most of these institutes had promised a personal mentor, she was unable to get in touch with them on a daily basis. Also those mentors never scheduled test-series on a weekly basis. Hence, despite preparing for a year, Smriti had scored only 35 marks out of 200 in her first test series by Civilsdaily.
She then started writing 20-25 test series over the course of UAP 2021 and in her last test, her scores have drastically improved. She now scores in the range of 130-135 marks in prelims’ and 110+ in mains’ papers.
In Smriti’s own words she describes her Samanvaya Mentorship Experience to be —
“Our parents provide us financial and emotional support, friends provide us moral support and the right mentor gives you logistic and logical support for UPSC. There are days when I felt I won’t be able to compete against lakhs of aspirants. That’s when my mentor, Ravi sir reminded me of my improvement and encouraged me that I can crack it with the same consistency. We need someone, who tells us we are performing well especially when we cannot see that ourselves. The mentorship at Civilsdaily helped me become mentally stronger as a person. In other institutes, mentors are allotted only for doubt resolution. But at Civilsdaily, I am getting end-to-end mentorship via value added notes, classes, test series and detailed evaluation.”
Similarly our another Civilsdaily student, Ashishsums up his Samanvaya experience with Civilsdaily mentor,Pravin Sir, “Because of Pravin sir’s support, I am able to understand a topic in lesser time.”
This is how Pravin sir evaluates Ashish’s Mains Test Series every week. After every test series evaluation, Pravin sir schedules a 1 hour call to discuss how Ashish can improve his marks and the sources he can refer for key topics.
It’s Your Turn Get the Free 40 Min Counselling Session By a CD Mentor
Civilsdaily mentors are so dedicated, consistent and focused for your UPSC goal, that you will eventually become focused into turning your dreams to reality.
At the core of Civilsdaily UPSC mentorship, lies the fact that each one of you will have a unique journey while preparing for the exam. Some will get through on the first attempt without much effort while others will take both more time and more effort.
We want to understand you better to help you optimize your journey so you can focus on the right things and not waste time on the wrong ones. We are asking you to tap into the valuable experiences of mentors who underwent the same grind and realize the pitfalls and understand the shortcuts to make it.
In the first counselling session, we will understand your weaknesses. We then help you to stick to one plan or strategy throughout your preparation. We will then follow up with you on a daily basis to check if you are right on track. TALK TO OUR MENTORS & CLARIFY YOUR DOUBTS NOW
The Union government has urged the Supreme Court to help lay down a law with a “long–lasting” implication for the country on the subject of Foreigners’ Right to approach local courts for relief after violating their visa conditions.
Why in news?
The government’s request came during the hearing of petitions filed by foreign nationals who were charged with violating COVID-19 guidelines by participating in a religious congregation in New Delhi during peak COVID outbreak.
Citizens vs. Foreigners Rights
Fundamental Rights available to both Citizens and Foreigners (except enemy aliens)
Fundamental Rights Available Only to Citizens of India
Article 14 – Equality before the law and equal protection of laws
Article 20 – Protection in respect of conviction for offences
Article 21 – Protection of life and personal liberty
Article 21A – Right to elementary education
Article 22 – Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
Article 23 – Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
Article 24 – Prohibition of employment of children in factories etc
Article 25 – Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
Article 26 – Freedom to manage religious affairs
Article 27 – Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of any religion
Article 28 – Freedom from attending religious instruction or worship in certain educational institutions
Article 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
Article 16 – Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
Article 19 – Protection of six rights related to freedom – (a) of speech and expression; (b) to assemble peaceably and without arms; (c) to form associations or unions; (d) to move freely throughout the territory of India; (e) to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India; and (f) to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business
Article 29 – Protection of language, script and culture of minorities
Article 30 – Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
Kerala has yet again emerged on top when it comes to maternal and child health, with the State recording the lowest Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) of 30 (per one lakh live births) in the country.
What is Maternal Mortality?
Maternal mortality refers to deaths due to complications from pregnancy or childbirth.
The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 live births during the same time period.
It depicts the risk of maternal death relative to the number of live births and essentially captures the risk of death in a single pregnancy or a single live birth.
Trends in India
India’s maternal mortality ratio (MMR) has improved to 103 in 2017-19, from 113 in 2016-18.
Seven Indian states have very high maternal mortality. These are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Odisha and Assam.
The MMR is ‘high’ in Punjab, Uttarakhand and West Bengal. This means 100-130 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
It is ‘low’ in Haryana and Karnataka.
The states of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar have seen the most drop in MMR.
West Bengal, Haryana, Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh have recorded an increase in MMR over the last survey.
The Mumbai Climate Action Plan (MCAP) has laid down a 30-year road map for the city to tackle the challenges of climate change by adopting inclusive and robust mitigation and adaptation strategies.
What is MCAP ?
The MCAP has set short-, medium- and long-term climate goals aimed towards zero emission of greenhouse gas or a net-zero target for 2050.
It focuses on priority across six strategic areas:
Sustainable waste management
Urban greening and biodiversity
Urban flooding and water resource management,
Energy and buildings
Air quality and
Sustainable mobility
Features of the plan
The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) prepared the plan with technical support from the World Resources Institute (WRI), India and the C40 Cities network.
It concentrates on the city, its ecological, cultural and economical landscapes.
The plan throws light on the current climate of the city called Baseline Assessment—climate and air pollution risks, greenhouse gas inventory.
The plan then assesses future trajectories in the business-as-usual scenarios and assesses future emission reduction scenarios to make Mumbai net-zero by 2050.
Why does Mumbai need a climate action plan?
As per a study conducted by WRI India on Mumbai’s vulnerability assessment, the city will face two major challenges—temperature rise, and extreme rain events which lead to flooding.
The city is already witnessing a warming trend.
The analysis has revealed a warming trend over 47 years (1973-2020) with an increase of 0.25°C per decade for the city.
What is the current greenhouse gas emission?
In 2019, which is taken as a base year, Mumbai’s GHG emissions were 23.42 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emission, which is 1.8 tonnes CO2e per person.
Out of which, 16.9 million tonnes or 72 per cent is from the energy sector, followed by 4.56 million tonnes of CO2 e or 20 per cent from the transportation sector.
The city’s waste sector contributes to a total of eight per cent of the total emissions.
Most of the city’s emissions come from energy use in residential buildings followed by commercial buildings and transport.
Electricity consumption contributes significantly to total emissions (64.3%), due to the city’s predominantly coal-based grid.
The United States has approved a $200-million arms package for Ukraine, which would include US made Stinger Missiles, which are a type of shoulder-fired Man-Portable Air-Defence Systems (MANPADS).
What are MANPADS?
Man-Portable Air-Defence Systems are short-range, lightweight and portable surface-to-air missiles that can be fired by individuals or small groups to destroy aircraft or helicopters.
They help shield troops from aerial attacks and are most effective in targeting low-flying aircrafts.
MANPATs or Man-Portable Anti-Tank Systems work in a similar manner but are used to destroy or incapacitate military tanks.
Uniqueness of MANPADS
MANPADS can be shoulder-fired, launched from atop a ground-vehicle, fired from a tripod or stand, and from a helicopter or boat.
They weigh anywhere between 10 to 20 kilograms and not being longer than 1.8 metres.
They are fairly lightweight as compared to other elaborate weapon systems, making them easy to operate by individual soldiers.
Operating MANPADS requires substantially less training.
MANPADS have a maximum range of 8 kilometres and can engage targets at altitudes of 4.5 km.
Stealth features
They have passive or ‘fire and forget’ guidance systems, meaning that the operator is not required to guide the missile to its target, enabling them to run and relocate immediately after firing.
The missile stays locked-on to the targeted object, not requiring active guidance from the soldier.
The missiles are fitted with infrared (IR) seekers that identify and target the airborne vehicle through heat radiation being emitted by the latter.
India’s retail inflation inched up to an eight-month high of 6.07% in February from 6.01% in January, with rural India experiencing a sharper price rise at 6.38%.
What is Retail Inflation?
When we generally talk about retail inflation, it often refers to the rate of inflation based on the consumer price index (CPI).
The CPI tracks the change in retail prices of goods and services which households purchase for their daily consumption.
The CPI monitors retail prices at a certain level for a particular commodity; price movement of goods and services at rural, urban and all-India levels.
The change in the price index over a period of time is referred to as CPI-based inflation, or retail inflation.
What is Consumer Price Index (CPI)?
It is an index measuring retail inflation in the economy by collecting the change in prices of most common goods and services used by consumers.
In India, there are four consumer price index numbers, which are calculated, and these are as follows:
CPI for Industrial Workers (IW)
CPI for Agricultural Labourers (AL)
CPI for Rural Labourers (RL) and
CPI for Urban Non-Manual Employees (UNME).
While the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation collects CPI (UNME) data and compiles it, the remaining three are collected by the Labour Bureau in the Ministry of Labour.
The base year for CPI is 2012.
To calculate CPI, multiply 100 to the fraction of the cost price of the current period and the base period.
Significance of CPI
Generally, CPI is used as a macroeconomic indicator of inflation, as a tool by the central bank and government for inflation targeting and for inspecting price stability, and as deflator in the national accounts.
CPI also helps understand the real value of salaries, wages, and pensions, the purchasing power of the nation’s currency, and regulating rates.
CPI, one of the most important statistics to ascertain economic health, is generally based on the weighted average of the prices of commodities.
It basically gives an idea of the cost of the standard of living.
