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[13th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ED: Inter-State rivalry that is fuelling India’s growth

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2020] How far do you think cooperation, competition and confrontation have shaped the nature of federation in India? Cite some recent examples to validate your answer. Linkage: The article highlights how State-level competition for investment is reshaping India’s federal structure into a more dynamic, State-driven model. This directly reflects the PYQ’s focus… Continue reading [13th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ED: Inter-State rivalry that is fuelling India’s growth

How grassroots movements and campaigns are shaping India

INTRODUCTION India’s development story is incomplete without recognising the individuals, communities and voluntary organisations working at the grassroots who transform adversity into resilience. Through examples from Subroto Bagchi, Bela Bhatia, and other chroniclers of grassroots India, the article illustrates how local aspirations, bottom-up leadership, and rights-based activism challenge structural inequalities and drive social transformation. These… Continue reading How grassroots movements and campaigns are shaping India

Ricin: the new Bio-Weapon

Why in the News? Recent investigations after the Delhi Bomb Blast revealed a plot to use ricin, a deadly biological toxin, for large-scale terror attacks. About Ricin: Origin: Ricin is a highly toxic protein derived from the mash left after processing castor beans (Ricinus communis) for castor oil. Discovery: First isolated in 1888 by German… Continue reading Ricin: the new Bio-Weapon

Low taxes spur buying but jobs and incomes will have to grow

Introduction India’s economy is witnessing strong domestic demand supported by lower income tax and GST rates, easing inflation, a healthy monsoon, and lower interest rates. However, external uncertainties, high U.S. tariffs on Indian exports, and weak goods-export momentum pose headwinds. While consumption, services exports, and government capital expenditure show strength, India’s long-term growth will depend… Continue reading Low taxes spur buying but jobs and incomes will have to grow

Row over National Anthem

Why in the News? A Karnataka MP has claimed that Rabindranath Tagore composed ‘Jana Gana Mana’ as a welcome song for British officials, reigniting an old debate about its intent. About the National Anthem ‘Jana Gana Mana’: Composition: Written by Rabindranath Tagore on December 11, 1911, in Sanskritised Bengali, as part of the five-stanza hymn… Continue reading Row over National Anthem

Supreme Court reserves verdict on defining Aravalli Hills and Ranges

Why in the News? The Supreme Court has reserved its verdict on the definition of the Aravalli Hills and Ranges, a critical environmental issue impacting Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. About the Aravallis: Geology: The Aravalli Range is one of the oldest fold mountain ranges in the world, formed during the Proterozoic era. Spread: It… Continue reading Supreme Court reserves verdict on defining Aravalli Hills and Ranges

New Royalty Rates of Critical Minerals

Why in the News? The Union Cabinet approved the rationalisation of royalty rates for graphite, caesium, rubidium, and zirconium to strengthen India’s domestic mineral base and reduce import dependency. About the New Royalty Rates: The Union Cabinet has approved revised ad valorem royalty rates (percentage of average sale price) for four key minerals- graphite, caesium,… Continue reading New Royalty Rates of Critical Minerals

Climate Risk Index (CRI) 2026

Why in the News? A new German watch report, ‘Climate Risk Index 2026’, reveals worldwide extreme weather claimed over 8lakh lives between 1995-2024. About the Climate Risk Index (CRI), 2026: Publisher: Released annually by Germanwatch to rank countries based on the real, observed human and economic impacts of extreme weather events. Focus: Measures actual climate… Continue reading Climate Risk Index (CRI) 2026

[12th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Exploited workers, a labour policy’s empty promises

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2024] Discuss the merits and demerits of the four ‘Labour Codes’ in the context of labour market reforms in India. What has been the progress so far in this regard? Linkage: Building directly on the same reform trajectory, the draft Shram Shakti Niti 2025 extends the labour codes’ framework of ease of… Continue reading [12th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Exploited workers, a labour policy’s empty promises

Discord between Supreme Court and Centre over tribunals

Introduction Tribunals were established to reduce case pendency and offer specialized adjudication. However, the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021 and earlier ordinances have led to repeated confrontations between the judiciary and the executive. The heart of the issue is who controls tribunal appointments, tenure, and conditions of service, key determinants of their independence. Why in the… Continue reading Discord between Supreme Court and Centre over tribunals

​Fishing troubles: On India, Sri Lanka, the Palk Bay fishing issue

Introduction The Palk Bay, a narrow strip separating Tamil Nadu from Sri Lanka, has historically been a shared fishing zone. However, repeated arrests of Indian fishermen for crossing the International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL) underline a persistent challenge. Bottom trawling, a destructive fishing practice, has been the core issue fueling ecological degradation, diplomatic tension, and… Continue reading ​Fishing troubles: On India, Sri Lanka, the Palk Bay fishing issue

What is the Rare Earth Hypothesis?

Why in the News? This newscard is an excerpt from the original article published in The Hindu. What is the Rare Earth Hypothesis? About: Proposed by Peter Ward (palaeontologist) and Donald Brownlee (astronomer) in 2000, it suggests that simple life (like microbes) may be common, but complex life (like plants and animals) is extremely rare… Continue reading What is the Rare Earth Hypothesis?

[pib] India’s First MWh-Scale Vanadium Redox Flow Battery at NTPC NETRA 

Why in the News? The Union Ministry of Power has inaugurated India’s largest and first MWh-scale Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) of 3 MWh capacity at NETRA, NTPC’s R&D Centre in Greater Noida. About the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB): Overview: A rechargeable flow battery that stores energy in liquid electrolytes containing vanadium ions in… Continue reading [pib] India’s First MWh-Scale Vanadium Redox Flow Battery at NTPC NETRA 

[PDF] UPSC Mains Results Announced

Dear all, It’s a moment of immense pride for us. We will not just share the names and numbers. We will walk you through each student’s journey: how their days, months looked like. the number of calls made, the milestones achieved, and the challenges they overcame.

[11th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: A celebration of India-Bhutan ties

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2024] Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of Maldives for India with a focus on global trade and energy flows. Further, also discuss how this relationship affects India’s maritime security and regional stability amidst international competition. Linkage: This PYQ reflects the same strategic framework as India-Bhutan relations; where geography, stability, and mutual… Continue reading [11th November 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: A celebration of India-Bhutan ties

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