Consider the following statements:
1. According to the Indian Patents Act, a biological process to create a seed can be patented in India.
2. In India, there is no Intellectual Property Appellate Board.
3. Plant varieties are not eligible to be patented in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Subject: Governance
Important aspects of Society
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Consider the following statements
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Consider the following statements
Consider the following statements:
1. Aadhaar metadata cannot be stored for more than three months.
2. State cannot enter into any contract with private corporations for sharing of Aadhaar data.
3. Aadhaar is mandatory for obtaining insurance products.
4. Aadhaar is mandatory for getting benefits funded out of the Consolidated Fund of
India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? -
With reference to India, consider the following statements
With reference to India, consider the following statements:
1.When a prisoner makes out a sufficient case, parole cannot be denied to such a prisoner because it becomes a matter of his/her right.
2.State Governments have their own Prisoners Release on Parole Rules.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
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Consider the following statements
Consider the following statements :
1. The India Sanitation Coalition is a platform to promote sustainable sanitation and is funded by the Government of India and the World Health Organization.
2. The National Institute of Urban Affairs is an apex body of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs in Government of India and provides innovative solutions to address the challenges of Urban India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? -
Consider the following statements
Consider the following statements :
Statement-I :
In India, prisons are managed by State Governments with their own rules and regulations for the day-to-day administration of prisons.
Statement-II:
In India, prisons are governed by the Prisons Act, 1894 which expressly kept the subject of prisons in the control of Provincial Governments.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? -
Consider the following statements
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
India’s public sector health care system largely focuses on curative care with limited preventive, promotive and rehabiliative care.
Statement-II:
Under India’s decentralized approach to health care delivery, the States are primarily responsible for organizing health services.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? -
With reference to India, consider the following pairs
With reference to India, consider the following pairs:
Action: The Act under which it is covered
1. Unauthorized wearing of police or military uniforms : The Official Secrets Act, 1923
2. Knowingly misleading or otherwise interfering with a police officer or military officer when engaged in their duties : The Indian Evidence Act, 1872
3. Celebratory gunfire which can endanger the personal safety of others : The Arms (Amendment) Act, 2019
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? -
Abhigyan App and NAFIS
Why in the news?
The Union Home Minister, Amit Shah, launched Abhigyan, a mobile application developed by the National Crime Records Bureau that enables police personnel to identify suspects through portable fingerprint scanning linked to the national fingerprint database.
Abhigyan App
- Enables police officers to capture fingerprints using portable scanners and smartphones.
- Connected to the National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS).
- Can match fingerprints with national records in about 35 seconds.
- Features:
- Real-time identification
- Mobile access to criminal records
- Two-factor authentication
- Field-level policing support
National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS)
- Launched in 2022 by NCRB.
- A centralized biometric database of Criminal suspects, Arrested persons, Convicts, and Prison inmates
- Contains over 1.3 crore fingerprint records.
- Facilitates nationwide sharing and matching of fingerprint data.
Legal Basis
- Based on the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022.
- Authorizes collection of biometric measurements including Fingerprints, Palm prints, Iris and retina scans, Photographs, and Biological samples
Significance
- Faster identification of repeat offenders and absconders.
- Strengthens inter-state criminal tracking.
- Supports crime investigation and law enforcement.
- Raises concerns regarding Privacy, Data protection, and Scope of biometric collection from individuals not formally accused.
Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022
- Replaced the Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920.
- Expands the categories of persons whose biometric data can be collected.
- NCRB is designated as the central repository of records.
- Data may generally be retained for 75 years, subject to prescribed conditions.
[2018] In addition to fingerprint scanning, which of the following can be used in the biometric identification of a person?
1. Iris scanning
2. Retinal scanning
3. Voice recognition
Select the correct answer using the code given below.[A] 1 only
[B] 2 and 3 only
[C] 1 and 3 only
[D] 1, 2 and 3
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NIXI Celebrates 23rd Foundation Day
Why in News?
The National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) is celebrating its 23rd Foundation Day on 19 June 2026, highlighting its role in strengthening India’s internet infrastructure and digital ecosystem.
About NIXI
- Established under the aegis of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
- Not-for-profit organization promoting internet growth and resilience in India.
- Functions:
- Management of ‘.IN’ and ‘.भारत’ country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs).
- Internet Exchange (IX) services.
- Allocation of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses through the Indian Registry for Internet Names and Numbers (IRINN).
Key Achievements
- Manages over 3.9 million .IN domain names.
- India is among the top 10 country-code domain registries globally.
- Operates 79 Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) across the country.
- Supports domain names in 22 Indian languages.
- Facilitated migration of banking platforms to the .bank.in domain.
- India’s IPv6 penetration has reached 78.34%.
New Initiative
- Launch of an AI-Powered WHOIS Screening Platform.
- Aim: Improve trustworthiness of the .IN domain ecosystem. Strengthen domain security and fraud detection.
Key Terms
- Internet Exchange Point (IXP): Physical infrastructure through which Internet Service Providers (ISPs) exchange domestic internet traffic. Reduces latency and international bandwidth costs.
- WHOIS: A public database that stores information about domain name registration, ownership, and administrative details.
- IPv6: Latest version of the Internet Protocol. Provides a vastly larger address space than IPv4.
Significance
- Enhances India’s digital sovereignty.
- Strengthens internet security and resilience.
- Promotes multilingual internet access.
- Supports the vision of a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.
[2018] Which one of the following links all the ATMs in India?
a) Indian Banks’ Association
b) National Securities Depository Limited
c) National Payments Corporation of India
c) Reserve Bank of India
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Coal Exchange Rules, 2026
Why in the news?
The Ministry of Coal notified the Coal Exchange Rules, 2026 on 4 June 2026, paving the way for the establishment of Coal Exchanges in India. The initiative aims to modernise coal marketing through transparent, competitive, and market-driven trading.
Background
- Legal Basis: The concept of Coal Exchanges emerged from the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2025
- The amendment:
- Introduced the concept of a Mineral Exchange.
- Empowered the Central Government to facilitate transparent mineral trading.
- Covers: Coal, Processed forms of coal, Other notified minerals.
What is a Coal Exchange?
A Coal Exchange is an organised electronic marketplace where multiple buyers and sellers can trade coal through transparent mechanisms.
- Traditional System: One seller → Many buyers to Exchange-Based System: Many sellers ↔ Many buyers
- Coal Exchanges will be authorised by the Coal Controller Organisation (CCO).
- Registration validity: 25 years
- Establish and operate trading platforms.
- Frame market rules and bye-laws.
- Facilitate coal transactions.
- Ensure compliance with regulations.
Role of Coal Controller Organisation (CCO)
- Established in 1945.
- Functions under the Ministry of Coal.
- Headquarters Kolkata.
- Functions
- Regulates coal quality.
- Collects and disseminates coal statistics.
- Ensures compliance with coal grading standards.
- Registers and regulates Coal Exchanges under the 2026 Rules.
[2022] In India, what is the role of the Coal Controller’s Organization (CCO)?
1.CCO is the major source of coal Statistics in Government of India.
2.It monitors progress of development of Captive Coal/ Lignite blocks.
3.It hears any objection to the Government’s notification relating to acquisition of coal-bearing areas.
4.It ensures that coal mining companies deliver the coal to end users in the prescribed time.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:[A] 1, 2 and 3
[B] 3 and 4 only
[C] 1 and 2 only
[D] 1, 2 and 4