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  • [Prelims Spotlight] Important Financial Institutions in News

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    This Spotlight is a part of our Mission Nikaalo Prelims-2022

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    Important Financial Institutions


    28 Apr 2022

    Development Finance Institutions

    The Need of DFIs

    Classification of DFIs

    All India DFIs Special DFIs Investment Institutions Refinance Institutions State Level DFIs
    Industrial Finance Corporation of India

    Industrial Development Bank of India

    Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)

    ICICI

    ICICI ceased to be a DFI and converted into a Bank on 30 March 2002.

    IDBI was converted into a Bank on 11 October 2004.

    EXIM Bank

    IFCI Venture Capitalist Fund

    Tourism Finance Corporation of India.

    IDFC.

    LIC

    Union Trust of India.

    General Insurance Corporation.

    National Housing Board.

    NABARD.

    State Financial Corporation.

    State Industrial Development Corporations.

    All India Development Finance Institutions

    IFCI ICICI IDBI SIDBI
    IFCI was the first DFI to be setup in 1948. It was setup in January 1995. The IDBI was initially set up as a Subsidiary of the RBI. In February 1976, IDBI was made fully autonomous. SIDBI was setup as a subsidiary of IDBI in 1989.
    With Effect from 1 July 1993, IFCI has been converted into Public Limited Company. With effect from April 2002, ICICI has been converted into a Bank. The IDBI was designated as apex organisation in the field of Development Financing. However, it was converted in a bank wef Oct 2004. The SIDBI was designated as apex organisation in the field of Small Scale Finance.The Union Budget of 1998-99 proposed the delinking of SIDBI from IDBI.
    The key function of IFCI was; granting long-term loans(25 years and above); Guaranteeing rupee loans floated in open markets by industries; Underwriting of shares and debentures; Providing guarantees for industries. The key functions of ICICI were; to provide long term or medium term loans or equity participation; Guaranteeing loans from other private sources; providing consultancy services to industry. The key functions of IDBI were; it provides refinance against loans granted to industries; it subscribed to the share capital and bond issues of other DFIs; it also acted as the coordinator of DFIs at all India level. The key function of SIDBI was; to provide assistance to small scale units; initiating steps for technological up gradation and modernization of SSIs; expanding the marketing channel for the Small Scale Industries product; promotion of employment creating SSIs.
    IFCI was a public sector DFI. The ICICI differed from IFCI and IDBI with respect to ownership, management and lending operation. ICICI was a Private sector DFI. It was a Public sector DFI.

    Investment Institutions

    Union Trust of India Life Insurance Company General Insurance Corporation
    The UTI was setup on Nov 1963 after Parliament passed the UTI Act. LIC was set up in 1956 after the insurance business was nationalised. The GIC was formed by the central government in 1971.
    The objective of UTI was to channel the savings of people into equities and corporate debts. The flagship scheme of the UTI was called Unit Scheme 64. The objective of LIC is to provide assistance in the form of term loans; subscription of shares and debentures;resource support to financial institutions and Life insurance coverages. The GIC had four subsidiaries; National Insurance Co; New India Assurance; Oriental Insurance; and United India Insurance.
    In 2002, the Union Cabinet had decided to split UTI into UTI 1 and UTI 2 as a result of the prolonged crisis in UTI. The General Insurance Nationalisation Amendment Act, 2002, has delinked the GIC from its four subsidiaries.

    Commercial Banks

    • Organised under the Banking Companies Act, 1956
    • They operate on a commercial basis and its main objective is profit.
    • They have a unified structure and are owned by the government, state, or any private entity.
    • They tend to all sectors ranging from rural to urban
    • These banks do not charge concessional interest rates unless instructed by the RBI
    • Public deposits are the main source of funds for these banks

    What are cooperative banks?

    • Cooperative banks are financial entities set up on a co-operative basis and belonging to their members.
    • This means that the customers of a cooperative bank are also its owners. They are registered under the States Cooperative Societies Act and they come under the RBI regulation under two laws:
    • Banking Regulations Act, 1949
    • Banking Laws (Cooperative Societies) Act, 1955
    • They aim to promote savings and investment habits among people, especially in rural areas.
    • These banks are broadly classified under two categories – Rural and Urban.
    • The rural cooperative credit institutions can be further classified into:
    • Short-term cooperative credit institutions
    • Long-credit institutions

    The short-term credit institutions can further be sub-divided into:

    • State cooperative banks
    • District Central Cooperative banks
    • Primary Agricultural Credit Societies

    Long-term institutions can either be:

    • State Cooperative Agricultural and Rural Development Banks (SCARDBs), or
    • Primary Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks (PCARDBs)
    • Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs) can be further classified into scheduled and non-scheduled.
    • The scheduled and unscheduled can either be operating in a single state or multi-state

    Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)

    • RRBs have Scheduled Commercial Banks operating at the regional level in different states of India. They are recognized under the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976 Act.
    • They have been created with a view of serving primarily the rural areas of India with basic banking and financial services.
    • However, RRBs may have branches set up for urban operations and their area of operation may include urban areas too.
    • The area of operation of RRBs is limited to the area covering one or more districts in the State.

    Their functions

    RRBs also perform a variety of different functions. RRBs perform various functions in the following heads:

    • Providing banking facilities to rural and semi-urban areas
    • Carrying out government operations like disbursement of wages of MGNREGA workers, distribution of pensions etc.
    • Providing Para-Banking facilities like locker facilities, debit and credit cards, mobile banking, internet banking, UPI etc.
    • Small financial banks etc.

    About NABARD

    • NABARD is an apex development financial institution in India, headquartered at Mumbai with regional offices all over India.
    • It is India’s specialised bank in providing credit for Agriculture and Rural Development in India.
    • The Bank has been entrusted with “matters concerning policy, planning and operations in the field of credit for agriculture and other economic activities in rural areas in India”.
    • It was established on the recommendations of B.Sivaraman Committee on 12 July 1982 to implement the NABARD Act 1981.
    • NABARD supervises State Cooperative Banks (StCBs), District Cooperative Central Banks (DCCBs), and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and conducts statutory inspections of these banks.

    About National Housing Bank

    • NHB is an All India Financial Institution (AIFl), set up in 1988, under the National Housing Bank Act, 1987.
    • The National Housing Policy, 1988 has envisaged the setting up of NHB as the Apex level institution for housing.
    • It is an apex agency established to operate as a principal agency to promote housing finance institutions both at local and regional levels.
    • It aims to provide financial and other support incidental to such institutions and for matters connected therewith.

    EXIM Bank

    • EXIM stands for Export-Import
    • Export-Import Bank of India is a wholly-owned Govt. of India entity
    • Established in 1982
    • HQ : New Delhi
    • Aim : financing, facilitating and promoting foreign trade of India.
    • The EXIM bank extends Line of Credit (loC) to overseas financial institutions, regional development banks, sovereign governments and other entities abroad.
    • Thus the EXIM Banks enables buyers in those countries to import developmental and infrastructure, equipment’s, goods and services from India on deferred credit terms.
    • The bank also facilitates investment by Indian companies abroad for setting up joint ventures, subsidiaries or overseas acquisitions.

    International Financial Services Centres

    • IFSCs are intended to provide Indian corporates with easier access to global financial markets, and to complement and promote further development of financial markets in India.
    • An IFSC enables bringing back the financial services and transactions that are currently carried out in offshore financial centres by Indian corporate entities and overseas branches/subsidiaries of financial institutions (FIs) to India.
    • This is done by offering business and regulatory environment that is comparable to other leading international financial centres in the world like London and Singapore.
    • The first IFSC in India has been set up at the Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City) in Gandhinagar.

    Banks Board Bureau

    • Banks Board Bureau is an autonomous body of Union Government of India
      It is tasked to improve the governance of Public Sector Banks, recommend the selection of chiefs of government-owned banks and financial institutions and to help banks in developing strategies and capital raising plans
    • It will have three ex-officio members and three expert members in addition to Chairman
    • Financial services secretary, deputy governor of the Reserve Bank of India and secretary- public enterprises are BBB’s ex-officio members

    Non-Banking Financial Companies

    • A Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is a company registered under the Companies Act, 1956 engaged in the business of loans and advances, acquisition of shares/stocks/bonds/debentures/securities issued by Government or local authority or other marketable securities of a like nature, leasing, hire-purchase, insurance business, chit business but does not include any institution whose principal business is that of agriculture activity, industrial activity, purchase or sale of any goods (other than securities) or providing any services and sale/purchase/construction of immovable property.
    • A non-banking institution which is a company and has a principal business of receiving deposits under any scheme or arrangement in one lump sum or in instalments by way of contributions or in any other manner is also a non-banking financial company (Residuary non-banking company).

    NBFCs are doing functions similar to banks. What is the difference between banks & NBFCs?

    NBFCs lend and make investments, and hence their activities are akin to that of banks; however, there are a few differences as given below:

    1. NBFC cannot accept demand deposits;
    2. NBFCs do not form part of the payment and settlement system and cannot issue cheques drawn on itself.
    3. Deposit insurance facility of Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation is not available to depositors of NBFCs, unlike in case of banks.
    4. Unlike Banks which are regulated by the RBI, the NBFCs are regulated by multiple regulators; Insurance Companies- IRDA, Merchant Banks- SEBI, Micro Finance Institutions- State Government, RBI and NABARD.
    5. The norm of Public Sector Lending does not apply to NBFCs.
    6. The Cash Reserve Requirement also does not apply to NBFCs.

    Classification and Categorization of NBFCs

    Asset Finance Company AN AFC is a company which is a financial institution whose principle business is the financing of physical assets such as automobiles, tractors, machines etc.
    Investment Company AN IC is any company which is a financial institution carrying on its principle business of acquisitions of securities.
    Loan Company LC is a financial institution whose primary business is of providing finance by making loans and advances.
    Infrastructure Finance Company IFC is an NBFC which deploys 75% of its total assets in infrastructure loans and has a minimum net owned fund of Re 300 Crore.
    Systematically Important Core Investment Company CIC is an NBFC carrying on the business of acquisition of shares and securities. CIC must satisfy the following conditions:It holds not less than 90% of its Total Assets in the form of investment in equity shares, preference shares, debt or loans in group companies;

    Its investments in the equity shares (including instruments compulsorily convertible into equity shares within a period not exceeding 10 years from the date of issue) in group companies constitutes not less than 60% of its Total Assets;

    (c) it does not trade in its investments in shares, debt or loans in group companies except through block sale for the purpose of dilution or disinvestment;

    (d) it does not carry on any other financial activity referred to in Section 45I(c) and 45I(f) of the RBI Act, 1934 except investment in bank deposits, money market instruments, government securities, loans to and investments in debt issuances of group companies or guarantees issued on behalf of group companies.

    (e) Its asset size is ₹ 100 crore or above and

    (f) It accepts public funds

    Infrastructure Debt Fund NBFC IDF NBFC primary role is to facilitate long term flow of debt into infrastructure projects. Only Infrastructure Finance Companies can sponsor IDF.
    Micro Finance NBFC MFI NBFC is a non-deposit taking NBFC having not less than 85% of its assets in the nature of qualifying assets which satisfy the following criteria:a) loan disbursed by a NBFC-MFI to a borrower with a rural household annual income not exceeding ₹ 1,00,000 or urban and semi-urban household income not exceeding ₹ 1,60,000;

    b. loan amount does not exceed 50,000 in the first cycle and 1,00,000 in subsequent cycles;

    c. total indebtedness of the borrower does not exceed 1,00,000;

    d. tenure of the loan not to be less than 24 months for the loan amount in excess of 15,000 with prepayment without penalty;

    e. loan to be extended without collateral;

    f. aggregate amount of loans, given for income generation, is not less than 50 per cent of the total loans given by the MFIs;

    g. loan is repayable on weekly, fortnightly or monthly instalments at the choice of the borrower

  • Free Live Webinar on How to utilize last 30 Days prudently for UPSC Prelims 2022 By Senior IAS Mentor Amoghavarsha Sir | Last chance to register  | Hurry Register Now

    Free Live Webinar on How to utilize last 30 Days prudently for UPSC Prelims 2022 By Senior IAS Mentor Amoghavarsha Sir | Last chance to register | Hurry Register Now

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  • [Prelims Spotlight] Important UN Organizations

    Dear Aspirants,

    This Spotlight is a part of our Mission Nikaalo Prelims-2022

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    Important UN Organizations in News


    27 Apr 2022

    United Nation Overview:

    • The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945.  It is currently made up of 193 Member States.  The mission and work of the United Nations are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter.
    • Due to the powers vested in its Charter and its unique international character, the United Nations can take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, climate change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies, gender equality, governance, food production, and more.
    • The UN also provides a forum for its members to express their views in the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and other bodies and committees. By enabling dialogue between its members, and by hosting negotiations, the Organization has become a mechanism for governments to find areas of agreement and solve problems together.
    • The main organs of the UN are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat.  All were established in 1945 when the UN was founded.

    General Assembly

    • The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the UN. All 193 Member States of the UN are represented in the General Assembly, making it the only UN body with universal representation.
    • Each year, in September, the full UN membership meets in the General Assembly Hall in New York for the annual General Assembly session, and general debate, which many heads of state attend and address. Decisions on important questions, such as those on peace and security, admission of new members and budgetary matters, require a two-thirds majority of the General Assembly.
    • Decisions on other questions are by a simple majority.  The General Assembly, each year, elects a GA President to serve a one-year term of office.

    Security Council

    The Security Council has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security.  It has 15 Members (5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members). Each Member has one vote. Under the Charter, all Member States are obligated to comply with Council decisions. The Security Council takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression. It calls upon the parties to a dispute to settle it by peaceful means and recommends methods of adjustment or terms of the settlement. In some cases, the Security Council can resort to imposing sanctions or even authorize the use of force to maintain or restore international peace and security.  The Security Council has a Presidency, which rotates, and changes, every month.

    Economic and Social Council

    The Economic and Social Council is the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the implementation of internationally agreed development goals. It serves as the central mechanism for activities of the UN system and its specialized agencies in the economic, social and environmental fields, supervising subsidiary and expert bodies.  It has 54 Members, elected by the General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms. It is the United Nations’ central platform for reflection, debate, and innovative thinking on sustainable development.

    Trusteeship Council

    The Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 by the UN Charter, under Chapter XIII, to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories that had been placed under the administration of seven Member States, and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government and independence. By 1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence.  The Trusteeship Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994. By a resolution adopted on 25 May 1994, the Council amended its rules of procedure to drop the obligation to meet annually and agreed to meet as occasion required — by its decision or the decision of its President, or at the request of a majority of its members or the General Assembly or the Security Council.

    International Court of Justice

    The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Its seat is at the Peace Palace in the Hague (Netherlands). It is the only one of the six principal organs of the United Nations not located in New York (United States of America). The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.

    Secretariat

    The Secretariat comprises the Secretary-General and tens of thousands of international UN staff members who carry out the day-to-day work of the UN as mandated by the General Assembly and the Organization’s other principal organs.  The Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer of the Organization, appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a five-year, renewable term. UN staff members are recruited internationally and locally, and work in duty stations and on peacekeeping missions all around the world.  But serving the cause of peace in a violent world is a dangerous occupation. Since the founding of the United Nations, hundreds of brave men and women have given their lives in its service.

  • [Sansad TV] Perspective: Dollar Dominance: Under threat?

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    Context

    As per IMF’s first deputy managing director Gita Gopinath, financial sanctions imposed on Russia threaten to gradually dilute the dominance of the U.S. dollar and could result in a more fragmented international monetary system.

    To understand more on this and related risks to the dominance of the dollar in view of the prevailing global situation and what it means for the international financial market.

    Russia- Ukraine War and USD

    • The Russia-Ukraine conflict conveys no signal of coming to an end or any tendency towards a peaceful settlement.
    • This has disrupted the global supply chain and has caused a major blow to the global economy.
    • The World Bank has reduced its annual global growth forecast for 2022 by nearly a full percentage point, from 4.1% down to 3.2%.
    • The financial sanctions imposed on Russia by the major Western powers have prompted changes in the international financial order driven by USD.
    • The United States has to some extent weaponized the dollar against Russia.
    • Countries are concerned that the money it holds in dollars would be worthless if dollar inflation set in.

    How US Dollar became the global currency?

    • The U.S. dollar has been the world’s dominant currency since the end of World War II.
    • Roughly half of international trade, international loans, and global debt securities are denominated in USD.
    • The USD became the official reserve currency of the world in 1944. The decision was made by a delegation from 44 Allied countries called the Bretton Woods Agreement.
    • Despite the challenges faced by the US economy due to fiscal and external deficits of the 1980s, the dollar’s share of global reserves remained steady and reserves even grew as time progressed.
    • The dominance of the dollar is backed by strong and highly credible institutions, deep markets and the fact that it is freely convertible.
    • Almost 40% of the world’s debt is issued in dollars. As a result, foreign banks need a lot of dollars to conduct business. This became evident during the 2008 financial crisis.

    Implications of USD led inflation

    • The dollar’s role as the world’s “reserve currency” is a cornerstone of the global economy and global finance as well as geopolitics.
    • Most of the transactions are dollar-dominated, currency depreciation is rather unlikely to increase exports.
    • A depreciation in the currency relative to the dollar leads to an increase in the price of imported goods which means high pressures on inflation.

    Challenges to USD

    • In the 1990s the dollar’s role started diminishing and the US became a net debtor to the world.
    • With the emerging global value chains, China’s integration into the world economy has been an impediment to the economic growth of the US.
    • A considerable decline in the dollar’s share can be attributed to the greater use of the Chinese renminbi.
    • It was notified by the IMF official that the dollar’s share of international reserves had fallen from 70% to 60% over a period of time with the growing trading currencies led by the Australian dollar.

    Calls for a one world currency

    • In March 2009, China and Russia called for a new global currency.
    • China is a huge player in world trade, which you might think would make people want to hold a lot of yuan assets.
    • They wanted the world to create a reserve currency that is disconnected from individual nations and is able to remain stable in the long run.
    • They thus want to remove the inherent deficiencies caused by using credit-based national currencies.
    • In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Chinese renminbi became another one of the world’s reserve currencies.
    • China wants its currency to be fully traded on the global foreign exchange markets. It would like the Yuan to replace the dollar as the global currency.

    What lies ahead?

    • For many years, undermining the dollar’s dominance has been the dream of governments that have looked uneasily at US global primacy, and formed coalitions.
    • Some experts also advocate that either China’s or Russia’s threat to the dollar hegemony will remain a fantasy.
    • It is predicted that the sanctions against Russia will not foreshadow the decline of the dollar as the reserve currency.
    • The Russia-Ukraine Conflict will definitely slow down the global economy but will not cause a global recession.

  • Prelims Spotlight: Important Traditional Crafts, Music and Dance schools in India

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    This Spotlight is a part of our Mission Nikaalo Prelims-2022

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  • PRELIMS MAHASANGRAM 2022 || 40 Days Prelims Revision Plan  with TIKDAM lectures

    PRELIMS MAHASANGRAM 2022 || 40 Days Prelims Revision Plan with TIKDAM lectures

    Play Along with Your Favourite WAR COMMANDERS

    As the Prelims is getting closer, many tasks line up like static revisions, attempting mocks and wrapping up your current affairs. Quick revisions can help you remember the factual information on the final day.

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    • Weekly Rewards: Those who get the top 5 spots on the weekly leaderboard will get a personal session with the mentors over google meet.
    • TIKDAM Lectures: Learn the Art of Elimination and Be the warrior who will win the war. Ravi Sir is one of the pioneers of Tikdam and he will help you in developing logics. These logics will definitely help you clear the exam. There will be 10 Tikdam sessions.

    You can get the joining and payment details for the program on the link given below:

    See How Tikdam Works even with the toughest questions:

    Q. Consider the following statements: 

    1. 21st February is declared to be the International Mother Language Day by UNICEF.

    2. The demand that Bangla has to be one of the national languages was raised in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. 

    Which of the above statements is/are correct? 

    (a) 1 only 

    (b) 2 only 

    (c) Both 1 and 2 

    (d) Neither 1 nor 2

    Statement-1:  It is a part of culture therefore it should be UNESCO not UNICEF. Also by TIKDAM Rule-1, Above statement should be incorrect.

    Statement 2: Present Bangladesh was a part of the then Pakistan. The statement does not say for the first time or only in the Assembly but a general statement that the demand was raised which sounds logical because East Bengal was a part of it as well. Therefore this statement should be correct.

    Q Consider the following statements: 

    1. Moringa (drumstick tree) is a leguminous evergreen tree. 

    2. The Tamarind tree is endemic to South Asia.

    3. In India, most of the tamarind is collected as minor forest produce. 

    4. India exports tamarind and seeds of moringa. 

    5. Seeds of moringa and tamarind can be used in the production of biofuels. 

    Which of the statements given above are correct? 

    (a) 1, 2, 4 and 5 

    (b) 3, 4 and 5 

    (c) 1, 3 and 4 

    (d) 1, 2, 3 and 5

    Almost every Indian has seen the Moringa Trees(Mungna, Saijan in hindi). They drop their leaves as we have seen. This means they are not evergreen. By eliminating we can get B as an answer.

    Q What is blue carbon? 

    (a) Carbon captured by oceans and coastal ecosystems 

    (b) Carbon sequestered in forest biomass and agricultural soils 

    (c) Carbon contained in petroleum and natural gas 

    (d) Carbon present in atmosphere

    We all know blue is used for Water/Oceans. Now option A has Ocean. 

    Q. With reference to the book “Desher Kather” written by Sakharam Ganesh Deuskar during the freedom struggle, consider the following statements : 

    1. It warned against the Colonial States hypnotic conquest of the mind. 

    2. It inspired the performance of swadeshi street plays and folk songs. 

    3. The use of desh‘ by Deuskar was in the specific context of the region of Bengal. 

    Which of the statements given above are curt? 

    (a) 1 and 2 only 

    (b) 2 and 3 only 

    (c) 1 and 3 only 

    (d) 1, 2 and 3 

    Anything in the context of Bengal used to start as ‘Bang.’ For example Bang Bhasha Prakashak Sabha, Bang Bhang, Bangladesh etc. Therefore Desh should not be in the context of Bengal. Now by simply eliminating S3 we can get the answer.

  • What are the 5 Methods to Maintain Daily Consistency in Current Affairs, Optional & GS Preparation?|| What are the 4 Factors you Need to Work on if you can’t Study Regularly?|| Register for Free 1-on-1 Mentorship if You are Yet to Restart Your UPSC Preparation

    Since its inception, UPSC-CSE has had toppers from various academic and socio-economic backgrounds who have cracked the exam with flying colours. It’s clear that one doesn’t have to go to Delhi or a coaching centre to crack UPSC-CSE.

    If education, geographical and economic background doesn’t matter, then what does? Attitude, or precisely consistency. If you are persistent and adamant to clear UPSC- CSE and have given more than two attempts till now, then you must replace that with consistency. Because, being persistent might lead you to the door, but it’s consistency that unlocks it.

    In last month’s Samanvaya 1-on-1 counselling sessions, our expert Civilsdaily mentors reached out to aspirants to address their concerns regarding UPSC-CSE preparation. These are the responses they often heard from them —

    How do I start preparing after a gap of 3-4 months?

    It’s easy for me to maintain consistency in GS Preparation but not Revision

    I study daily, but can only remain focused for 2-3 hours. How do I improve?

    My long working hours don’t allow me to study daily.

    Why am I losing interest in completing a subject? It’ s easier to read a new subject everyday.

    This week, we have decided to answer all these questions and take additional questions in our personalised & motivational counselling session.

    Key-Takeaways from This Week’s Samanvaya, Free 1-on-1 Counselling Session?

    If you want to experience the same mentorship as Rishab Sharma, then here’s the good news – your first UPSC mentorship is on us and is absolutely free! All you have to do is confirm your slot now.

    This prompted us to reach out to one of our students who is currently an IPS officer, Rishabh Sharma. He cleared the exam in 2020 with AIR 454. After his first attempt, Rishabh had enrolled in Smash Mains program under Sajal sir and also attended our free interview program. Cracking the mighty UPSC-CSE the second time, Rishabh explains what consistency means to him —

    UPSC doesn’t just test your intellect. It tests your patience, mental strength, your emotions, the very character of yours . As far as the journey of CSE is concerned you might know when to start, but you never know when the journey will come to an end. So be consistent and enjoy the journey.

    Every topper follows a plan, a method or strategy that makes it easier for them to study on a daily basis and complete the traget modules of the day. In this free live counselling session, we will explain the many ways you can do to avoid faltering on your preparation.

    1. The difference between a consistent study pattern v/s an inconsistent one. How UPSC-CSE becomes easier over time with consistency?

    2. Social media distraction. How to avoid spending long hours on social media? 

    3. Number of ideal breaks everyday. Why is it necessary to reward yourself with a short break from time to time?

    4. Best way to plan your timetable in advance? Why daily timetable should not be rigid but yearly timetable should be well defined? 

    5. How to remain consistent when you are not opting for coaching? 

    6. What are the practical methods to maintain regularity in studies. Tips to sustain the fire and passion for studies.

    7. Why using Public Libraries is a way to remain consistent in UPSC-CSE preparation? 

    8. What are the 4 factors that determine if you can remain consistent for a year? If not, then why should you work on them first before starting UPSC-CSE preparation?

    Get Motivated to Maintain Overall Consistency for UPSC

    It’s understandable we are humans and not programmable robots who can maintain the same level of interest everyday. However, maintaining an overall consistency throughout our preparation is neccessary to clear this competitive and vast exam. 

    Our philosophy behind MENTORSHIP is to get you out of this Snooze cycle. This ensures that you are the BEST VERSION of yourself in this journey. If you are under the impression that mentorship is weekly calls you attend, then you are mistaken, my friend. Trust us, your mentor will be your ‘FRIEND, PHILOSOPHER AND GUIDE’.

    TO EACH THEIR OWN – Every aspirant is different. Their strengths and weaknesses are different. Their time availability is also different. Identifying this is important so you don’t end up making unrealistic targets and lose momentum. Your mentor will make sure you start slow but remain consistent to build your confidence. Making your schedule structured based on our experience of working with 2500+ students is our first priority. 

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    TRACK YOUR PROGRESS – When you see yourself grow, it becomes easier to motivate yourself to push boundaries. Tracking your progress can happen in many ways like mentorship calls or chat sessions or by regular tests. The idea is to ensure that you don’t go off track in your preparation, and even if you do, we have your back.

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    EVOLUTION – A constant guidance is important to bring consistency to your UPSC preparation. Guidance is not about clearing your doubts or asking you to study when you don’t. It is also about the evolution of your preparation. This is where you and your mentor work as a team. A constant effort to PLAN AND BUILD UP YOUR ABILITY to learn in a faster and more efficient way.

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    TALK IT OUT – The biggest hurdle in achieving your highest level of consistency is the emotional part. Every now and then, you. surround yourself with negative thoughts, you feel scared and depressed. Instead of resolving these emotional issues, you avoid them as it seems like a waste of your precious time. You have to understand that ignoring emotional troubles does not solve them. What your doing is building an emotional time bomb that may burst a week before your mains or prelims! This is where your MENTOR AS A FRIEND comes in. All our mentors have been through this journey. We understand your fears and anxieties. So, TALK IT OUT.

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    Don’t let inconsistency keep you away from your dreams.

    Fill up the SAMANVAYA form given below. Let us know your problems and we will find a solution to it, just like our students say ” TOGETHER WE CAN AND WE WILL”. BOOK YOUR SLOT FOR YOUR FREE 1-0N-1 COUNSELLING SESSION IN THE NEXT 24 HOURS

    How has Civilsdaily Mentorship, helped Aspirants become Toppers?

    The most difficult challenge faced by EVERY candidate is inconsistency. Be it inconsistency in studies, answer-writing practice, covering the syllabus, or revision, every candidate finds it difficult to cope with. But how do successful candidates manage to FIGHT Inconsistency so consistently?

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    In UPSC 2020, Civilsdaily helped 80+ students secure ranks in their exams. In the top 100, every 3rd ranker was a Civilsdaily student.

     A very recent success story would be Vishwa Shah, student of Civilsdaily Mentor, Sukanya Ma’am. Vishwa has cleared the GPSC exam to become the Deputy Superintendent of Police in Gujarat. He has penned a thank-you note yesterday. Heartiest Congratulations to Vishwa!

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    One of our other Civilsdaily Student, Shubham Nagargoje cleared the exams in 2020 to become an IPS Officer. Shubham was gracious enough to let us know how he felt about Civilsdaily Samanvaya Guidance under Parth sir.

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    To know how all of them cleared the exam with our mentorship, visit the Unherd Podcast.

    Now that results are announced for UPSC 2021 Prelims, out of 15 out of 25 students of Santhosh Gupta sir have been recommended to Mains. One such student, Rahul expresses his gratitude and extends his appreciation.

    Most of our Mentors like Sudhanshu sir, Sajal sir, Santhosh sir, Pravin sir, Parth Verma sir and Sukanya Ma’am were UPSC aspirants themselves and have attended UPSC Mains more than five times and UPSC Interview more than twice. Hence their mentorship is always a blend of the best test series, comprehensive notes and current affairs knowledge.

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    All of them dedicate their time weekly to give 1-on-1 mentorship to every student where they discuss last week’s performance and next week’s approach.

    Be it Telegram, Whatsapp or Habitiat channels, they are always available and clear student’s doubts in a turnaround time of 24 Hours.

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    Why Civilsdaily Mentors are the GPS for Your UPSC-CSE Preparation

    Remember there is always light at the end of the tunnel and if you want to get out of the tunnel you have to follow the direction of the light! Our mentors’ give you direction which is divided into daily modules. All you have to do is study and complete them on time.

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    See the source image
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    As every year passes by, we don’t get confident by the previous years’ performance and become laidback. Instead, we become more hungry to convert all our students into toppers.REGISTER HERE TO SCHEDULE YOUR FIRST FREE SAMANVAYA COUNSELLING SESSION IN NEXT 24 HOURS

    How are Current Civilsdaily Students Gearing up for UPSC-CSE 2022?

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    Initially, our Civilsdaily student Smriti wasn’t confident about Prelims when she began her preparation. Though she had joined Civilsdaily in 2020, she started studying for UPSC-CSE back in 2019. At that time, Smriti had enrolled in multiple institutes. Though, most of these institutes had promised a personal mentor, she was unable to get in touch with them on a daily basis. Also those mentors never scheduled test-series on a weekly basis. Hence, despite preparing for a year, Smriti had scored only 35 marks out of 200 in her first test series by Civilsdaily.

    She then started writing 20-25 test series over the course of UAP 2021 and in her last test, her scores have drastically improved. She now scores in the range of 130-135 marks in prelims’ and 110+ in mains’ papers.

    In Smriti’s own words she describes her Samanvaya Mentorship Experience to be —

    “Our parents provide us financial and emotional support, friends provide us moral support and the right mentor gives you logistic and logical support for UPSC. There are days when I felt I won’t be able to compete against lakhs of aspirants. That’s when my mentor, Ravi sir reminded me of my improvement and encouraged me that I can crack it with the same consistency. We need someone, who tells us we are performing well especially when we cannot see that ourselves. The mentorship at Civilsdaily helped me become mentally stronger as a person. In other institutes, mentors are allotted only for doubt resolution. But at Civilsdaily, I am getting end-to-end mentorship via value added notes, classes, test series and detailed evaluation.”

    Similarly our another Civilsdaily student, Ashish sums up his Samanvaya experience with Civilsdaily mentor, Pravin Sir, “Because of Pravin sir’s support, I am able to understand a topic in lesser time.”

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    This is how Pravin sir evaluates Ashish’s Mains Test Series every week. After every test series evaluation, Pravin sir schedules a 1 hour call to discuss how Ashish can improve his marks and the sources he can refer for key topics.

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    It’s Your Turn Get the Free 40 Min Counselling Session By a CD Mentor

    Civilsdaily mentors are so dedicated, consistent and focused for your UPSC goal, that you will eventually become focused into turning your dreams to reality.

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    At the core of Civilsdaily UPSC mentorship, lies the fact that each one of you will have a unique journey while preparing for the exam. Some will get through on the first attempt without much effort while others will take both more time and more effort.

    We want to understand you better to help you optimize your journey so you can focus on the right things and not waste time on the wrong ones. We are asking you to tap into the valuable experiences of mentors who underwent the same grind and realize the pitfalls and understand the shortcuts to make it.

    In the first counselling session, we will understand your weaknesses. We then help you to stick to one plan or strategy throughout your preparation. We will then follow up with you on a daily basis to check if you are right on track. TALK TO OUR MENTORS & CLARIFY YOUR DOUBTS NOW

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  • [Sansad TV] Mudda Aapka: India–Mauritius Relations

    UPSC 2023 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

    Context

    • Mauritius Prime Minister Pravind Kumar Jugnauth is on an eight-day visit to India.
    • The purpose of this visit is to further strengthen the relations between the two countries. Mauritius is becoming an integral part of the goals of India’s maritime diplomacy.
    • Mauritius is very important for India’s security from the point of view of the Indian Ocean and yet being highest FDI investor.

    As Mauritius becomes a key part of India’s renewed Ocean Diplomacy at a time when the world is changing in fundamental ways, what should be India’s approach to this island-nation?

    India-Mauritius Relations: A Backgrounder

    • Connections between India and Mauritius date back to 1730, diplomatic relations were established in 1948 before Mauritius became an independent state.
    • For far too long, Delhi has viewed Mauritius through the prism of diaspora. This was, perhaps, natural since 68% of the Mauritian population comprise of Indian origin.
    • More recently, Delhi has certainly begun to see the strategic significance of Mauritius thanks to the renewed great power contestation in the Indian Ocean.
    • In 2014, Prime Minister Modi saw Mauritius as part of India’s neighbourhood and invited its leaders to join his inauguration along with other South Asian leaders.
    • In 2015 that Modi unveiled an ambitious policy called the SAGAR (security and growth for all). It was India’s first significant policy statement on the Indian Ocean in many decades.

    Significance of Mauritius to India

    [A] Geostrategic significance

    • In 2015, the Indian Prime Minister signed an agreement to set up eight Indian-controlled coastal surveillance radar stations
    • Mauritius is part of India’s security grid including Coastal Surveillance Radar (CSR) station of Indian Navy’s National Command Control Communication Intelligence network.
    • The Head of Mauritius Navy and the Mauritian National Security Advisor are Indian officers.
    • India is also building a secret naval base in Agalega Islands of Mauritius.
    • If Delhi takes an integrated view of its security cooperation in the southwestern Indian Ocean, Mauritius is the natural node for it.

    [B] Economic opportunities

    • The Mauritius pivot can facilitate a number of Indian commercial activities in the southwestern Indian Ocean — as a banking gateway, the hub for flights to and from Indian cities and tourism.
    • India could also contribute to the evolution of Mauritius as a regional centre for technological innovation.
    • Companies registered in Mauritius are the largest source of foreign direct investment (FDI) into India.
    • Mauritius and India signed a Comprehensive Economic Cooperation and Partnership Agreement (CECPA) on 22 February 2021, during the visit of the External Affairs Minister Dr. Subrahmanyam Jaishankar.

    [C] Geo-economics

    • India is Mauritius’s largest trading partner and has been the largest exporter of goods and services to the Indian Ocean island nation since 2007.
    • The French description of the island as a “central geographic point” holds equally true for commerce and connectivity in the Indian Ocean.
    • As a member of the African Union, Indian Ocean Rim Association and the Indian Ocean Commission, Mauritius is a stepping stone to multiple geographies.
    • As new investments pour into Africa, Mauritius is where a lot of it gets serviced. Mauritius can be the fulcrum for India’s own African economic outreach.

    [D] Mauritius as pivot of New Delhi’s island policy

    • Until now India has tended to deal with the so-called Vanilla islands of the southwestern Indian Ocean — Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Reunion and Seychelles — on a bilateral basis.
    • If the Indian establishment thinks of them as a collective, it could make Mauritius the pivot of Delhi’s island policy.

    [E] Indian Community

    • There are nearly 11,000 Indian nationals in Mauritius. There are around 750 OCI Card holders and about 3500 PIO Card holders.
    • To increase tourism inflow from India, Mauritian Government had introduced a visa-free regime for Indian tourists in October 2004.
    • Indian tourists visiting Mauritius for a period up to 60 days do not require a visa, provided they can show sufficient funds to cover their stay.
    • Mauritian nationals visiting India are entitled to gratis E-Tourist Visa.

    [F] Institutional collaboration

    • The Mahatma Gandhi Institute (MGI) was established in 1976 as a joint venture between the Government of India and the Government of Mauritius for the promotion of Indian culture and education. It also hosts the ICCR Chair in Sanskrit and Indian Philosophy.
    • The Rabindranath Tagore Institute (RTI) was established with the assistance of the Government of India in 2000 as a Centre of Studies on Indian culture and traditions.
    • Mauritius also hosts the World Hindi Secretariat, an India-Mauritius bilateral organization which was inaugurated during the visit of President in March 2018.  

    Common challenges

    • Some existential challenges for Mauritius and the neighbouring island states are:
    • Climate change
    • Sustainable development and
    • Blue economy
    • The impact of natural disasters, the degradation of coastal and marine ecosystems and sea level rise are their biggest security threats as these threaten their very existence.
    • According to a World Bank Report in 2018, Mauritius Ranks 16th highest disaster risk country, being highly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.

    Why India needs to revamp its neighbourhood strategy?

    • Responsiveness against China: India has often been accused of being self-centred in its relations with its smaller neighbours, as well as being interested in them only when China becomes a big enough presence in these countries. This is not an unfair criticism.
    • IOR Strategy: As the power dynamic in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) is changing, India has come to view Mauritius as an integral part of the new security architecture that it would like to see emerge here.
    • Security-centric: Mauritius is dotted with naval outfits, communication and surveillance outposts, and/or port facilities/developments, from Tanzania, Kenya, to Oman, Iran, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Bangladesh and Myanmar.
    • Multiple identities: Mauritius, much like India, sees itself in many dimensions. It sees itself as a sovereign nation, as a vibrant democracy; as multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious nation too. It is important for India in its approach towards Mauritius to embrace its multitude of identities.

    Way forward

    • The urgent need for New Delhi is to discard the deep-rooted perception that Mauritius is simply an extension of India.
    • Delhi must take a fresh and more strategic look at Mauritius.
    • One way of getting there is to have an early Indian summit with the leaders of the Vanilla Islands.
    • India, with its strong intelligence network, will also be helpful in maritime law enforcement by Mauritius and Seychelles.
    • While declaring support for India’s maritime security plans, there is need to pointed out that small nations are equally important in the contemporary world order and need to be taken seriously for the sake of preserving the security and order.

    Conclusion

    • Our close multifaceted relations have steadily developed over the years, based on the secure foundations of kinship and family ties, and of shared values of democracy, tolerance, peace and development.
    • It is time that both nations take it forward with mutual cooperation.
    • Jugnauth’s visit is a good moment for India to visibly demonstrate its respect for the sovereignty of Mauritius.
  • (Today) Free Webinar by IAS Khushboo Gupta on How to Approach Current Affairs for UPSC-CSE 2023 || Last Chance to Register

    (Today) Free Webinar by IAS Khushboo Gupta on How to Approach Current Affairs for UPSC-CSE 2023 || Last Chance to Register

    “A wealth of information leads to a poverty of attention” — Herbert Simon

    A fundamental problem with Current affairs is the deluge of reading material. Freshers, in their earlier attempts, are prone to buy Current Affairs material out of whim, in a delusional hope that It now brings more marks. Their room is filled with CSR, Pratiyogita Darpan, EPW, Chronicle, Yojana and every random magazine you can name.

    Alas! The harsh reality is they buy them out of excitement, keep them safely on their desk, never to reopen again for lack of time. Such too much material becomes counter-productive.

    Even with numerous things pending, you still have a great chance to crack the UPSC exam, If you learn how to focus on issues, not mere page-full news. 

    Free to Attend (with mandatory registration) Ask me Anything Session with Khusboo Gupta IAS to get insights into the power-packed current affairs strategy for all to clear the Exam through various stages and of necessary Do’s & Don’ts.

    Webinar Details

    A busy IAS Officer like Khusboo Gupta is free only on a Sunday. But she loves to dedicate her Sundays to mentor upcoming civil servants. So join her and give your UPSC preparation a new Edge and direction! This webinar is absolutely free. All aspirants are heartily welcome to attend.

    Date: 24th April, 2022 (Sunday) 

    Time: 3PM to 4 PM

    Infallible Tips to Learn in This Free Live Webinar by IAS Khusboo Gupta!

    1. Her strategy on Current Affairs: Timetable, sources, the role of Samachar Manthan, online sources and reports, and how she improved herself on a daily basis.

    2. Advice on current events, especially for newcomers.

    3. What procedures did Khushboo absolutely avoid that were widely practiced by other hopefuls to study current events?

    4. Techniques for revising current events that are common, customary, and used frequently. What exactly are they?

    5. Preparing for Current Affairs as a working professional. How did Khushboo reduce her newspaper reading time by using the Civilsdaily app?

    About Khusboo Gupta:

    Khushboo Gupta was an IIT-Engineering student from Baba Gandha Singh Public School in Bhadaur, Punjab. In Her 2nd attempt of CSE 2018 with Mathematics as an optional secured All India Rank 80.

  • How CD Interview guidance program helped AIR 14, Karishma Nair?| On-demand mock and 1-1 sessions: book your slot with Karishma’s mock panelists.

    Book your slot for UPSC Mock interviews (same panelists as for Karishma Nair)

    and get a dedicated mentor, on-call DAF analysis, DAF-based personalized questionnaire, and Situational questionnaire (FREE)


    A clip of mock interview by Karishma Nair with Dr. Noor Mohammad sir

    Karishma Nair was a student of our Mentorship program for Mains and prelims. For Interviews, Transcend’s team helped her in the DAF questionnaire, 1-1 analysis, and mock interviews.

    This is the DAF questionnaire we had prepared for Karishma Nair

    To give you a real feel of the panel that you will be facing in your real UPSC interview 2021, CD has brought together a mix of the most experienced and valued panelists for your mock interview.

    Panelists for Mock Interviews: 

    1. Shri Shankar Aggarwal, IAS (retd.), former Secretary
    2. Dr. Noor Mohammad, IAS (retd.), former EC
    3. Dr. P.K. Agrawal, IAS (Retd.), former Ch. Secy
    4. Shri T. N. Thakur, IAAS (retd.), former Dy CAG
    5. Shri V. P. Singh, IRPS
    6. Mrs.Aditi Gupta, Corporate Leadership Specialist
    7. Prof. U.M. Amin, Jamia Milia University
    8. Mr. S. D. Singh, IFoS (Retd.)
    9. Mr. Kunal Aggarwal, IRS
    10. Mr. Debraj Das, IPS

    Tentative: Shri S. Y. Quraishi (former CEC), Shri Harsh V. Pant (Observer Research Foundation), Shri SN Tripathi, IAS (Director IIPA), Shri Yogesh Narain (Retd. Defence Secretary), Shri Dipankar Gupta (Indian Sociologist), and others.

    Upcoming Mock interview and session

    This week’s mock interview dates have been fixed.

    • Mock interview this week 24th April onwards – (Book your slot)   
    • Time: 10 a.m. – 7 p.m.  
    • Mode: Online/Offline 

    Do You Know That Civilsdaily Has a 75% Success Rate In UPSC Interview?

    Interview slots will be allocated on a first-come, first-served basis.

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    Transcend Interview Guidance 2021: Program inclusion

    1. 2 Mock interviews, detailed analysis + feedback
    2. Most important issues coverage – current and structural
    3. Personalized mentorship
    4. DAF analysis and one-on-one sessions with in-service officers and panelists
    5. DAF based personalized questionnaire
    6. Situational and Roleplay questionnaire

    Do You Know That Civilsdaily Has a 75% Success Rate In UPSC Interviews?