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  • [Sansad TV] Perspective: National Logistics Policy

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    Context

    • The National Logistics Policy (NLP), rolled out on September 17, will play a big role in providing a boost to the logistics sector in India.
    • It’s expected to bring down the logistics cost, which currently is quite high in India compared to other developed countries, and also make India a global logistics hub with enhanced economic activity.

    What is Logistics?

    logistics
    • Logistics refers to the overall process of managing how resources are acquired, stored, and transported to their final destination.
    • It involves identifying prospective distributors and suppliers and determining their effectiveness and accessibility.

    India’s logistics sector: A backgrounder

    Logistics is the backbone of the economy. It affects all industries in three sectors – agriculture, manufacturing, and services. In India, the logistics sector has been marred with inefficiencies, depriving the industry of achieving its full potential.

    (1) Road Transport

    • The country faces a skewed logistic modal mix with nearly 71% of all freight transport being done by roads.
    • Highways only account for 2.2 % of the entire road network but carry 40% of all freight traffic, thereby putting immense strain on the highway network of the nation.

    (2) Railways  

    • The Railways’ share in freight transport has dropped from 89% in 1950-51 to only 18%in 2020.
    • The average speed of a freight train in India is only 25 km/hour with a permitted axle load (freight capacity of wagons) of around 20 tonnes.
    • The US, which has a vast rail network like India, runs its freight trains at an average speed of 38 mph (60 kmph) and permits an axle load of nearly 30 tonnes.

    (3) Air Cargo  

    • The picture is similar in terms of the air cargo handled.
    • According to the Ministry of Civil Aviation’s Annual report 2019-20, India has 23 domestic cargo terminals and 20 international cargo terminals which handled a total of 3.56 million tonne (mt) of cargo in 2018-19.
    • In contrast, the Shanghai Pudong International Airport in China alone handled 3.63 mt of cargo in 2019.

     What is National Logistics Policy, 2022?

    • First introduced in 2020 during Finance Minister’s Budget speech, the policy will bring in an integrated and tech-enabled approach to logistics operations to bridge the efficiency gap.
    • A comprehensive action plan is proposed under the policy, with major features including:
    • Integrated digital logistics systems;
    • Unified logistics interface platform;
    • Ease of logistics and standardization of physical assets and
    • Benchmarking service quality standards, state engagement,
    • Human resource development and capacity building,
    • Export-import logistics
    • Sectoral plans for efficient logistics, and facilitation of the development of logistics parks.

    Why need a logistics policy?

    • Organizing and consolidating the sector: India’s logistics sector is largely unorganized and fragmented. As per estimates, the worth of Indian logistics market is over $200 billion.
    • Reducing logistics cost: This is why the country’s logistics costs are as high as 14-15% of the GDP, against 7-8% in developed nations such as the Singapore and the US, who leverage it to boost exports. The NLP aims to bring down India’s logistics cost to 8% in the next five years.
    • Preventing waste of perishable items: As per some estimates in India, about 16% of agri-production is wasted at different stages of the supply chain.
    • Warehousing development: Moreover, due to factors such as limited capacity and availability of warehouses, the cost of transaction increases.
    • Multi-modal integration: The new policy is going about simplification, technology and will have a multimodal approach that will combine rail, water, and air — all modes of transport.
    • Reducing operational complexities: The sector is complex with more than 20 government agencies, 40 PGAs (Partner Government Agencies), 37 export promotion councils, 500 certifications, over 10,000 commodities.
    • Employment generation: The sector provides livelihood to more than 22 million people and improving it will facilitate 10 per cent decrease in indirect logistics cost leading to the growth of 5 to 8 per cent in exports.

    What are the focus areas?

    According to several reports, the policy is expected to touch upon four main steps:

    1. Integration of Digital System (IDS): This system will look forward to integrating 30 different systems of seven different departments, which are road transport, railway, customs, aviation, foreign trade, and commerce ministries. The digital data from these departments will be integrated under IDS. This will directly affect shorter cargo movement in a positive way.
    2. Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP): This system will monitor smooth cargo movement.
    3. Ease of Logistics (ELOG): Under this, the new policy will simplify the rules, which is expected to simplify basic business.
    4. System Improvement Group (SIG): This system will be used to monitor all logistics-related projects regularly and will facilitate the removal of any hurdle. An empowered group of secretaries (EGoS), constituted under the PM Gati Shakti, would monitor and review the implementation of the policy.  

    How will the NLP increase the participation of state governments?

    • Under the policy, every state in India will have to set up a State Logistics Coordination Committee/Cell.
    • The policy will also annually review the performance of every state through the Logistics Ease Across Different States (LEADS) index.
    • The central government will also let states develop their logistics ecosystems and provide a roadmap for improving logistics efficiency.
    • The SIG will also carry out the annual LEADS performance index of states and union territories in India.
    • The agency will work closely with the states and prepare a comprehensive annual State Engagement Report covering the above-mentioned aspects.

    Policy measures till now

    • Mission Gati-Shakti: This mission has been launched as a national master plan for multi-modal connectivity.
    • Bharatmala Pariyojana: The 34,000 km of road infrastructure works would be undertaken, of which, 11,000 km have been targeted to be completed by March 2022. (Also read about Sagarmala, Parvatmala etc.)
    • High budgetary allocation: The government allocated Rs5.54 trillion towards capital expenditure across various ministries in the Union Budget 2021-22, a 34.5% jump from the previous year.
    • Dedicated freight corridor: There is Eastern and Western Dedicated Freight Corridors commissioned which can be a game-changer for boosting railway freight share
    • National Air Cargo Policy: This has also been formulated that seeks to build air transport shipment hubs in all major airports by 2025.

    Way forward

    • Third-party logistics services such as warehouse building and management, and last mile transport provisioning would help bridge critical gaps in the logistics sector.
    • A comprehensive national policy for the logistics sector is critical as it will help the country understand how it can reach its economic goals.
    • The policy needs to address prevailing concerns in India’s logistics sector from an international lens.

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  • 21st September 2022| Daily Answer Writing Enhancement(AWE)

    Topics for Today’s questions:

    GS-1       Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.

    GS-2       Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting  India’s interests.

    GS-3       Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

    GS-4        Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

    Question 1)

     

    Q.1 Indian politics has deep imprints of identity politics but meaning and nature of identity has oscillated and varied. Discuss. (10 Marks)

     

    Question 2)

    Q.2 It is argued that policymakers in New Delhi do not appear to appreciate the inescapable linkages between geopolitics and geoeconomics. Analyse in the context of Indo-Pacific region. (15 Marks)

    Question 3)

    Q.3 Inclusive growth approach is focussed mostly towards education, skilling and job creation. Critically examine the success of various post-liberalization policies of the Indian government in this regard. (10 Marks)

    Question 4)  

    Q.4 Distinguish between the following terms with examples: (i) Persuasion and Manipulation (ii) Attitude and Aptitude (10 Marks)

     

    HOW TO ATTEMPT ANSWERS IN DAILY ANSWER WRITING ENHANCEMENT(AWE)?

    1. Daily 4 questions from General studies 1, 2, 3, and 4 will be provided to you.

    2. A Mentor’s Comment will be available for all answers. This can be used as a guidance tool but we encourage you to write original answers.

    3. You can write your answer on an A4 sheet and scan/click pictures of the same.

    4.  Upload the scanned answer in the comment section of the same question.

    5. Along with the scanned answer, please share your Razor payment ID, so that paid members are given priority.

    6. If you upload the answer on the same day like the answer of 11th  February is uploaded on 11th February then your answer will be checked within 72 hours. Also, reviews will be in the order of submission- First come first serve basis

    7. If you are writing answers late, for example, 11th February is uploaded on 13th February , then these answers will be evaluated as per the mentor’s schedule.

    8. We encourage you to write answers on the same day. However, if you are uploading an answer late then tag the mentor like @Staff so that the mentor is notified about your answer.

    *In case your answer is not reviewed, reply to your answer saying *NOT CHECKED*. 

    1. For the philosophy of AWE and payment: 

  • Feeling overwhelmed with UPSC 2023-24 preparation and struggling with procrastination? Here is 7 step strategy to gain control | FREE Samanvaya mentorship form released

    Feeling overwhelmed with UPSC 2023-24 preparation and struggling with procrastination? Here is 7 step strategy to gain control | FREE Samanvaya mentorship form released

    The life of a UPSC aspirant is challenging and demanding. Add to that the pressure from family, job, life, college, etc. it can get pretty overwhelming. In the part conversation with aspirants and even our mentorship students, these issues have been highlighted. But you must understand that every single aspirant even toppers feel or used to feel stressed and overwhelmed by expectations, responsibilities, lack of time, etc.

    At times this feeling is for a short burst of time but when you can’t shake that perpetual state of overwhelm, it can lead to chronic stress, anxiety, guilt, failure, inefficiency in preparation, wastage of attempts, and a host of associated physical and emotional symptoms that can seriously affect your well-being.

    You need to deal with this feeling. But before that understanding the root cause behind your stress is important.

    Table of content:

    1. Finding the root cause?
    2. 7 step strategy
    3. How CivilsDaily’s FREE Samanvaya mentorship works?


    Why do you feel overwhelmed in UPSC preparation?

    • Work-UPSC Preparation: Working aspirants at times have too much to do, they are engaged in stressful, demanding jobs. End up routinely working evenings and weekends leaving no or very less time for preparation. Results in mismanaged or poor UPSC preparation.
    • Life-UPSC Preparation: Aspirants have a life, family, and friends and there might be life changes such as moving house, starting a new job, relationships/marriage, or taking care of family/baby. It has a direct impact on UPSC prep.
    • Traumatic experience. Such as bereavement, relationship breakup, illness, etc.
    • No prior experience in UPSC preparation or no one to guide leads to a perpetual feeling of getting lost in the vast syllabus and complex preparation cycle.
    • Perfectionism. If everything always has to be perfect, you’re giving yourself a greater burden. Sometimes just getting through the day is a win. You don’t have to do it all perfectly too – you’re only human!
    • Pushing yourself too hard all in the wrong direction where results are not visible, and you don’t seem to be moving forward in your UPSC preparation.

    We must understand that there are reasons that we can’t control but pinpointing the exact source of overwhelm is necessary which might not be possible on your own.

    Below is the 7-step strategy to gain control of your UPSC Preparation.

    1. Pinpoint the primary source of overwhelm.

    It will tell you what you can control and what you can’t.

    This is the first step. Ask yourself important questions like: “What one or two things, if taken off my plate would alleviate 80% of the stress that I feel right now?” It will at least give a sense of awareness as to what is causing you stress. Then only we can move towards solving the issue. At times finding the root cause on your own is difficult. You can reach out to senior UPSC mentors from CivilsDaily and have an open heart 1-1 FREE discussion.

    2. Get Organised and assess your UPSC preparation

    Let us get our hands dirty. Start by writing down everything on your mind about your UPSC preparation status, mock tests and marks you have scored, tasks, and things you have to do including non-UPSC prep stuff. Next, check everything under your control and capture any to-dos, appointments, etc. on one hand and your status of UPSC preparation, on the other.

    For a fair assessment of your UPSC Preparation, you can schedule a call with CivilsDaily’s mentors.

    To avoid procrastination and wasting time you need to connect with your purpose. Make the link between your tasks and your bigger mission.

    What’s your purpose in life? Who do you want to be?

    Clarifying this will destroy the urge to procrastinate

    You know your purpose, now identify the targets to get you there.

    3. Set targets

    Our mentorship students have their more than a year-long preparation broken down into small, measurable, and manageable chunks through Weekly and Monthly targets. You need to do the same. Break down those goals into smaller manageable targets or tasks. When a task is too big, you won’t know how to start. Break out the smallest next step.

    Eg. You are yet to cover Laxmikant for Polity. Don’t aim for the full book. Set a target for just two chapters for the next three days.

    Recheck your list, do all the to-dos you captured align with your goals and mission?

    4. Prioritize ruthlessly: your tasks according to their importance and urgency

    Not all the tasks you have listed and targeted will be UPSC preparation related. Even the targets under UPSC preparation might look equally important and urgent.

    “Should I start with Ethics or Optional? Should I make notes now or write answers from current affairs?” Almost all of them look important.

    Well, don’t get confused. If you are planning for UPSC 2023 this priority list will be different compared to the one planning for UPSC 2024.

    For non-UPSC tasks basic rule is Time-sensitive items first. Next, rank for impact and value.

    5. Plan out: make a timetable and a strategy

    Talking about UPSC specifically your strategy should be unique to you. No two aspirants have the same set of problems, challenges, or learning styles. Your strategy or timetable will work for you as some past rankers’ timetables or strategies worked for them.

    Moreover, this is something that requires expertise and skill. Don’t feel shy to ask for help in this. If you don’t have anyone to help you in this, let us get it done for you.

    Spending time with your family and friends nourishes you. Keeping fit ensures you can enjoy life. Don’t neglect it.

    6. Execute

    Execution is far better and more effective when it is under the supervision of a mentor. Under an accountability system.

    The hardest part of tackling overwhelm is to make time to organize yourself. So make it easy for yourself, follow the steps above, and create clarity for yourself. Connect your actions with your purpose and go execute.

    Your execution will be far more effective and on track, if there is some supervising figure, a mentor, teacher keeping a check on the targets achieved, tasks completed, etc.

    7. Analyze and evaluate your progress. Make necessary course corrections on a regular basis.

    Situational awareness is a must when you want to achieve something big. It is very easy to get lost in execution. At regular intervals, you need to evaluate your progress. For UPSC aspirants it might take the form of prelims mocks tests, mains tests, essay writing, or maybe discussions.

    Marks scored will give you an indication on your preparation level. Because self-evaluation is mostly ineffective it is advised to get someone experienced to help you. A mentor or UPSC ranker can easily evaluate your UPSC prep status, highlight the mistakes and suggest remedies.

    Let Go Of The Past

    Stressing and feeling guilty about past UPSC attempts or wasted preparation time is of no use. What matters is how well you can learn from the past, analyze and make changes in the present to make the future better.

    How does Samanvaya Mentorship work? Introducing 3 layers of mentorship: Get IAS or UPSC ranker as your mentor

    1. 1st step starts with this Samanvaya call: Once you fill in the form, we get on a 30-40 minute call with you to understand your prep level, working/ study constraints, and current strategies and create a step-by-step plan for the next week, next month and so on.

    2. You are directed and given access to relevant resources and invite-only platform, Habitat where you can ask your daily doubts, discuss your test-prep questions and have real-time, live sessions on news and op-eds, and find your optional groups.

    Daily target monitoring.

    3. The third and the most personalized tier is the 1 on 1 mentor allotment who stays with you through the course of your UPSC preparation – always-on chat and on scheduled calls to help you assess, evaluate, and chart the next milestone of your IAS 2023-23 journey.

    We will also connect you to a UPSC ranker or IAS, who will mentor you in this journey.

    Layer 1: You will be assigned a dedicated in-house mentor who will keep track of our progress from start till your final interview.

    Layer 2: Sajal Singh sir and the team will be constantly with you through various programs like Samachar Manthan, Prelims, Essay, etc.

    Layer 3: A UPSC IAS ranker (one who has cleared this exam) will be supervising your progress as your super mentor.

    Who are you?

    1. Working Junta? If you are preparing for IAS 2023-24 and working simultaneously, we can help you design a timetable that fits right in your hectic schedule.
    2. First-time prep? If you are in the last year of college or thinking of dropping a year and preparing for IAS 2023-24 full-time, we can help you pick the right books and craft a practical & personal strategy.
    3. UPSC Veteran?

    You just have to take 5 minutes out and fill this form: Samanvaya For IAS 2023

    Once done, we will call you within 24 hours or so.

    Click to fill out the form: Samanvaya for IAS 2023

  • 20th September 2022| Daily Answer Writing Enhancement(AWE)

    Topics for Today’s questions:

    GS-1      History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.

    GS-2      Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

    GS-3      Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping

    GS-4        Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

    Question 1)

     

    Q.1 Explain in what ways different historical conditions led countries like China and Japan on widely divergent paths to building independent and modern nations. (15 Marks)

     

    Question 2)

    Q.2 Instead of spaces meant to facilitate rehabilitation, prisons in India are becoming disempowered places with a mental health crisis. Discuss. (10 Marks)

    Question 3)

    Q.3 What are the major challenges of Public Distribution System (PDS) in India? How can it be made effective and transparent? (10 Marks)

    Question 4)  

    Q.4 Instead of trying to solve each and every problem through legislation and laws, changing the attitude of people towards the problem can bring out an effective solution. Explain using examples. (10 Marks)

     

    HOW TO ATTEMPT ANSWERS IN DAILY ANSWER WRITING ENHANCEMENT(AWE)?

    1. Daily 4 questions from General studies 1, 2, 3, and 4 will be provided to you.

    2. A Mentor’s Comment will be available for all answers. This can be used as a guidance tool but we encourage you to write original answers.

    3. You can write your answer on an A4 sheet and scan/click pictures of the same.

    4.  Upload the scanned answer in the comment section of the same question.

    5. Along with the scanned answer, please share your Razor payment ID, so that paid members are given priority.

    6. If you upload the answer on the same day like the answer of 11th  February is uploaded on 11th February then your answer will be checked within 72 hours. Also, reviews will be in the order of submission- First come first serve basis

    7. If you are writing answers late, for example, 11th February is uploaded on 13th February , then these answers will be evaluated as per the mentor’s schedule.

    8. We encourage you to write answers on the same day. However, if you are uploading an answer late then tag the mentor like @Staff so that the mentor is notified about your answer.

    *In case your answer is not reviewed, reply to your answer saying *NOT CHECKED*. 

    1. For the philosophy of AWE and payment: 

  • 19th September 2022| Daily Answer Writing Enhancement(AWE)

    Topics for Today’s questions:

    GS-1       Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.

    GS-2       Panchayats & Local Bodies

    GS-3       Indian Economy

    GS-4        Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.

    Question 1)

     

    Q.1 The period of Internal Emergency in India (1975-1977) has been deemed as the ‘dark age of Indian democracy’. Discuss. (10 Marks)

     

    Question 2)

    Q.2 The real reason for dismal performance of local institutions is the contradiction between their responsibility and authority. Elaborate. (10 Marks)

    Question 3)

    Q.3 In light recently declared National Mission on Edible Oils–Oil Palm (NMEO-OP), critically examine economic and environmental implications of promotion of oil palm cultivation in the country. (10 Marks)

    Question 4)  

    Q.4 Manifestation of acquired values is contingent on social norms prevalent in the society. Explain with examples. (10 Marks)

     

    HOW TO ATTEMPT ANSWERS IN DAILY ANSWER WRITING ENHANCEMENT(AWE)?

    1. Daily 4 questions from General studies 1, 2, 3, and 4 will be provided to you.

    2. A Mentor’s Comment will be available for all answers. This can be used as a guidance tool but we encourage you to write original answers.

    3. You can write your answer on an A4 sheet and scan/click pictures of the same.

    4.  Upload the scanned answer in the comment section of the same question.

    5. Along with the scanned answer, please share your Razor payment ID, so that paid members are given priority.

    6. If you upload the answer on the same day like the answer of 11th  February is uploaded on 11th February then your answer will be checked within 72 hours. Also, reviews will be in the order of submission- First come first serve basis

    7. If you are writing answers late, for example, 11th February is uploaded on 13th February , then these answers will be evaluated as per the mentor’s schedule.

    8. We encourage you to write answers on the same day. However, if you are uploading an answer late then tag the mentor like @Staff so that the mentor is notified about your answer.

    *In case your answer is not reviewed, reply to your answer saying *NOT CHECKED*. 

    1. For the philosophy of AWE and payment: 

  • [Sansad TV] New India Debate | India- Pharmacy of World

    Context

    • The Indian pharma sector supplies over 50 per cent of global demand for various vaccines, 40 per cent of generic demand in the US and 25 per cent of all medicine in the UK.
    • India is the largest provider of generic drugs globally.
    • India is the largest contributor in UNESC with over 50-60% share.

    Feats achieved by India’s Pharma Sector

    • Surplus trade: The Pharma trade balance continues to be in India’s favour. 
    • Worldwide production: India ranks 3rd worldwide for Pharmaceutical production by volume and 14th by value. The current market size is around USD 50 billion. 
    • High competitiveness: Indian pharma companies enabled by their price competitiveness and good quality have made a global mark with 60% of the world’s vaccines and 20% of generic medicines coming from India.   
    • Major destinations: India’s top 5 pharma export destinations are the USA, UK, South Africa, Russia and Nigeria.
    • Regulatory compliance: Around 55 % of our pharma exports from India cater to highly regulated markets. For instance, the largest number of FDA approved plants outside the US is in India.

    India’s Pharma Sector: A Backgrounder

    pharma
    • India enjoys an important position in the global pharmaceuticals sector.
    • The country has a large pool of scientists and engineers with the potential to steer the industry ahead to greater heights.
    • Presently, over 80% of the antiretroviral drugs used globally to combat AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) are supplied by Indian pharmaceutical firms.

    Its evolution

    Over the last few decades, the Indian pharmaceutical industry has experienced rapid expansion, which may be divided into four stages:

    1. Foreign domination: The time before 1970 is considered as the first stage of the pharma industry. At that time, the Indian market was dominated by foreign companies.
    2. Rise of domestic companies: The second stage covers 1970 to 1990 when several domestic companies began operations.
    3. LPG reforms: 1990 to 2010 is the third stage, where liberalization led Indian components to launch operations in foreign countries.
    4. Patent assisted boom: The introduction of the patent bill was one of the first advancements in the pharma industry. It allowed the Indian pharmaceutical sector to become less reliant on intellectual property laws in the US.
    5. Rise of OTC drugs: Over-the-counter drugs (bought without prescriptions) constitute the next biggest segment with 21% of the market segment.

    Market Size

    • According to the Indian Economic Survey 2021, the domestic market is expected to grow 3x in the next decade.
    • India’s domestic pharmaceutical market is at US$ 42 billion in 2021 and likely to reach US$ 65 billion by 2024 and further expand to reach ~US$ 120-130 billion by 2030.
    • India’s biotechnology industry comprises biopharmaceuticals, bio-services, bio-agriculture, bio-industry, and bioinformatics.

    Who regulates Indian Pharma Sector?

    • The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 was the central legislation that regulates India’s drug and cosmetic import, manufacture, distribution and sale.
    • The Act clearly defines the spurious drugs, adulterated drugs and mis-branded drugs.
    • This also established the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO).
    • The Act establishes the regulatory control over the manufacture and sale of drugs.
    • State Health department has to regulate the manufacturing, sales and distribution of drugs.
    • Drug Inspectors will control the implementation at ground level.

    What made India the world’s pharmacy?

    • Low manufacturing costs: Compared to other nations, the cost of manufacturing pharmaceutical goods in India is much lower and more effective.
    • Skilled workforce: India now has a highly-skilled workforce as a result of technological advancements.
    • R&D: India’s pharma industrial sector is also robust. Most pharma labs has turned into incubators.
    • Marketing benefits: With economic liberalization, India’s marketing and distribution system are likewise on the higher side. The sector is additionally strengthened by its diversified ecosystem.
    • Focus on generics: The companies broke into the worldwide market by exploring generic alternatives to costly proprietary medications.

    Various govt. policies

    • FDI relaxation: The government has allowed 100% FDI in Greenfield pharmaceutical projects and 74% FDI in brownfield pharmaceutical projects.   
    • PM Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana: The government had launched this scheme to supply low-cost pharma drugs to the economically weaker sections.
    • Bulk Drug Parks: In March 2020, the centre approved the establishment of mega ‘Bulk Drug Parks’ to provide common facilities like solvent recovery, effluent treatment, distillation, etc.
    • PLI scheme: The Cabinet also approved the ‘Production Linked Incentive Scheme’ for encouraging domestic manufacturing of drug intermediaries.
    • SPI Scheme: In March 2022, under the Strengthening of Pharmaceutical Industry (SPI) Scheme, a total financial outlay of Rs. 500 crore (US$ 665.5 million) for the period FY 21-22 to FY 25-26 were announced.

    Various challenges

    • FDA mandate in US: The US accounts for more than a quarter of Indian pharmaceutical exports. Every medicine sold in the United States is subject to FDA monitoring and site visits by Indian businesses.
    • Hostile competition: There is stiff competition from firms in countries like China, Israel and Japan. Hostile and negative lobbying by the big players who frequently accuse Indian firms of violating patent laws.
    • Over-dependence on China: The industry is highly dependent on China for pharmaceutical raw materials. Indian drug-makers import around 70% of their total Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) / bulk drug requirements from China.
    • Hollowing out: India today is preferred low-cost producer and exporter of simpler off-patent formulations, the road taken is ‘hollowing out’ manufacturing in raw material: API.
    • Plagiarism: Fake versions of high value and/or high volume brands of the pharma companies are adversely affecting their business performance. It can also create a health hazard.
    • Domestic drug price control: The GoI’s Drug Price Control Order put excessive pressure on product pricing, affecting pharmaceutical companies’ profitability. Small businesses face a danger from the new MRP-based excise duty structure.
    • Low spending on R&D: India’s current public expenditure on R&D consistently remains low, at less than 1% of gross domestic product (GDP).  
    • Burden of new diseases: New diseases, curbing costs, medical infrastructure, and foreign regulations are some of the challenges being faced by the pharma industry.
    • Regulatory lacunae: Many states have an inadequate number of drug inspectors – sometimes even as high as 53% vacancies like in Karnataka. The CDSCO itself suffers from insufficient personnel with 22% vacancies.

    Major contribution of Pharma Sector: Medical Diplomacy

    • Medical diplomacy is the state’s use of essential medicines’ trade and medical personnel’s dispatch to affected countries to improve its international relations.
    • India’s vaccine diplomacy during the pandemic also reaped huge praises all across the world.
    • India has been supplying essential drugs like hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and paracetamol to different categories of countries ranging from USA, Russia, France and UK to African and Latin American countries like Zambia, Uganda, Niger, Kenya, Colombia and Uruguay.
    • In the neighborhood, the drugs are being supplied to Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldives, Mauritius, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
    • While some of these countries received the drugs on a commercial basis, others received it as grants from India.

    Way forward

    • Harnessing global value-chain: Besides the volume share, India now needs to capture value share as well.  
    • R&D boost: India will need to make exponential investments in R&D, manufacturing and digital transformations to become a global pharmaceutical innovation hub.
    • Incentivization: The government needs to urgently explore mechanisms to incentivize investment in R&D and evaluate various funding mechanisms that can help co-research.
    • Focus on API: This is also an opportunity to bring a much larger proportion of manufacturing of APIs back into India, so that the country is not dependent on imports of critical inputs.
    • Rational drug pricing: India needs to rationalize drug price control. Pharma companies must not be loaded with the cost public health.

    UPSC 2023 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

  • (Download) UPSC Mains 2022: GS-4 Ethics question paper PDF | Almost 90% of Questions in GS-4 directly from CD’s test series & Smash Ethics Program

    (Download) UPSC Mains 2022: GS-4 Ethics question paper PDF | Almost 90% of Questions in GS-4 directly from CD’s test series & Smash Ethics Program

    UPSC Mains 2022 GS-4, Ethics paper is just over and our preliminary analysis reveals that almost 90% of questions were from CivilsDaily’s Mains test series and Samachar Manthan.

    It takes sweatdual-sided determination, and the hard work of both mentors and students. Doing the best in 2021 puts them in the best place for 2022. 

    Yes, 90% of Questions have directly come from Our Test Series & Smash Ethics Program


    GS-4 Question Paper of IAS mains 2022

    Yes, 90% of Questions have directly come from Our Test Series & Smash Ethics Program

    Yes, 90% of Questions have directly come from Our Test Series & Smash Ethics Program


    Download Essay Question Paper:- UPSC-CSE Mains 2022

    (Download) UPSC Mains 2022: GS-1 question paper PDF | 85% of Questions in GS-1 directly from CD’s test series & Samachar Manthan


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    Civilsdaily will be conducting 2 days mega session dissecting UPSC GS Mains 2022 papers I-IV with Sajal sir and Sukanya ma’am. We will be discussing roadmap and strategy for UPSC 2023 aspirants.

    They will be discussing how our Mains Test Series + Samachar Manthan + Smash Ethics helped students to write better answer in 2022 mains. Because almost 90% of questions have been asked in the question papers simultaneously.

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  • (Download) UPSC Mains 2022: GS-3 question paper PDF | Almost 90% of Questions in GS-3 Mains directly from CD’s test series & Samachar Manthan

    (Download) UPSC Mains 2022: GS-3 question paper PDF | Almost 90% of Questions in GS-3 Mains directly from CD’s test series & Samachar Manthan

    UPSC Mains 2022 GS 3 paper is just over and our preliminary analysis reveals that almost 90% of questions were from CivilsDaily’s Mains test series and Samachar Manthan.

    GS 2 UPSC Mains Paper 2022 can be easily solved by Samachar Manthan itself

    Yashika, CivilsDaily’s Mentorship student

    Do you know?

    Civilsdaily will be conducting a 2-day mega session dissecting UPSC GS Mains 2022 papers I-IV with Sajal sir and Sukanya ma’am. We will be discussing the roadmap and strategy for UPSC 2023 aspirants.

    They will be discussing how our Mains Test Series + Samachar Manthan helped students to write better answer in 2022 mains. Because almost 90% of questions have been asked in the question papers simultaneously.


    GS-3 Question Paper of IAS mains 2022

    1. बुनियादी ढाँचागत परियोजनाओं में सार्वजनिक निजी साझेदारी (पी.पी.पी.) की आवश्यकता क्यों है ? भारत में रेलवे स्टेशनों के पुनर्विकास में पी. पी. पी. मॉडल की भूमिका का परीक्षण कीजिए । (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in infrastructural projects? Examine the role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India. (Answer in 150 words)

    2. क्या बाज़ार अर्थव्यवस्था के अन्तर्गत समावेशी विकास संभव है ? भारत में आर्थिक विकास की प्राप्ति के लिए वित्तीय समावेश के महत्त्व का उल्लेख कीजिए । ( 150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए )

    Is inclusive growth possible under market economy? State the significance of financial inclusion in achieving economic growth in India. (Answer in 150 words)

    3. भारत में सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली ( पी. डी. एस.) की प्रमुख चुनौतियाँ क्या हैं ? इसे किस प्रकार प्रभावी तथा पारदर्शी बनाया जा सकता है ? ( 150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    What are the major challenges of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India? How can it be made effective and transparent? (Answer in 150 words )

    4. भारत में खाद्य प्रसंस्करण उद्योग के कार्यक्षेत्र और महत्त्व का सविस्तार वर्णन कीजिए । (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 

    Elaborate on the scope and significance of the food processing industry in India. ( Answer in 150 words)

    Q5. देश में आयु संभाविता में आई वृद्धि से समाज में नई स्वास्थ्य चुनौतियाँ खड़ी हो गई हैं । यह नई चुनौतियाँ कौन-कौन सी हैं और उनके समाधान हेतु क्या-क्या कदम उठाए जाने आवश्यक हैं ? (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    The increase in life expectancy in the country has led to newer health challenges in the community. What are those challenges and what steps need to be taken to meet them?  (Answer in 150 words )

    Q6. पृथ्वी की सतह पर प्रति वर्ष बड़ी मात्रा में वनस्पति पदार्थ, सेलुलोस, जमा हो जाता है । यह सेलुलोस किन प्राकृतिक प्रक्रियाओं से गुज़रता है जिससे कि वह कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड, जल तथा अन्य अंत्य उत्पादों में परिवर्तित हो जाता है ? (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 

    Each year a large amount of plant material, cellulose, is deposited on the surface of Planet Earth. What are the natural processes this cellulose undergoes before yielding carbon dioxide, water, and other end products? (Answer in 150 words)

    7. इसके निर्माण, प्रभाव और शमन को महत्त्व देते हुए फोटोकेमिकल स्मॉग की विस्तारपूर्वक चर्चा कीजिए । 1999 के गोथेनबर्ग प्रोटोकॉल को समझाइए । ( 150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Discuss in detail the photochemical smog emphasizing its formation, effects, and mitigation. Explain the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol. ( Answer in 150 words)

    8. भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप के संदर्भ में बादल फटने की क्रियाविधि और घटना को समझाइए । हाल के दो उदाहरणों की चर्चा कीजिए । ( 150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Explain the mechanism and occurrence of cloudburst in the context of the Indian subcontinent. Discuss two recent examples. (Answer in 150 words)

    Q9. संगठित अपराधों के प्रकारों की चर्चा कीजिए । राष्ट्रीय और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर मौजूद संगठित अपराध और आतंकवादियों के बीच संबंधों का वर्णन कीजिए । ( 150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Discuss the types of organized crimes. Describe the linkages between terrorists and organized crime that exist at the national and transnational levels. (Answer in 150 words)

    Q10. भारत में समुद्री सुरक्षा चुनौतियाँ क्या हैं ? समुद्री सुरक्षा में सुधार के लिए की गई संगठनात्मक, तकनीकी और प्रक्रियात्मक पहलों की विवेचना कीजिए । ( 150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    What are the maritime security challenges in India? Discuss the organizational, technical, and procedural initiatives taken to improve maritime security. (Answer in 150 words)

    11. “हाल के दिनों का आर्थिक विकास श्रम उत्पादकता में वृद्धि के कारण संभव हुआ है ।” इस कथन को समझाइए । ऐसे संवृद्धि प्रतिरूप को प्रस्तावित कीजिए जो श्रम उत्पादकता से समझौता किए बिना अधिक रोजगार उत्पत्ति में सहायक हो । ( 250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए )

    “Economic growth in the recent past has been led by increase in labour productivity.” Explain this statement. Suggest the growth pattern that will lead to creation of more jobs without compromising labour productivity. ( Answer in 250 words)

    12. क्या आपके विचार में भारत अपनी ऊर्जा आवश्यकता का 50 प्रतिशत भाग, वर्ष 2030 तक नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा से प्राप्त कर लेगा ? अपने उत्तर के औचित्य को सिद्ध कीजिए । जीवाश्म ईंधनों से सब्सिडी हटाकर उसे नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा स्रोतों में लगाना उपर्युक्त उद्देश्य पूर्ति में किस प्रकार सहायक होगा ? समझाइए । ( 250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Do you think India will meet 50 percent of its energy needs from renewable energy by 2030? Justify your answer. How will the shift of subsidies from fossil fuels to renewables help achieve the above objective? Explain.  (Answer in 250 words)

    Q13. भारत में कृषि उत्पादों के विपणन की ऊर्ध्वमुखी और अधोमुखी प्रक्रिया में मुख्य बाधाएँ क्या हैं ? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    What are the main bottlenecks in the upstream and downstream process of marketing agricultural products in India? (Answer in 250 words)

    Q14. समेकित कृषि प्रणाली क्या है ? भारत में छोटे और सीमांत किसानों के लिए यह कैसे लाभदायक हो सकती है ? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    What is Integrated Farming System? How is it helpful to small and marginal farmers in India? (Answer in 250 words)

    Q15. 25 दिसम्बर, 2021 को छोड़ा गया जेम्स वेब अंतरिक्ष टेलीस्कोप तभी से समाचारों में बना हुआ है । उसमें ऐसी कौन-कौन सी अनन्य विशेषताएँ हैं जो उसे इससे पहले के अंतरिक्ष टेलीस्कोपों से श्रेष्ठ बनाती हैं ? इस मिशन के मुख्य ध्येय क्या हैं ? मानव जाति के लिए इसके क्या संभावित लाभ हो सकते हैं ? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Launched on 25th December 2021, James Webb Space Telescope has been much in the news since then. What are its unique features which make it superior to its predecessor Space Telescopes? What are the key goals of this mission? What potential benefits does it hold for the human race? (Answer in 250 words)

    Q16. वैक्सीन विकास का आधारभूत सिद्धांत क्या है ? वैक्सीन कैसे कार्य करते हैं ? कोविड-19 टीकों के निर्माण हेतु भारतीय वैक्सीन निर्माताओं ने क्या-क्या पद्धतियाँ अपनाई हैं ? ( 250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    What is the basic principle behind vaccine development? How do vaccines work? What approaches were adopted by the Indian vaccine manufacturers to produce COVID-19 vaccines? ( Answer in 250 words )

    Q17. ग्लोबल वार्मिंग (वैश्विक तापन) की चर्चा कीजिए और वैश्विक जलवायु पर इसके प्रभावों का उल्लेख कीजिए । क्योटो प्रोटोकॉल, 1997 के आलोक में ग्लोबल वार्मिंग का कारण बनने वाली ग्रीनहाउस गैसों के स्तर को कम करने के लिए नियंत्रण उपायों को समझाइए । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 

    Discuss global warming and mention its effects on the global climate. Explain the control measures to bring down the level of greenhouse gases which cause global warming, in the light of the Kyoto Protocol, 1997, ( Answer in 250 words )

    Q 18. भारत में तटीय अपरदन के कारणों एवं प्रभावों को समझाइए । ख़तरे का मुकाबला करने के लिए उपलब्ध तटीय प्रबंधन तकनीकें क्या हैं ? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Explain the causes and effects of coastal erosion in India. What are the available coastal management techniques for combating the hazard? ( Answer in 250 words)

    Q19. साइबर सुरक्षा के विभिन्न तत्त्व क्या हैं ? साइबर सुरक्षा की चुनौतियों को ध्यान में रखते हुए समीक्षा कीजिए कि भारत ने किस हद तक एक व्यापक राष्ट्रीय साइबर सुरक्षा रणनीति सफलतापूर्वक विकसित की है । ( 250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    What are the different elements of cyber security? Keeping in view the challenges in cyber security, examine the extent to which India has successfully developed a comprehensive National Cyber Security Strategy. ( Answer in 250 words)

    Q 20. नक्सलवाद एक सामाजिक, आर्थिक और विकासात्मक मुद्दा है जो एक हिंसक आन्तरिक सुरक्षा ख़तरे के रूप में प्रकट होता है। इस संदर्भ में उभरते हुए मुद्दों की चर्चा कीजिए और नक्सलवाद के ख़तरे से निपटने की बहुस्तरीय रणनीति का सुझाव दीजिए। ( 250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Naxalism is a social, economic, and developmental issue manifesting as a violent internal security threat. In this context, discuss the emerging issues and suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of Naxalism. ( Answer in 250 words)



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  • (Download) UPSC Mains 2022: GS-2 question paper PDF | Almost 90% of Questions in GS-2 Mains directly from CD’s test series & Samachar Manthan

    (Download) UPSC Mains 2022: GS-2 question paper PDF | Almost 90% of Questions in GS-2 Mains directly from CD’s test series & Samachar Manthan

    UPSC Mains 2022 GS 2 paper is just over and our preliminary analysis reveals that almost 90% of questions were from CivilsDaily’s Mains test series and Samachar Manthan.

    GS 2 UPSC Mains Paper 2022 can be easily solved by Samachar Manthan itself

    Yashika, CivilsDaily’s Mentorship student

    Civilsdaily will be conducting 2 days mega session dissecting UPSC GS Mains 2022 papers I-IV with Sajal sir and Sukanya ma’am. We will be discussing roadmap and strategy for UPSC 2023 aspirants.

    They will be discussing how our Mains Test Series + Samachar Manthan helped students to write better answer in 2022 mains. Because almost 90% of questions have been asked in the question papers simultaneously.


    GS-2 Question Paper of IAS mains 2022

    Q1. भारत में आधुनिक कानून की सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण उपलब्धि सर्वोच्च न्यायालय द्वारा पर्यावरणीय समस्याओं का संबिधानीकरण है।” सुसंगत बाद विधियों की सहायता से इस कथन की विवेचना कीजिए। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court” Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.(Answer in 150 words)

    Q2 “भारत के सम्पूर्ण क्षेत्र में निवास करने और विचरण करने का अधिकार स्वतंत्र रूप से सभी भारतीय नागरिकों को उपलब्ध है, किन्तु ये अधिकार असीम नहीं है।” टिप्पणी कीजिए । (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    “Right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to the Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute.” Comment. (Answer in 150 words)

    Q3. आपकी राय में, भारत में शक्ति के विकेन्द्रीकरण ने जमीनी स्तर पर शासन परिदृश्य को किस सीमा तक परिवर्तित किया है ? (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    To what extent, in your opinion, has the decentralization of power in India changed the governance landscape at the grassroots? (Answer in 150 words)

    Q4. राज्य सभा के सभापति के रूप में भारत के उप-राष्ट्रपति की भूमिका की विवेचना कीजिए । (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Discuss the role of the Vice-President of India as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (Answer in 150 words)

    Q5. राष्ट्रीय पिछड़ा वर्ग आयोग के सांविधिक निकाय से संवैधानिक निकाय में रूपांतरण को ध्यान में रखने हुए इसकी भूमिका की विवेचना कीजिए। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Discuss the role of the National Commission for Backward Classes in the wake of its transformation from a statutory body to a constitutional body.(Answer in 150 words) 

    Q6. गति-शक्ति योजना को संयोजकता के लक्ष्य को प्राप्त करने के लिए सरकार और निजी क्षेत्र के मध्य सतर्क समन्वय की आवश्यकता है। विवेचना कीजिए। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    The Gati-Shakti Yojana needs meticulous coordination between the government and the private sector to achieve the goal of connectivity. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)

    Q7. दिव्यांगता के संदर्भ में सरकारी पदाधिकारियों और नागरिकों की गहन संवेदनशीलता के बिना दिव्यांगजन अधिकार अधिनियम, 2016 केवल विधिक दस्तावेज़ बनकर रह जाता है । टिप्पणी कीजिए । ( 150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 remains only a legal document without intense sensitization of government functionaries and citizens regarding disability. Comment. (Answer in 150 words)

    Q8. प्रत्यक्ष लाभ अंतरण योजना के माध्यम से सरकारी प्रदेय व्यवस्था में सुधार एक प्रगतिशील क़दम है, किन्तु इसकी अपनी सीमाएँ भी हैं। टिप्पणी कीजिए। ( 150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Reforming the government delivery system through the Direct Benefit The transfer Scheme is a progressive step, but it has its limitations too. Comment. ( Answer in 150 words) 

    Q9. ‘भारत श्रीलंका का बरसों पुराना मित्र है ।’ पूर्ववर्ती कथन के आलोक में श्रीलंका के वर्तमान संकट में भारत की भूमिका की विवेचना कीजिए । (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    “India is an age-old friend of Sri Lanka.’ Discuss India’s role in the recent crisis in Sri Lanka in the light of the preceding statement. (Answer in 150 words)

    Q10. आपके विचार में क्या बिमस्टेक (BIMSTEC ) सार्क (SAARC) की तरह एक समानांतर संगठन है ? इन दोनों के बीच क्या समानताएँ और असमानताएँ हैं ? इस नए संगठन के बनाए जाने से भारतीय विदेश नीति के उद्देश्य कैसे प्राप्त हुए हैं ? (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Do you think that BIMSTEC is a parallel organization like the SAARC? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two? How are Indian foreign policy objectives realized by forming this new organization?( Answer in 150 words) 

    Q11. लोक प्रतिनिधित्व अधिनियम, 1951 के अन्तर्गत संसद अथवा राज्य विधायिका के सदस्यों के चुनाव से उभरे विवादों के निर्णय की प्रक्रिया का विवेचन कीजिए। किन आधारों पर किसी निर्वाचित घोषित प्रत्याशी के निर्वाचन को शून्य घोषित किया जा सकता है ? इस निर्णय के विरुद्ध पीड़ित पक्षको कौन-सा उपचार उपलब्ध है ? वाद विधियों का सन्दर्भ दीजिए । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए )

    Discuss the procedures to decide the disputes arising out of the election of a Member of the Parliament or State Legislature under The Representation of the People Act, 1951. What are the grounds on which the election of any returned candidate may be declared void? What remedy is available to the aggrieved party against the decision? Refer to the case laws. ( Answer in 250 words)

    Q12. राज्यपाल द्वारा विधायी शक्तियों के प्रयोग की आवश्यक शर्तों का विवेचन कीजिए । विधायिका के समक्ष रखे बिना राज्यपाल द्वारा अध्यादेशों के पुनः प्रख्यापन की वैधता की विवेचना कीजिए । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर

    दीजिए)

    Discuss the essential conditions for the exercise of the legislative powers by the Governor. Discuss the legality of the re-promulgation of ordinances by the Governor without placing them before the Legislature. (Answer in 250 words)

    Q 13. “भारत में राष्ट्रीय राजनैतिक दल केन्द्रीयकरण के पक्ष में हैं, जबकि क्षेत्रीय दल राज्य-स्वायत्तता के पक्ष में ।” टिप्पणी कीजिए। ( 250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) “While the national political parties in India favour centralisation, the regional parties are in favor of State autonomy.” Comment. (Answer in 250 words)

    Q14. भारत और फ्रांस के राष्ट्रपति के निर्वाचित होने की प्रक्रिया का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Critically examine the procedures through which the Presidents of India and France are elected. (Answer in 250 words) 

    Q15. आदर्श आचार संहिता के उद्भव के आलोक में, भारत के निर्वाचन आयोग की भूमिका का विवेचन कीजिए । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए )

    Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in light of the evolution of the Model Code of Conduct. (Answer in 250 words) 

    Q16. कल्याणकारी योजनाओं के अतिरिक्त भारत को समाज के वंचित वर्गों और ग़रीबों की सेवा के लिए मुद्रास्फीति और बेरोज़गारी के कुशल प्रबंधन की आवश्यकता है। चर्चा कीजिए । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    Besides the welfare schemes, India needs deft management of inflation and unemployment to serve the poor and the underprivileged sections of the society. Discuss. ( Answer in 250 words)

    Q17. क्या आप इस मत से सहमत हैं कि विकास हेतु दाता अभिकरणों पर बढ़ती निर्भरता विकास प्रक्रिया में सामुदायिक भागीदारी के महत्त्व को घटाती है ? अपने उत्तर के औचित्य को सिद्ध कीजिए । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए )

    Do you agree with the view that increasing dependence on donor agencies for development reduces the importance of community participation in the development process? Justify your answer. (Answer in 250 words)

    18 स्कूली शिक्षा के महत्त्व के बारे में जागरूकता उत्पन्न किए बिना, बच्चों की शिक्षा में प्रेरणा-आधारित पद्धति के संवर्धन में निःशुल्क और अनिवार्य बाल शिक्षा का अधिकार अधिनियम, 2009 अपर्याप्त है । विश्लेषण कीजिए । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 remains inadequate in promoting an incentive-based system for children’s education without generating awareness about the importance of schooling. Analyze. (Answer in 250 words)

    19. I2U2 (भारत, इज़रायल, संयुक्त अरब अमीरात और संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका) समूहन वैश्विक राजनीति में भारत की स्थिति को किस प्रकार रूपांतरित करेगा ? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 

    How will I2U2 ( India, Israel, UAE, and the USA) grouping transform India’s position in global politics? (Answer in 250 words)

    20. ‘स्वच्छ ऊर्जा आज की ज़रूरत है ।’ भू-राजनीति के सन्दर्भ में, विभिन्न अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय मंचों में जलवायु परिवर्तन की दिशा में भारत की बदलती नीति का संक्षिप्त वर्णन कीजिए । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)

    ‘Clean energy is the order of the day.’ Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics. (Answer in 250 words)


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  • (Download) UPSC Mains 2022: GS-1 question paper PDF | 85% of Questions in GS-1 directly from CD’s test series & Samachar Manthan

    (Download) UPSC Mains 2022: GS-1 question paper PDF | 85% of Questions in GS-1 directly from CD’s test series & Samachar Manthan

    Civilsdaily firmly believes that a dream can’t become reality through magic. It takes sweat, dual-sided determination, and the hard work of both mentors and students. Doing the best in 2021 puts them in the best place for 2022. 

    Today we, the CD mentors team, once again have a claim on 85% of questions that came in the GS-1 paper of the UPSC mains 2022.

    Yes, 85% of Questions have directly come from Our Test Series & Samachar Manthan

    GS-1 Question Paper of IAS mains 2022

    Ques1. स्पष्ट करें कि मध्यकालीन भारतीय मंदिरों की मूर्तिकला उस दौर के सामाजिक जीवन का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Ques 1. How will you explain that medieval Indian temple sculptures represent the social life of those days ? (Answer in 150 words)

    Ques2. अधिकांश भारतीय सिपाहियों वाली ईस्ट इंडिया की सेना क्यों तत्कालीन भारतीय शासकों की संख्याबल में अधिक और बेहतर सुसज्जित सेना से लगातार जीतती रही ? कारण बताएँ । (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Why did the armies of the British East India Company – mostly comprising of Indian soldiers – win consistently against the more numerous and better equipped armies of the then Indian rulers ? Give reasons. (Answer in 150 words)

    Ques3. औपनिवेशिक भारत की अठारहवीं शताब्दी के मध्य से क्यों अकाल पड़ने में अचानक वृद्धि देखने को मिलती है ? कारण बताएँ। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Why was there a sudden spurt in famines in colonial India since the mid-eighteenth century? Give reasons. (Answer in 150 words)

    4. प्राथमिक चट्टानों की विशेषताओं एवं प्रकारों का वर्णन कीजिए। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Describe the characteristics and types of primary rocks. ( Answer in 150 words)

    5. भारतीय मौसम विज्ञान विभाग द्वारा चक्रवात प्रवण क्षेत्रों के लिए मौसम-सम्बन्धी चेतावनियों के लिए निर्धारित रंग-संकेत के अर्थ की चर्चा करें। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Discuss the meaning of color-coded weather warnings for cyclone-prone areas given by the India Meteorological Department. ( Answer in 150 words)

    6. ‘दक्कन ट्रैप’ की प्राकृतिक संसाधन-सम्भावनाओं की चर्चा कीजिए । ( 150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Discuss the natural resource potentials of Deccan Trap’. (Answer in 150 words)

    7. भारत में पवन ऊर्जा की संभावना का परीक्षण कीजिए एवं उनके सीमित क्षेत्रीय विस्तार के कारणों को समझाइए। ( 150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Examine the potential of wind energy in India and explain the reasons for their limited spatial spread. (Answer in 150 words)

    8. पारिवारिक सम्बन्धों पर ‘वर्क फ्रॉम होम’ के असर की छानबीन तथा मूल्यांकन करें। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Explore and evaluate the impact of ‘Work From Home on family relationships. (Answer in 150 words)

    9. उपभोक्ता संस्कृति के विशेष परिप्रेक्ष्य में नव मध्यवर्ग के उभार से टीयर 2 शहरों का विकास। किस तरह सम्बन्धित है ? (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    How is the growth of Tier 2 cities related to the rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption ? (Answer in 150 words)

    10. भारत के जनजातीय समुदायों की विविधताओं को देखते हुए किस विशिष्ट सन्दर्भ के अन्तर्गत उन्हें किसी एकल श्रेणी में माना जाना चाहिए ? (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Given the diversities among tribal communities in India, in which specific contexts 10 should they be considered as a single category? (Answer in 150 words)

    11. राज्यों एवं प्रदेशों का राजनीतिक और प्रशासनिक पुनर्गठन उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के मध्य से निरंतर चल रही एक प्रक्रिया है। उदाहरण सहित विचार करें। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    The political and administrative reorganization of states and territories has been a continuous ongoing process since the mid-nineteenth century. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 250 words) 

    12. भारतीय परम्परा और संस्कृति में गुप्त काल और चोल-काल के योगदान पर चर्चा करें । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें) 

    Discuss the main contributions of the Gupta period and the Chola period to Indian heritage and culture. (Answer in 250 words) 

    13.  भारतीय मिथक, कला और वास्तुकला में सिंह एवं वृषभ की आकृतियों के महत्व पर विचार करें । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें) 

    Discuss the significance of the lion and bull figures in Indian mythology, art, and architecture. (Answer in 250 words) 

    14. समुद्री धाराओं को प्रभावित करने वाली शक्तियों कौन सी हैं ? विश्व के मत्स्य उद्योग में इनके योगदान का वर्णन करें। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें) 

    What are the forces that influence ocean currents? Describe their role in the fishing industry of the world. (Answer in 250 words) 

    15. रबर उत्पादक देशों के वितरण का वर्णन करते हुए उनके द्वारा सामना किए जाने वाले प्रमुख पर्यावरणीय मुद्दों को इंगित कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Describing the distribution of rubber-producing countries, indicate the major environmental issues faced by them. ( Answer in 250 words)

    16. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार में जलसंधि व स्थलसंधि के महत्त्व का उल्लेख कीजिए । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Mention the significance of straits and isthmus in international trade. (Answer in 250 words)

    17. क्षोभमंडल वायुमंडल का एक महत्त्वपूर्ण परत है जो मौसम प्रक्रियाओं को निर्धारित करता है। कैसे ? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Troposphere is a very significant atmospheric layer that determines weather 15 processes. How? (Answer in 250 words)

    18. भारतीय समाज में जाति, क्षेत्र तथा धर्म के समानांतर ‘पंथ’ की विशेषता की विवेचना कीजिए । (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें) 

    Analyse the salience of ‘sect’ in Indian society vis-a-vis caste, region and religion. (Answer in 250 words)

    19. क्या सहिष्णुता, सम्मिलन एवं बहुलता मुख्य तत्त्व हैं जो धर्मनिरपेक्षता के भारतीय रूप का निर्माण करते हैं ? तर्कसंगत उत्तर दें। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Are tolerance, assimilation, and pluralism the key elements in the making of an Indian form of secularism? Justify your answer. ( Answer in 250 words) 

    20. अपर्याप्त संसाधनों की दुनिया में भूमंडलीकरण एवं नए तकनीक के रिश्ते को भारत के विशेष सन्दर्भ में स्पष्ट करें। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)

    Elucidate the relationship between globalization and new technology in a world of scarce resources, with special reference to India. (Answer in 250 words)



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