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  • What is UNCITRAL Model for Cross-Border Insolvency?

    The Economic Survey 2021-22 has called for a standardized framework for cross-border insolvency as the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) at present does not have an instrument to restructure firms involving cross-border jurisdictions.

    What is the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC)?

    • The IBC, 2016 is the bankruptcy law of India that seeks to consolidate the existing framework by creating a single law for insolvency and bankruptcy.
    • It is a one-stop solution for resolving insolvencies which previously was a long process that did not offer an economically viable arrangement.
    • The code aims to protect the interests of small investors and make the process of doing business less cumbersome.

    Cross-border insolvency proceedings

    • Cross-border insolvency proceedings are relevant for the resolution of distressed companies with assets and liabilities across multiple jurisdictions.
    • A framework for cross border insolvency proceedings allows for:
    1. Location of such a company’s foreign assets
    2. Identification of creditors and their claims
    3. Establishing payment towards claims and
    4. Process for coordination between courts in different countries

    Current status of foreign stakeholders and courts in other jurisdictions under IBC

    • Foreign creditors can make claims against a domestic company.
    • However, the IBC currently does not allow for automatic recognition of any insolvency proceedings in other countries.
    • Current provisions do not allow Indian courts to address the issue of foreign assets of a company being subjected to parallel insolvency proceedings in other jurisdictions.

    What is the UNCITRAL Model?

    • The UNCITRAL model is the most widely accepted legal framework to deal with cross-border insolvency issues.
    • It has been adopted by 49 countries, including the UK, the US, South Africa, South Korea, and Singapore.
    • It is designed to assist States in reforming and modernizing their laws on the arbitral procedure so as to take into account the particular features and needs of international commercial arbitration.

    Key provisions

    This law works on four main principles: access, recognition, cooperation and coordination:

    1. Direct access to foreign insolvency professionals and foreign creditors to participate in or commence domestic insolvency proceedings against a defaulting debtor.
    2. Recognition of foreign proceedings & provision of remedies.
    3. Cooperation between domestic and foreign courts & domestic and foreign insolvency practitioners.
    4. Coordination between two or more concurrent insolvency proceedings in different countries: The main proceeding is determined by the concept of Centre of Main Interest (COMI).

    Implications for India

    • The framework for cross-border insolvency adopted in India may like in the case of some other countries require reciprocity from any country which seeks to have its insolvency proceedings recognised by Indian courts.
    • This would allow Indian proceedings for foreign corporate debtors to be recognised in foreign jurisdictions.

    How is IBC different from the model law?

    • Many countries that adopt the UNCITRAL model law do make certain changes to suit their domestic requirements.
    • The Indian cross-border insolvency framework excludes financial service providers from being subjected to cross-border insolvency proceedings.
    • This is because many countries exempt businesses providing critical financial services, such as banks and insurance companies, from the provisions of cross-border insolvency frameworks.

    Back2Basics: UNCITRAL

    • It is an affiliate organization to the UN made up of business and legal professionals.
    • This group develops model standards and procedures for dealing with issues affecting international business.
    • Perhaps most notably, UNCITRAL promulgated the Convention on International Sale of Goods (CISG).
    • The CISG is a model law commonly used as the governing provisions in contracts between parties from different nations.

     

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  • What is Design Linked Incentive (DLI) Scheme?

    India has invited applications from 100 domestic companies, startups, and small and medium enterprises to become a part of the design-linked incentive (DLI) scheme.

    What is the DLI scheme?

    • Aims to provide financial and infrastructural support to companies setting up fabs or semiconductor making plants in India.
    • It aims to attract existing and global players as it will support their expenditures related to design software, IP rights, development, testing, and deployment.
    • Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC), a scientific society operating under MeitY, will serve as the nodal agency for the implementation of the DLI scheme.

    Components of the scheme

    It has three components which are

    1. Chip Design infrastructure support: C-DAC will set up the India Chip Centre to host the state-of-the-art design infrastructure (viz. EDA Tools, IP Cores, and support for MPW (Multi Project Wafer fabrication) & post-silicon validation) and facilitate its access to supported companies.
    2. Product Design Linked Incentive: Reimbursement of up to 50% of the eligible expenditure subject to a ceiling of Rs. 15 Crore per application will be provided as financial support to the approved applicants who are engaged in semiconductor design.
    3. Deployment Linked Incentive: An incentive of 6% to 4% of net sales turnover over 5 years subject to a ceiling of Rs. 30 Crore per application will be provided to approved applicants whose semiconductor design for Integrated Circuits (ICs), Chipsets, System on Chips (SoCs), Systems & IP Cores and semiconductor linked design are deployed in electronic products.

    Why need such a scheme?

    Ans. Growing semiconductor demand in India

    • The semiconductor industry is growing fast and can reach $1 trillion dollars in this decade. India can grow fast and reach $64 billion by 2026 from $27 billion today.
    • Mobiles, wearables, IT, and industrial components are the leading segments in the Indian semiconductor industry contributing around 80% of the revenues in 2021.
    • The mobile and wearables segment is valued at $13.8 billion and is expected to reach $31.5 billion in 2026.

    A boost to semiconductor manufacturing

    • The sudden surge in demand for chips and semiconductor components has underpinned the need to establish a robust semiconductor ecosystem in India.
    • Several sectors, including auto, telecom, and medical technology suffered due to the unexpected surge leading to the scarcity of chips manufactured by only a few countries.
    • The inception of new companies will help in meeting the demand and supply and encourage innovation in India.

    What are other countries doing to be dominant in the race of chip-making?

    • Currently, semiconductor manufacturing is dominated by companies in the U.S., Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Israel, and the Netherlands.
    • They are also making efforts in solving the chip shortage problem.
    • The US wants to bring manufacturing back to America and reduce the country’s reliance on a small number of chipmakers based largely in Taiwan and South Korea.
    • These chipmakers produce up to 70% of the world’s semiconductors.

    Challenges in India

    • No incubation: In India, more than 90% of global companies already have their R&D and design centers for semiconductors but never established their fabrication units.
    • Strategic sector: Although India has semiconductor fabs in Mohali and Bangalore, they are purely strategic for defense and space applications only
    • Capital requirement: Setting up fabs is capital intensive and needs investment in the range of $5 billion to $10 billion.
    • Lack of supportive policies: Lack of investments and supportive government policies are some of the challenges to setting up fabs in India.
    • Geopolitical limitations: A combination of capital and the geopolitical situation comes into play to build new fabs.

    Way forward

    • Further incentivization: Schemes like the DLI are crucial to avoid high dependencies on a few countries or companies.
    • Raw material supply: Several gases and minerals which are a part of the global semiconductor supply chain are produced in India.
    • Large talent pool: Availability of highly-skilled engineers for semiconductor manufacturing.

    Conclusion

    • The 21st century will be an era of Digital revolution signifying an increased use of mobile phones and computer devices. This enhanced usage can be met only with a robust availability of semiconductor chips that sustains their functioning. Therefore India needs to focus on the indigenous development of semiconductors in order to realize its digital potential and emerge as a strong power in the present era.

     

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  • President quotes Thirukkural while addressing Parliament

    President Ram Nath Kovind quoted a couplet from Thirukkural while addressing the joint Houses of Parliament for Budget Session.

    What did the President quote?

    • ‘Karka Kasadara Karpavai Kattrapin Nirka Atharku Thaka’ was the couplet chosen by him to reiterate the importance of the New Education Policy.
    • The couplet insists on thorough and flawless learning and adhering to what one has learnt.

    What is Thirukkural?

    • The Tirukkuṟaḷ (meaning ‘sacred verses’), or shortly the Kural, is a classic Tamil language text consisting of 1,330 short couplets, or kurals, of seven words each.
    • The text is divided into three books with aphoristic teachings on virtue (aram), wealth (porul) and love (inbam), respectively.
    • Considered one of the greatest works ever written on ethics and morality, it is known for its universality and secular nature.

    Three major parts of the book

    1. Aram : Book of Virtue (Dharma), dealing with moral values of an individual and essentials of yoga philosophy
    2. Porul : Book of Polity (Artha), dealing with socio-economic values, polity, society and administration
    3. Inbam: Book of Love (Kama), dealing with psychological values and love

    Who authored it and when?

    • Its authorship is traditionally attributed to Valluvar, also known in full as Thiruvalluvar.
    • The text has been dated variously from 300 BCE to 5th century CE.
    • The traditional accounts describe it as the last work of the third Sangam, but linguistic analysis suggests a later date of 450 to 500 CE and that it was composed after the Sangam period.

    Cultural significance of Thirukkural

    • The Kural is traditionally praised with epithets and alternative titles, including “the Tamil Veda” and “the Divine Book.”
    • Written on the foundations of ahimsa, it emphasizes non-violence and moral vegetarianism as virtues for an individual.
    • In addition, it highlights truthfulness, self-restraint, gratitude, hospitality, kindness, goodness, duty, giving, and so forth.
    • It covers a wide range of social and political topics such as king, ministers, taxes, justice, forts, war, greatness of army and soldier’s honor.
    • It emphasizes death sentence for the wicked, agriculture, education, abstinence from alcohol and intoxicants.
    • It also includes chapters on friendship, love, sexual unions, and domestic life.

    Read these quotes and bookmark them. They can be used in essays:

    1. Nothing is impossible for those who act after wise counsel and careful thought.
    2. Real kindness seeks no return.
    3. The only gift is giving to the poor; All else is exchange.
    4. Friendship with the wise gets better with time, as a good book gets better with age.
    5. Worthless are those who injure others vengefully, while those who stoically endure are like stored gold.
    6. Among a man’s many good possessions, A good command of speech has no equal. Prosperity and ruin issue from the power of the tongue. Therefore, guard yourself against thoughtless speech.
    7. A fortress is of no use to cowards.
    8. Even the ignorant may appear very worthy, If they keep silent before the learned.

     

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  • [pib] Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas

    The Hoysala Temples of Belur, Halebid and Somnathapura in Karnataka have been finalized as India’s nomination for consideration as World Heritage for the year 2022-2023.

    Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas

    • The sacred ensembles of the Hoysalas are extraordinary expressions of spiritual purpose and vehicles of spiritual practice and attainment.
    • The sacred ensembles of the Hoysalas at Belur and Halebid are the finest, most exquisite, and most representative examples of the artistic genius and cultural accomplishments of the Hoysalas remaining today.

     [I] Belur: Chennakeshava Temple Complex

    • The Chennakeshava temple complex was at the center of the old walled town located on the banks of the Yagachi River.
    • The complex itself was walled in a rectangular campus with four rectilinear streets around it for ritual circumambulation of the deity.
    • Construction of the temple commenced in 1117 AD and took a 103 years to complete.
    • The temple was devoted to Vishnu.
    • The richly sculptured exterior of the temple narrate scenes from the life of Vishnu and his reincarnations and the epics, Ramayana, and Mahabharata.
    • However, some of the representations of Shiva are also included.
    • Consecrated on a sacred site, the temple has remained continuously worshipped since its establishment and remains until today as a site of pilgrimage for Vaishnavites.

    [II] Halebid: Hoysaleshwara Temple

    • At the zenith of the Hoysala empire, the capital was shifted from Belur to Halebid that was then known as Dorasamudhra.
    • The Hoysaleshwara temple at Halebidu is the most exemplary architectural ensemble of the Hoysalas extant today.
    • Built in 1121CE during the reign of the Hoysala King, Vishnuvardhana Hoysaleshwara.
    • The temple, dedicated to Shiva, was sponsored and built by wealthy citizens and merchants of Dorasamudra.
    • The temple is most well-known for the more than 240 wall sculptures that run all along the outer wall.
    • Halebid has a walled complex containing of three Jaina basadi (temples) of the Hoysala period as well as a stepped well.

    [III] Somnathpur: Kesava Temple

    • The Keshava temple at Somanathapura is another magnificent Hoysala monument, perhaps the last.
    • This is a breathtakingly beautiful Trikuta Temple dedicated to Lord Krishna in three forms – Janardhana, Keshava and Venugopala.
    • Unfortunately, the main Keshava idol is missing, and the Janardhana and Venugopala idols are damaged.
    • Still this temple is worth a visit just to soak in the artistry and sheer talent of the sculptors who created this magnificent monument to the Divine.

     

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  • Free Live Webinar @ 7PM Today, Registrations Closing Soon||What are the Top 10 Elimination Techniques Used by Toppers in UPSC Prelims to Solve Answers When They Are Unsure of the Right Option?|| Free Live Webinar by Two-Time Interview Qualified Civilsdaily Mentor Parth Verma Sir|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    Free Live Webinar @ 7PM Today, Registrations Closing Soon||What are the Top 10 Elimination Techniques Used by Toppers in UPSC Prelims to Solve Answers When They Are Unsure of the Right Option?|| Free Live Webinar by Two-Time Interview Qualified Civilsdaily Mentor Parth Verma Sir|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    register here for the free live webinar on the elimination techniques for prelims 2022 by parth sir

    Knowledge alone is not enough to clear UPSC Prelims. Elimination techniques alone are not enough to crack this exam. One needs both to clear UPSC Prelims from 2014 onwards. Since UPSC Prelims is the toughest exam out of Interview and Mains with over 9.5 lakh aspirants getting disqualified, it’s always better to think about increasing 20-30 marks with your existing knowledge using elimination techniques.

    Why is that with the same syllabus, the same study materials and similar syllabus and similar study materials, most candidates score differently? For some, just a reading of the Spectrum book is enough to answer all the Modern History questions, but for others despite reading the same book this is what they face in exams —

    https://twitter.com/MemeUpsc/status/1485128344903745537

    If it’s about prelims exam performance, then aspirants fall into either of these four categories. Which category are you in currently?

    1) Prelims score 0-40: They need to work on improving their knowledge first and then learn answering tricks
    2) Prelims score 50-70: They have decent knowledge and decent answering tricks. But this is not enough to clear Prelims, they need to be an above average performer. Hence, they must focus on preparing for the topics they have scored less in their mock tests.
    3) Prelims score 80-100: They have good knowledge but they need to develop answering tricks. They can do without learning elimination techniques as well, but if they wish to be on the same time learning elimination techniques will guarantee them success.
    4) Prelims score 120+: They have excellent knowledge and know all the answering tricks.

    REGISTER HERE FOR THE FREE LIVE WEBINAR ON THE ELIMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR PRELIMS 2022 BY PARTH SIR

    Free Open to All Webinar by Parth Sir on UPSC Prelims Answering Tricks and Elimination Techniques

    UPSC 2020 AIR 30 Topper & Civilsdaily Student Divyanshu Chaudhary says how elimination techniques are useful for UPSC Prelims

    Knowledge of a topic precedes elimination techniques in Prelims exam. Without knowing much about a topic, if one uses elimination techniques, it will only backfire.

    Clearing Prelims is all about Knowledge + Answering Tricks (Tikdams). And while you are studying hard to improve your knowledge, Parth sir will help you improve your answering techniques, for absolutely FREE!

    The webinar will have live demonstration of few questions from Smash Prelims 2022 mock tests and how elimination technique can be used when one is not sure between two similar looking options. Let’s look at an example to understand how.

    In the context of Colonial India, Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sehgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillion are remembered as

    a) Leaders of Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
    b) Members of the Interim Government in 1946
    c) Members of the Drafting Committee in the Constituent Assembly
    d) Officers of the Indian National Army

    If you have come across the names while reading, using elimination techniques will help you recollect exactly what you had read.

    Parth sir will explain how you can answer these questions with smart techniques, even if you DON’T know the answer but have read the topic before.

    REGISTER HERE FOR THE FREE LIVE WEBINAR ON THE ELIMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR PRELIMS 2022 BY PARTH SIR

    Key Takeaways of Free Live Webinar by Parth Sir

    This is your opportunity to learn the tricks that can help you score 120+ in your Prelims. Join Parth sir for a free webinar and this is what you can learn:

    1. 10 Different types of elimination/intelligent guess techniques for hard to verify facts through solving previous year UPSC questions.

    2. How to master the Elimination techniques, used by toppers.

    3. Ideal strategy for the Last 120 days for UPSC prelims 2022.

    4. Which are the tricky topics in the syllabus where one can use elimination techniques? Like for example information technology is a perfect topic where tricky questions can come from.

    6.Open Q&A session with Parth sir

    Webinar Details

    We are inviting all serious aspirants to grab this FREE opportunity to learn the tricks that toppers use to score higher than everyone else. 

    There are limited slots available so we request you to enroll now!

    Date: 1st February, 2022

    Time: 7:00 P.M.

    REGISTER HERE FOR THE FREE LIVE WEBINAR ON THE ELIMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR PRELIMS 2022 BY PARTH SIR

    About Parth Sir

    Our Civilsdaily Mentor, Mr Parth has been mentoring students since 2017. He has an admirable experience of attending UPSC-CSE interview two times. Parth sir has always scored 400+ in all the 4 GS Mains Subjects. The secret of success according to him is consistency and time-management.

  • Highlights of the Economic Survey 2021-22

    The Union Minister for Finance & Corporate Affairs has presented the Economic Survey 2021-22 in Parliament.

    What is the Economic Survey?

    • The Economic Survey is a report on the state of the economy in the past one year, the key challenges it anticipates, and their possible solutions.
    • One day before the Union budget, the Chief Economic Adviser (CEA) releases the Economic Survey.
    • The document is prepared by the Economic Division of the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) , Ministry of Finance.
    • Once prepared, the Survey is approved by the Finance Minister.
    • The first survey was presented in 1950-51. Until 1964, the document was presented along with the Budget.

    Why is the Economic Survey significant?

    • The Economic Survey is a crucial document as it provides a detailed, official version of the government’s take on the country’s economic condition.
    • It can also be used to highlight some key areas of focus — for example, in 2018, the survey presented by the then CEA Arvind Subramanian was pink in colour, to stress on gender equality.

    Is it binding on the government?

    • The government is NOT constitutionally bound to present the Economic Survey or to follow the recommendations that are made in it.
    • If the government so chooses, it can reject all suggestions laid out in the document.
    • But while the Centre is not obliged to present the Survey at all, it is tabled because of the significance it holds.

    Highlights of the Economic Survey 2021-22

    [1] State of the Economy

    • Economic growth: Indian economy estimated to grow by 9.2 percent in real terms in 2021-22 (as per first advanced estimates) subsequent to a contraction of 7.3 percent in 2020-21. 
    • GDP growth: GDP projected to grow by 8- 8.5 percent in real terms in 2022-23.  
    • Agriculture and allied sectors: They are expected to grow by 3.9 percent; industry by 11.8 percent and services sector by 8.2 percent in 2021-22.

     [2] Fiscal Developments

    • Revenue receipts: These have gone up by 67.2 percent (YoY) as against an expected growth of 9.6 percent in the 2021-22 Budget Estimates.
    • Gross Tax Revenue: It registered a growth of over 50 percent during April to November, 2021 in YoY terms. 
    • Borrowings: With the enhanced borrowings on account of COVID-19, the Central Government debt has gone up from 49.1 percent of GDP in 2019-20 to 59.3 percent of GDP in 2020-21/

    [3] External Sectors

    • India’s merchandise exports and imports rebounded strongly and surpassed pre-COVID levels during the current financial year.
    • Net capital flows: These were higher at US$ 65.6 billion in the first half of 2021-22, on account of continued inflow of foreign investment, revival in net external commercial borrowings, higher banking capital and additional special drawing rights (SDR) allocation.
    • India’s external debt: It rose to US $ 593.1 billion at end-September 2021, from US $ 556.8 billion a year earlier, reflecting additional SDR allocation by IMF, coupled with higher commercial borrowings.
    • Foreign Exchange Reserves: It touched US $ 633.6 billion in Dec 2021 making India the fourth largest forex reserves holder in the world after China, Japan and Switzerland.

    [4] Monetary Management and Financial Intermediation

    • Repo was maintained: The liquidity in the system remained in surplus. Repo rate was maintained at 4 per cent in 2021-22.
    • GSAP: RBI undertook various measures such as G-Sec Acquisition Programme and Special Long-Term Repo Operations to provide further liquidity.
    • NPAs declined: The Gross Non-Performing Advances ratio of Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) declined from 11.2 per cent at the end of 2017-18 to 6.9 per cent at the end of September, 2021.

    [5] Prices and Inflation

    • Control over food inflation: The decline in retail inflation was led by easing of food inflation. Proactive measures were taken to contain the price rise in pulses and edible oils.
    • Supply constraints eased: Effective supply-side management kept prices of most essential commodities under control during the year.
    • Fuel price reduction: Reduction in central excise and subsequent cuts in Value Added Tax by most States helped ease petrol and diesel prices. 

    [6] Sustainable Development and Climate Change

    • Sustainable development: India’s overall score on the NITI Aayog SDG India Index and Dashboard improved to 66 in 2020-21 from 60 in 2019-20 and 57 in 2018-19.
    • Rise in forest cover: India has the tenth largest forest area in the world. In 2020, India ranked third globally in increasing its forest area during 2010 to 2020. In 2020, the forests covered 24% of India’s total geographical, accounting for 2% of the world’s total forest area.
    • Plastic waste management (PWM): In August 2021, the PWM Amendment Rules, 2021, was notified which is aimed at phasing out single use plastic by 2022.
    • Extended Producer Responsibility for plastic: Draft rules for plastic packaging was notified.
    • Pledge on Net-Zero Emissions: The PM participated at COP-26 in Glasgow. He announced ambitious targets to achieve net-zero by 2070.

    [7] Agriculture and Food Management

    • Minimum Support Price (MSP) policy: It is being used to promote crop diversification.
    • Allied sector growth: Allied sectors including animal husbandry, dairying and fisheries are steadily emerging to be high growth sectors and major drivers of overall growth in agriculture sector.
    • Food security:  Government has further extended the coverage of food security network through schemes like PM Gareeb Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY).
    • Income Support: Timely release of PM-KISAN Funds.

    [8] Industry and Infrastructure:

    • Index of Industrial Production (IIP): It grew at 17.4 percent (YoY) during April-November 2021 as compared to -15.3 percent in April-November 2020.
    • Extent of road construction per day: This has increased substantially in 2020-21 to 36.5 Kms per day from 28 Kms per day in 2019-20 – a rise of 30.4 percent.
    • Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme: It gave a major boost to infrastructure-both physical as well as digital.

    [9] Services Sector

    • Growth despite pandemic: Overall service Sector GVA is expected to grow by 8.2 percent in 2021-22.
    • Opening up of space sector to private players: Major government reform.
    • India becomes start-up hub: India has become 3rd largest start-up ecosystem in the world after US and China.
    • Unicorns in India: 44 Indian start-ups have achieved unicorn status in 2021 taking overall tally of unicorns to 83, most of which are in services sector.

    [10] Social Infrastructure and Employment

    • Universal vaccination: 157.94 crore doses of COVID-19 vaccines administered (as on 16th January 2022).
    • Employment recovery: As per the quarterly Periodic Labour Force Survey (PFLS) data up to March 2021, employment in urban sector affected by pandemic has recovered almost to the pre-pandemic level.
    • Expenditure on social services (health, education and others): This expenditure by Centre and States as a proportion of GDP increased from 6.2 % in 2014-15 to 8.6% in 2021-22.
    • National Family Health Survey-5:
    1. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) came down to 2 in 2019-21 from 2.2 in 2015-16
    2. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), under-five mortality rate and institutional births have improved in 2019-21 over year 2015-16
    3. Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM): Under this, 83 districts have become ‘Har Ghar Jal’ districts.
    4. Continuance of MGNREGS: Increased allotment of funds to Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGS) to provide buffer for unorganized labour in rural areas during the pandemic.

  • 1st February 2022| Daily Answer Writing Enhancement(AWE)

    Topics for Today’s questions:

    GS-1      Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.

    GS-2     Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

    GS-3     Government Budgeting

    GS-4    Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

    Question 1)

     

    Q.1 The contemporary Indian society finds itself caught at the intersection of a growing aspiration to mimic the West and a revival of the conservative traditional outlook. Comment. (15 Marks)

     

    Question 2)

    Q.2 With its overriding focus on health and nutrition, early childhood care and education (ECCE) has hitherto been the weakest link of the anganwadi system. In the context of this, examine the role anganwadis can play in imparting ECCE and the challenges it can face in doing it. (10 Marks)

    Question 3)

    Q.3 What are the factors that explains the ballooning food subsidy amount in the Union Budget? What are the implications of such inefficiencies in subsidy? Suggest the way forward. (10 Marks)

    Question 4)  

    Q.4 Attitude is an important component that goes as input in the development of human being. How to build a suitable attitude needed for a public servant? (10 Marks)

     

    HOW TO ATTEMPT ANSWERS IN DAILY ANSWER WRITING ENHANCEMENT(AWE)?

    1. Daily 4 questions from General studies 1, 2, 3, and 4 will be provided to you.

    2. A Mentor’s Comment will be available for all answers. This can be used as a guidance tool but we encourage you to write original answers.

    3. You can write your answer on an A4 sheet and scan/click pictures of the same.

    4.  Upload the scanned answer in the comment section of the same question.

    5. Along with the scanned answer, please share your Razor payment ID, so that paid members are given priority.

    6. If you upload the answer on the same day like the answer of 11th  February is uploaded on 11th February then your answer will be checked within 72 hours. Also, reviews will be in the order of submission- First come first serve basis

    7. If you are writing answers late, for example, 11th February is uploaded on 13th February , then these answers will be evaluated as per the mentor’s schedule.

    8. We encourage you to write answers on the same day. However, if you are uploading an answer late then tag the mentor like @Staff so that the mentor is notified about your answer.

    *In case your answer is not reviewed, reply to your answer saying *NOT CHECKED*. 

    For the philosophy of AWE and payment: 

    CLICK HERE To join Daily AWE

  • What are the Top 10 Elimination Techniques Used by Toppers in UPSC Prelims to Solve Answers When They Are Unsure of the Right Option?|| Free Live Webinar by Two-Time Interview Qualified Civilsdaily Mentor Parth Verma Sir|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    What are the Top 10 Elimination Techniques Used by Toppers in UPSC Prelims to Solve Answers When They Are Unsure of the Right Option?|| Free Live Webinar by Two-Time Interview Qualified Civilsdaily Mentor Parth Verma Sir|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    register here for the free live webinar on the elimination techniques for prelims 2022 by parth sir

    Knowledge alone is not enough to clear UPSC Prelims. Elimination techniques alone are not enough to crack this exam. One needs both to clear UPSC Prelims from 2014 onwards. Since UPSC Prelims is the toughest exam out of Interview and Mains with over 9.5 lakh aspirants getting disqualified, it’s always better to think about increasing 20-30 marks with your existing knowledge using elimination techniques.

    Why is that with the same syllabus, the same study materials and similar syllabus and similar study materials, most candidates score differently? For some, just a reading of the Spectrum book is enough to answer all the Modern History questions, but for others despite reading the same book this is what they face in exams —

    https://twitter.com/MemeUpsc/status/1485128344903745537

    If it’s about prelims exam performance, then aspirants fall into either of these four categories. Which category are you in currently?

    1) Prelims score 0-40: They need to work on improving their knowledge first and then learn answering tricks
    2) Prelims score 50-70: They have decent knowledge and decent answering tricks. But this is not enough to clear Prelims, they need to be an above average performer. Hence, they must focus on preparing for the topics they have scored less in their mock tests.
    3) Prelims score 80-100: They have good knowledge but they need to develop answering tricks. They can do without learning elimination techniques as well, but if they wish to be on the same time learning elimination techniques will guarantee them success.
    4) Prelims score 120+: They have excellent knowledge and know all the answering tricks.

    REGISTER HERE FOR THE FREE LIVE WEBINAR ON THE ELIMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR PRELIMS 2022 BY PARTH SIR

    Free Open to All Webinar by Parth Sir on UPSC Prelims Answering Tricks and Elimination Techniques

    UPSC 2020 AIR 30 Topper & Civilsdaily Student Divyanshu Chaudhary says how elimination techniques are useful for UPSC Prelims

    Knowledge of a topic precedes elimination techniques in Prelims exam. Without knowing much about a topic, if one uses elimination techniques, it will only backfire.

    Clearing Prelims is all about Knowledge + Answering Tricks (Tikdams). And while you are studying hard to improve your knowledge, Parth sir will help you improve your answering techniques, for absolutely FREE!

    The webinar will have live demonstration of few questions from Smash Prelims 2022 mock tests and how elimination technique can be used when one is not sure between two similar looking options. Let’s look at an example to understand how.

    In the context of Colonial India, Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sehgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillion are remembered as

    a) Leaders of Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
    b) Members of the Interim Government in 1946
    c) Members of the Drafting Committee in the Constituent Assembly
    d) Officers of the Indian National Army

    If you have come across the names while reading, using elimination techniques will help you recollect exactly what you had read.

    Parth sir will explain how you can answer these questions with smart techniques, even if you DON’T know the answer but have read the topic before.

    REGISTER HERE FOR THE FREE LIVE WEBINAR ON THE ELIMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR PRELIMS 2022 BY PARTH SIR

    Key Takeaways of Free Live Webinar by Parth Sir

    This is your opportunity to learn the tricks that can help you score 120+ in your Prelims. Join Parth sir for a free webinar and this is what you can learn:

    1. 10 Different types of elimination/intelligent guess techniques for hard to verify facts through solving previous year UPSC questions.

    2. How to master the Elimination techniques, used by toppers.

    3. Ideal strategy for the Last 120 days for UPSC prelims 2022.

    4. Which are the tricky topics in the syllabus where one can use elimination techniques? Like for example information technology is a perfect topic where tricky questions can come from.

    6.Open Q&A session with Parth sir

    Webinar Details

    We are inviting all serious aspirants to grab this FREE opportunity to learn the tricks that toppers use to score higher than everyone else. 

    There are limited slots available so we request you to enroll now!

    Date: 1st February, 2022

    Time: 7:00 P.M.

    REGISTER HERE FOR THE FREE LIVE WEBINAR ON THE ELIMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR PRELIMS 2022 BY PARTH SIR

    About Parth Sir

    Our Civilsdaily Mentor, Mr Parth has been mentoring students since 2017. He has an admirable experience of attending UPSC-CSE interview two times. Parth sir has always scored 400+ in all the 4 GS Mains Subjects. The secret of success according to him is consistency and time-management.

  • What are the Top 10 Elimination Techniques Used by Toppers in UPSC Prelims to Solve Answers When They Are Unsure of the Right Option?|| Free Live Webinar by Two-Time Interview Qualified Civilsdaily Mentor Parth Verma Sir|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    What are the Top 10 Elimination Techniques Used by Toppers in UPSC Prelims to Solve Answers When They Are Unsure of the Right Option?|| Free Live Webinar by Two-Time Interview Qualified Civilsdaily Mentor Parth Verma Sir|| Limited Slots Available, Register Now

    register here for the free live webinar on the elimination techniques for prelims 2022 by parth sir

    Knowledge alone is not enough to clear UPSC Prelims. Elimination techniques alone are not enough to crack this exam. One needs both to clear UPSC Prelims from 2014 onwards. Since UPSC Prelims is the toughest exam out of Interview and Mains with over 9.5 lakh aspirants getting disqualified, it’s always better to think about increasing 20-30 marks with your existing knowledge using elimination techniques.

    Why is that with the same syllabus, the same study materials and similar syllabus and similar study materials, most candidates score differently? For some, just a reading of the Spectrum book is enough to answer all the Modern History questions, but for others despite reading the same book this is what they face in exams —

    https://twitter.com/MemeUpsc/status/1485128344903745537

    If it’s about prelims exam performance, then aspirants fall into either of these four categories. Which category are you in currently?

    1) Prelims score 0-40: They need to work on improving their knowledge first and then learn answering tricks
    2) Prelims score 50-70: They have decent knowledge and decent answering tricks. But this is not enough to clear Prelims, they need to be an above average performer. Hence, they must focus on preparing for the topics they have scored less in their mock tests.
    3) Prelims score 80-100: They have good knowledge but they need to develop answering tricks. They can do without learning elimination techniques as well, but if they wish to be on the same time learning elimination techniques will guarantee them success.
    4) Prelims score 120+: They have excellent knowledge and know all the answering tricks.

    REGISTER HERE FOR THE FREE LIVE WEBINAR ON THE ELIMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR PRELIMS 2022 BY PARTH SIR

    Free Open to All Webinar by Parth Sir on UPSC Prelims Answering Tricks and Elimination Techniques

    UPSC 2020 AIR 30 Topper & Civilsdaily Student Divyanshu Chaudhary says how elimination techniques are useful for UPSC Prelims

    Knowledge of a topic precedes elimination techniques in Prelims exam. Without knowing much about a topic, if one uses elimination techniques, it will only backfire.

    Clearing Prelims is all about Knowledge + Answering Tricks (Tikdams). And while you are studying hard to improve your knowledge, Parth sir will help you improve your answering techniques, for absolutely FREE!

    The webinar will have live demonstration of few questions from Smash Prelims 2022 mock tests and how elimination technique can be used when one is not sure between two similar looking options. Let’s look at an example to understand how.

    In the context of Colonial India, Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sehgal and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillion are remembered as

    a) Leaders of Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
    b) Members of the Interim Government in 1946
    c) Members of the Drafting Committee in the Constituent Assembly
    d) Officers of the Indian National Army

    If you have come across the names while reading, using elimination techniques will help you recollect exactly what you had read.

    Parth sir will explain how you can answer these questions with smart techniques, even if you DON’T know the answer but have read the topic before.

    REGISTER HERE FOR THE FREE LIVE WEBINAR ON THE ELIMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR PRELIMS 2022 BY PARTH SIR

    Key Takeaways of Free Live Webinar by Parth Sir

    This is your opportunity to learn the tricks that can help you score 120+ in your Prelims. Join Parth sir for a free webinar and this is what you can learn:

    1. 10 Different types of elimination/intelligent guess techniques for hard to verify facts through solving previous year UPSC questions.

    2. How to master the Elimination techniques, used by toppers.

    3. Ideal strategy for the Last 120 days for UPSC prelims 2022.

    4. Which are the tricky topics in the syllabus where one can use elimination techniques? Like for example information technology is a perfect topic where tricky questions can come from.

    6.Open Q&A session with Parth sir

    Webinar Details

    We are inviting all serious aspirants to grab this FREE opportunity to learn the tricks that toppers use to score higher than everyone else. 

    There are limited slots available so we request you to enroll now!

    Date: 1st February, 2022

    Time: 7:00 P.M.

    REGISTER HERE FOR THE FREE LIVE WEBINAR ON THE ELIMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR PRELIMS 2022 BY PARTH SIR

    About Parth Sir

    Our Civilsdaily Mentor, Mr Parth has been mentoring students since 2017. He has an admirable experience of attending UPSC-CSE interview two times. Parth sir has always scored 400+ in all the 4 GS Mains Subjects. The secret of success according to him is consistency and time-management.

  • How the Budget can push India’s health system transformation

    Context

    After decades of low government expenditure on health, the Covid pandemic created a societal consensus on the need to strengthen our health system.

    Steps to strengthen our health system

    • The Fifteenth Finance Commission recommended greater investment in rural and urban primary care, a nationwide disease surveillance system extending from the block-level to national institutes, a larger health workforce and the augmentation of critical care capacity of hospitals.
    • The Union budget of 2021 reflected these priorities in a proposed Pradhan Mantri Aatmanirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana (PMASBY) to be made operational over six years, with a budget of Rs 64,180 crore.
    • Broader vision of health: The Finance Minister also projected a broader vision of health beyond healthcare by merging allocations to water, sanitation, nutrition and air pollution control with the health budget.
    • Under the Ayushman Bharat umbrella the Digital Health Mission was launched in September 2021.
    • The Health Infrastructure Mission, launched in October 2021, was a renamed and augmented version of the PMASBY.
    • These missions join the two other components of Ayushman Bharat launched in 2018.
    • The Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) component is nested in the National Health Mission (NHM) while the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) is steered by the National Health Authority (NHA).

    Way forward

    • While much of the following needs to be done by the states, the Centre should incentivise and support such efforts by the states.
    • Link synergically: Primary healthcare services under the CPHC and linkage with water, sanitation, nutrition and pollution control programmes will strengthen the capacity of the health system for health promotion and disease prevention.
    • The budget of 2022 must not only fund these missions adequately but indicate how they will link synergically while functioning under different administrative agencies.
    • Allocate more funds: The NHM received only a 9.6 per cent increase in the 2021 budget.
    • PMJAY did not see an increase in allocation last year, because its utilisation for non-Covid care declined sharply in the previous year.
    •  More importantly, limiting cost coverage to hospitalised care reduces the PMJAY’s capacity to significantly lower out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) on health, which is driven mostly by outpatient care and expenditure on medicines.
    • Focus on Digital Heath Mission: The Digital Health Mission can enhance efficiency of the health systems in a variety of ways.
    • These include better data collection and analysis, improved medical and health records, efficient supply chain management, tele-health services, support for health workforce training, implementation of health insurance programmes, real time monitoring and sharper evaluation of health programme performance along with effective multi-sectoral coordination.
    • Improve the skill and number of healthcare workers:  We need to increase the numbers and improve the skills of all categories of healthcare providers.
    • While training specialist doctors could take time, the training of frontline workers like Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) can be done in a shorter time.
    • Upgrade district hospitals: District hospitals need to be upgraded, with greater investment in infrastructure, equipment and staffing.
    • In underserved regions, such district hospitals should be upgraded to become training centres for students of medical, nursing and allied health professional courses.

    Conclusion

    The expanded ambit of health, as defined in last year’s budget, must continue for aligning other sectors to public health objectives. The Union budget of 2022 can add further momentum to our health system transformation.

    UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

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