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What are Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)?

Why in the News? Major Indian private sector corporations expressed formal interest in setting up Small Modular Reactor (SMR)-based nuclear projects as part of the ‘Bharat Small Modular Reactors (BSMR)’ programme. What is the Bharat Small Modular Reactors (BSMR) Programme? Overview: India’s flagship nuclear programme, led by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and the… Continue reading

[pib] First Commercial Coal Mine in Arunachal Pradesh at Namchik-Namphuk

Why in the News? Arunachal Pradesh has launched its first commercial coal mine at the Namchik-Namphuk coal block in Changlang district. About the Namchik–Namphuk Coal Mine: Overview: Located in Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh, is the state’s first commercial coal mine, situated near the Indo-Myanmar border. Reserves & Quality: Holds ~15 million tonnes of lignite/sub-bituminous coal,… Continue reading

NATO Pipeline System (NPS)

Why in the News? Poland announced its long-awaited entry into the NATO Pipeline System (NPS) — a strategic move coming 25 years after joining NATO. About the NATO Pipeline System (NPS): Origin: 1950s, Cold War-era logistics backbone, upgraded over decades. Purpose: Ensures continuous supply of aviation fuel, diesel, kerosene & lubricants to NATO forces. Scale:… Continue reading

[pib] Exercise KONKAN-25

Why in the News? Exercise KONKAN-25 has commenced off the western coast of India, marking two decades of India–UK maritime cooperation. About Exercise KONKAN: Nature & Objective: Exercise KONKAN is an annual bilateral maritime exercise between the Indian Navy and the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. Objective: To strengthen interoperability, joint maritime operations, and… Continue reading

[2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] Achieving sustainable growth with emphasis on environmental protection could come into conflict with poor people’s needs in a country like India. Comment. (15 M)

Smash 2025 FLT 09 Q18. Discuss how poverty acts both as a driver and a consequence of environmental decline in India. How can policy interventions disrupt this cycle? PYQ Q. COVID-19 pandemic accelerated class inequalities and poverty in India. Comment. (2020) Sustainable development aims to balance economic growth, social justice, and environmental protection. However, in… Continue reading

[4th October 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The maritime signalling after Operation Sindoor

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2022] What are the maritime security challenges in India? Discuss the organizational, technical and procedural initiatives taken to improve the maritime security. Linkage: The post-Operation Sindoor naval manoeuvres highlight India’s evolving response to maritime security challenges, reflecting the same organizational, technical, and procedural upgradation, from indigenous fleet expansion (INS Nistar) to enhanced… Continue reading

India’s clean energy rise needs climate finance expansion

Introduction India’s clean energy story has entered a defining phase. With 24.5 GW of solar capacity added in 2024, India now stands as the third-largest solar power contributor in the world, after China and the U.S. This achievement reflects not only technological progress but also the country’s growing global leadership in renewable energy. Yet, behind… Continue reading

A red sunset? Why Maoist movement is on the decline

Introduction For nearly six decades, the Maoist insurgency has tested India’s state capacity, governance, and security architecture. Born from socio-economic inequalities and agrarian distress, it once posed a threat spanning the “Red Corridor” from Andhra Pradesh to Bihar. However, in 2025, India seems to be witnessing what could be a historical inflection point, a near… Continue reading

Sir Creek Border Dispute

Why in the News? Union Defence Minister recently warned Pakistan against misadventure in the Sir Creek region, stressing India’s resolve to defend its territorial integrity. About Sir Creek: Location & Geography: Sir Creek is a 96-km-long tidal estuary in the Rann of Kutch, forming part of the border between Gujarat (India) and Sindh (Pakistan). Physical… Continue reading

Thumri maestro Pandit Chhannulal Mishra passes away

Why in the News? Pandit Chhannulal Mishra, a maestro of Hindustani classical music and Padma Vibhushan recipient, passed away at 89. Who was Pandit Chhannulal Mishra? Background: Born in 1936 in Varanasi, Pandit Chhannulal Mishra emerged from a modest family to become one of India’s greatest Hindustani classical vocalists. Musical Lineage: Foremost exponent of the… Continue reading

Niti Aayog proposes Presumptive Taxation for Foreign Companies

Why in the News? NITI Aayog has released a working paper recommending the introduction of an optional presumptive taxation scheme for foreign companies operating in India. What is Presumptive Taxation? Overview: Presumptive taxation allows taxpayers to declare income at a fixed percentage (presumed rate) of total turnover or receipts without maintaining detailed books of accounts.… Continue reading

[2025 GS1 UPSC MAINS] How do you account for the growing fast food industries given that there are increased health concerns in modern society? Illustrate your answer with the Indian experience. (15 Marks)

Smash 2025 FLT 10 Q18. The silent epidemic of lifestyle diseases and mental health disorders is no longer confined to urban India. Discuss the key drivers of this health transition in rural and semi-urban India. The rise of fast food reflects the paradox of modern society: while people are increasingly aware of the health risks… Continue reading

[3rd October 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Should Ladakh get statehood?

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2024] What changes has the Union Government recently introduced in the domain of Centre-State relations? Suggest measures to strengthen federalism. Linkage: Ladakh’s case reflects the Union’s increasing control over border UTs, where administrative powers lie with the LG and Centre, marginalising local bodies — a recent trend in Centre-State/UT relations. Strengthening federalism… Continue reading

Cost of convenience, health hazards a a side effect of using digital tools

Introduction India’s embrace of the digital revolution has been rapid and transformative. From smartphones to smart homes, electronics have become integral to urban living. However, this transformation carries a dark underbelly: the mounting crisis of e-waste. In 2025, India generated 2.2 million tonnes of e-waste, becoming the third-largest generator globally, after China and the United… Continue reading

Can diaspora please stand up

Introduction The Indian-American diaspora is often hailed as one of the most successful immigrant groups in the United States, with the highest median household income among all ethnicities, six Fortune 500 CEOs, governors, Congress members, and leaders in federal agencies like the CDC and FBI. However, recent U.S. policy shifts, such as increased tariffs on… Continue reading

What are Flying Rivers/ Atmospheric Rivers?

Why in the News? Droughts and fires in South America highlight the importance of “flying rivers” — rain-bearing vapor streams disrupted by Amazon deforestation. What are Atmospheric Rivers? Overview: Long, narrow bands of concentrated water vapour in the lower atmosphere, often termed “rivers in the sky.” Dimensions: Typically 2,000–5,000 km long, 400–500 km wide, and… Continue reading

Climate Models and Their Accuracy

Why in the News? The US President Donald Trump called climate change the “greatest con job ever,” disgusted with the predictions based on climate models central to climate science. What are Climate Models? Overview: Climate models are computer simulations using mathematical equations to represent the Earth’s climate system, including the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and… Continue reading

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