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[25th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The new Constitution Bill, the need for a balancing act

Mentor’s Comment The Constitution (One Hundred and Thirtieth Amendment) Bill, 2025 has sparked intense debate in Parliament and across the country. While it appears to be a strong step toward cleaner politics, it also raises deep constitutional and democratic concerns. For UPSC aspirants, this issue is important not only for its immediate political relevance but… Continue reading [25th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The new Constitution Bill, the need for a balancing act

How have deception techniques evolved

Introduction Modern warfare is no longer about firepower alone; it is equally about deception. As precision-guided missiles, drones, and AI-enabled targeting systems grow deadlier, militaries are turning to decoy technologies to confuse radars, mislead missiles, and protect valuable assets. India’s reported use of the AI-enabled X-Guard decoy during Operation Sindoor shows how deception has become… Continue reading How have deception techniques evolved

Census 2027 and Urban Area Definition

Why in the News? The Registrar General of India (RGI) has announced that the same definition of “urban area” used in Census 2011 will be retained in Census 2027 to ensure comparability of data and analysis of urbanisation trends. Background and Urbanisation Trends: Census 2011 Data: India’s population was 121 crore – 68.8% rural (83.3… Continue reading Census 2027 and Urban Area Definition

Asgard Archaea and the Evolution of Complex Cells

Why in the News? Recent research by IISc on Asgard archaea — the closest living relatives of eukaryotes — has shed new light on how simple prokaryotic cells evolved into complex eukaryotic cells with nuclei, cytoskeletons, and organelles. About Asgard Archaea: Nature: Tiny microbes living in deep-sea mud and extreme environments. Evolutionary Link: Closest relatives… Continue reading Asgard Archaea and the Evolution of Complex Cells

Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS) 

Why in the News? The DRDO has successfully conducted the maiden flight-tests of the Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS) off the coast of Odisha. About the Indigenous Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS): Overview: A multi-layered indigenous system developed to neutralise a wide spectrum of aerial threats. Integration: Combines 3 components viz. Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air… Continue reading Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS) 

Nepal officially joins IBCA

Why in the News? Nepal has officially joined the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA), an India-led global initiative to protect seven species of big cats. About the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) Overview: A global multi-country, multi-agency alliance of 95 countries (range and non-range) focused on conserving big cats and their habitats. Launch: Proposed by… Continue reading Nepal officially joins IBCA

Balancing Safety and Investment: Can India Build a Trusted Nuclear Ecosystem ?

N4S  India is looking to ease its liability laws to limit supplier liability and attract foreign investment for reviving nuclear energy projects and meeting clean energy goals. UPSC frames broad, issue-based questions linking nuclear energy to climate goals, energy security, and public safety – like the 2018 GS3 question on expanding India’s nuclear programme. Most… Continue reading Balancing Safety and Investment: Can India Build a Trusted Nuclear Ecosystem ?

UPSC Mains 2025 GS Paper 1 (23rd August 2025)- Ratio, Model Answers

Whatsapp for Inquiry: https://shorturl.at/1eRHN On 23rd August 2025, UPSC conducted the UPSC Mains GS Paper 1 Exam 2025 and the PDF for the same is available here to download. Rest of the UPSC Mains Question Paper 2025 will be available here in PDF format for aspirants once the exam is over. The UPSC Mains 2025… Continue reading UPSC Mains 2025 GS Paper 1 (23rd August 2025)- Ratio, Model Answers

[23rd August 2025] Set the guardrails for AI use in courtrooms

Mentors Comment Artificial Intelligence (AI) is steadily entering the Indian judiciary, promising efficiency in a system burdened with nearly five crore pending cases. However, without proper guardrails, it risks undermining the very foundation of justice. The recent Kerala High Court guidelines mark India’s first attempt at framing policy around AI use in judicial processes. This… Continue reading [23rd August 2025] Set the guardrails for AI use in courtrooms

Reforming the steel framework

Introduction Independence Day speeches are often symbolic, but in 2025 the Prime Minister shifted focus to frontier technologies, semiconductors, clean energy, AI, quantum computing, and defence indigenisation. Unlike earlier years, this vision was paired with the acknowledgment that bureaucratic inertia and regulatory red tape remain India’s toughest hurdles. The central challenge is whether India’s governance… Continue reading Reforming the steel framework

Canada will match U.S. exemptions to punishing tariffs, says Canadian official

Introduction Canada has decided to drop retaliatory tariffs and mirror the U.S. exemptions on goods covered under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). This represents a success in preserving tariff-free trade for over 85% of Canada-U.S. commerce. But sector-specific tariffs like the 50% duties on steel and aluminium continue to hurt Canadian industries. The development is… Continue reading Canada will match U.S. exemptions to punishing tariffs, says Canadian official

Lunar Module Launch Vehicle (LMLV)

Why in the News? The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is developing its heaviest-ever rocket, the Lunar Module Launch Vehicle (LMLV). About Lunar Module Launch Vehicle (LMLV): Overview: India’s heaviest rocket under development by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Purpose: Designed mainly for lunar exploration, including India’s first human mission to the Moon by… Continue reading Lunar Module Launch Vehicle (LMLV)

Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) and Famine Declaration

Why in the News? The United Nations has officially declared a famine in Gaza based on an Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) panel assessment. About Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC): What It Is: A global standard tool to assess and classify the severity of food insecurity. Established: In 2004 during the Somalia food crisis… Continue reading Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) and Famine Declaration

In news: Lipulekh Pass

Why in the News? India has rejected Nepal’s objection to resumption of India–China border trade through the Lipulekh Pass in Uttarakhand. About Lipulekh Pass: Location: High-altitude Himalayan pass (~17,000 ft) near the trijunction of India, Nepal, and China (Tibet). Connectivity: Links Uttarakhand’s Kumaon region with Taklakot in Tibet. Cultural Role: Serves as the shortest route… Continue reading In news: Lipulekh Pass

Gopal Patha and Direct Action Day

Why in the News? A recent movie depicted the 1946 “Great Calcutta Killing” — four days of communal riots on Direct Action Day (August 16, 1946), spotlighting Gopal Patha’s role in mobilising Hindu youth. About Direct Action Day: Declaration: Called by the All-India Muslim League to press for Partition and creation of Pakistan. Bengal Role:… Continue reading Gopal Patha and Direct Action Day

[22nd August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Poll integrity and self-sabotage, parties and the ECI

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2019] On what grounds a people’s representative can be disqualified under the Representation of People Act, 1951? Also mention the remedies available to such person against his disqualification. Linkage: The Representation of People Act, 1951 provides the legal foundation for ensuring free and fair elections, including grounds for disqualification such as corrupt… Continue reading [22nd August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: Poll integrity and self-sabotage, parties and the ECI

Amid the disruptions unleashed by the US President Trump, should India rethink its engagement with China, and to what extent?

Introduction The India-China equation has once again come into focus with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi’s recent visit to India. Coming at a time when Donald Trump’s unpredictable moves are reshaping US–China relations and India faces pressure over its Russian oil purchases, the visit is being viewed as a tactical outreach by Beijing. For the… Continue reading Amid the disruptions unleashed by the US President Trump, should India rethink its engagement with China, and to what extent?

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