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  • Aim Everyday for Above 100+ in Prelims with Santosh Sir who scored 145+ in Prelims 6 Times || Batch -II OF SMASH PRELIMS 2022 FROM February 15 ||1-1 Mentorship Driven Program,Over 100 Prelims tests, Weekly Value Added Notes, 1.5 years of Current affairs coverage through Live Classes & Strategy Calls|| Classes + FLT & Subject-Wise Test Series TIMETABLE with SAMPLES INSIDE

    Aim Everyday for Above 100+ in Prelims with Santosh Sir who scored 145+ in Prelims 6 Times || Batch -II OF SMASH PRELIMS 2022 FROM February 15 ||1-1 Mentorship Driven Program,Over 100 Prelims tests, Weekly Value Added Notes, 1.5 years of Current affairs coverage through Live Classes & Strategy Calls|| Classes + FLT & Subject-Wise Test Series TIMETABLE with SAMPLES INSIDE

    Smash Prelims Program is back after a thumping success in Prelims 2021. Out of 25 students Santosh sir has mentored, 15 have cleared prelims this time. Our students were kind enough to take time out of their hectic Mains preparation and let us know how Santosh sir’s mentorship benefitted them in the exams. We wish them all the very best for the upcoming Mains exam from 7th January onwards!

    https://youtu.be/oTRUMSOQEY4
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    Why Your Focus for Next 5 Months Must be About Scoring Above Cut-Off Marks in UPSC-CSE Prelims? Isn’t the last 1 Month Enough for This?

    Every year, the competition for UPSC-CSE is increasing while vacancies are decreasing drastically. This year there are only 712 vacancies as against 2019 which had 927 vacancies. However, atleast 10 lakh students will attempt the prelims exam. This is why right now, it’s important to start having an Olympic Athlete mindset. You need to daily focus on scoring above the cut-off marks in your test series.

    Civilsdaily Student and 2019 UPSC-CSE AIR 8 Topper Abhishek Saraf had practiced nearly 6000+ MCQs under us to clear prelims!

    What makes prelims tough? It’s because the paper is unpredictable. If this year, science questions are a breeze then the next year you will have to answer advanced concept-based questions. Unlike Mains, Prelims has negative markings.

    Toppers like Pranav Vijayvergiya (AIR 65) and Swati Sharma (AIR 17) have found Prelims to be tougher than Mains. In fact, Pranav failed to clear Prelims thrice. But, in his fourth attempt he took Civilsdaily mentorship and cleared Prelims, Mains and Interview in one shot!

    Are you feeling low that you are unable to get the required cut-off marks in your test series. Worry not, for about 65% of the UPSC toppers have said that they scored below cut-off marks till December. But by June, they were able to boost their marks to get through the prelims hurdle. It’s time to be like them now.

    One has to be good at elimination methods to choose the right option amongst two similar ones. Our Smash Prelims Program started as a pilot project last year with an aim to introduce step-wise improvement in our chosen 25 aspirants. Over a period of 2 months, Santhosh sir inculcated confidence in aspirants who were either newbies or gave too many attempts. This year, we achieved a remarkable 60% success ratio. Next year, we have set our eyes on 100%. Yes, we are ambitious and aspirational just like any other UPSC aspirant.

    Why is Mentorship Required for UPSC-CSE Prelims in Every Step – From Test Series, to Study Materials, Classes to Doubt Resolution?

    If you are appearing for UPSC-CSE 2022 exams, you might have completed your entire prelims and mains syllabus right now. So what are your main priorities right now? To succeed in UPSC-CSE Prelims 2022, you have to check all these boxes in terms of preparation

    You need clear strategy for next 150 days.

    You need to revise effectively to remember whole syllabus at the eve of exam.

    You need to practice lots of tests to score accurately, to understand elimination techniques and reduce exam anxiety.

    You need to revise current affair of 1.5 years that you have been studying daily.

    You need a mentor to fill the critical gaps that have been ignoring till now as you had no one to address them for you.

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    Santhosh Sir’s Weekly Zoom Session

    Do you want to have a mentor who conducts and evaluates medium to advanced test series regularly? A mentor explains to you the different kinds of elimination techniques after you have taken a test series. Before attending a test do you want the mentor to discuss with you the study materials required for the test and provide the right notes with integrated current affairs? While studying a subject, you might have umpteen number of questions. Having someone who responds quickly and explains the topics in simple terms saves your time. And, after a test do you want an experienced mentor to discuss the right answers and motivate you? Do you want the mentor to provide you classes on static+dynamic prelims topics? If yes, then this is the right program for you! The registrations are open for all UPSC 2022 aspirants

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    Self Preparation with Mentorship: What do Civilsdaily Students think of Santosh Sir’s Mentorship for UPSC-CSE Prelims?

    Santhosh Sir, Core Civilsdaily Mentor. He has attended Interview Thrice & Cleared Prelims 6/6 times with above 145 marks.

    We asked Santosh sir’s students about their opinion on mentorship — if it was something that saved their time or wasted their time in studies and this is what they had to say:

    Kamini: “If I can say in one word, then Santosh sir’s mentorship is unique. Before I joined his program, I used to score 90 marks in Full Length Test Series. Santhosh sir had done in depth analysis of my test papers and suggested ways to reduce the negatives. Right now I am able to score 100+ in advanced test series of not only Civilsdaily but other institutes. He is always available to clear my doubts and solve my issues on call or phone. No issue is too big enough for Santosh sir. He has always told me after you finish a test series, read the same topics again and take another test series the same day to see if your marks improve. From Santosh sir’s polity and economic survey notes, we got questions in 2021 Prelims. I always feel its better to do self studies with mentorship than join coaching institutes and get spoon fed with information.”

    Sweetie Raj: “I am a banking professional, living with a joint family. Attending coaching classes is out of question because I won’t have time to read the books myself. Santosh sir helps me self-study by providing me mentorship daily. I study daily from 9PM to 3AM. Santosh sir has been available for 1 hour strategy calls even during this time. No other teacher would have wanted me to succeed as much as he wants me to. I can understand concepts by myself and don’t need help in that. I want someone who pushes me to complete the target modules, checks if I did my mains answer writing for the day and analyses the previous year question papers with me. Because of Santosh sir, I understood that its just not enough reading one book but at the same time I dont have to waste time reading many books. He tells me the topic-wise sources to refer. Also he has designed a study plan for me that I can follow every week. Once, I told Santhosh sir I was missing test series discussion classes as it was conducted at 7PM. Immediately, he provided me recorded videos and kept the session at 8.30PM.”

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    Specific Features of Smash Prelims 2022 by Santosh Sir

    Sincere aspirants who are scoring in the range of 80-90 marks must not attend last minute crash courses right now. They should instead focus on self revision, test series practice and guided mentorship to qualify for UPSC Prelims 2022. Here are the features of Prelims Focused Program by Civilsdaily —

    Pillar-1

    PRELIMS TESTS:

    40 Full Length Tests(12 Basic + 6 Advanced + 10 CA tests + 8 Full tests + 4 CSAT).

    In addition to this, in the month of January, we will have 60 sectional tests for practice. This will have 50 questions each. Hence, totally 100 Test Papers (40 FLTs + 60 Sectional Test Papers)

    CHECK OUT THE TEST SERIES PROGRAM ON FEBRUARY 15TH & REGISTER ASAP.

    Pillar-2

    VALUE ADDITIONS NOTES AND CLASSES BY VETERAN CIVILSDAILY MENTORS like SUDHANSHU SIR, SAJAL SIR & SUKANYA MA’AM
    • PolitySudhanshu sir will conduct two sessions covering all the Polity Fundamentals, a session analyzing past year papers, another session on important current affairs related to polity this year and will discuss your test solutions.
    • History: Santosh Gupta sir will conduct a session on Sectoral Developments in Modern History, a session analyzing past year papers, and test discussion.
    • Economy: Sajal sir will conduct sessions on economic surveytrend analysis, discussion of most important economic current affairs, past year paper analysis, and economy final test discussion.
    • Geography: Santosh sir will conduct sessions on the most difficult aspects like Geography MappingEconomic Geography, and Indian Agriculture.
    • Environment: Sukanya Ma’am will cover sessions on Environment innovatively. Key concepts like vegetation and biome, Indian wildlife, conventions and protocols, national parks and sanctuaries, agriculture and sustainable development, and environment current affairs will be covered.
    • Science & Technology: This year’s prelims paper questioned on the basic concepts of science. Keeping this in mind, Santosh Gupta sir will conduct 2 sessions on One basic concept and current affairs of science and technology.

    Other Value Additions

    1. Smash Prelims-2022 Content: 2 years of Current Affairs notes + Videos

    2. Civilsdaily Current Affairs Magazines for 1 year

    3. Civilsdaily compilations of Yojna, Kurukshetra, PRS and RS TV.

    4. Civilsdaily Budget And Economic Survey Summary.

    5. Handouts on key subject-wise static topics to remember the terms and definitions for Prelims 2022.

    Pillar-3

    Santosh Gupta sir’s mentorship program

    1. Introductory mentor call to every aspirant immediately upon commencement of program.

    2.  Weekly zoom strategy session by Santosh sir for doubt clearance and continuous improvement.

    3.  1-1 mentor calls after 3-4 tests by mentor. After every test series, zoom sessions will be conducted by Birendra sir with all members of the batch for test discussion.

    4.  Support from mentors on the Habitat Group.

    5. Frequent sessions with toppers for support and guidance. will have these special features for aspirants.

    6. Mentor will guide on the FCE Approach i.e the Factual and Conceptual Methods of Elimination.

    7. Mentor call as per request and mandatory check up call by mentor once a month.

    Samples From Smash Prelims Program 2021

    Sample 1-on-1 Mentorship for Smash Prelims
    Sample 1-on-1 Test Discussion on Google Meet
    Sample Environment & Biodiversity Test Series
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    Sample classes on CSAT & Topic Wise Analysis
    https://youtu.be/OcGSeXe31ek
    Sample Notes & Handout Material
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    Toppers’ Speak: How Civilsdaily Mentorship Helped Me Clear UPSC?

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSwO38weHAA

    About Santosh Gupta Sir

    Santosh sir has scored above 140 twice in UPSC prelims and 120 plus in all 6 attempts. He has written all 6 mains and has appeared for Interviews 3 times. He has qualified UPSC EPFO and BPSC 56-59th also. As the Prelims coordinator at Civilsdaily, he has helped 15 out of 25 students clear the prelims examination this year.

  • 8th February 2022| Daily Answer Writing Enhancement(AWE)

    Topics for Today’s questions:

    GS-1      Population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues

    GS-2     Executive and judiciary

    GS-3    Indigenization of technology and developing new technology; Money-laundering and its prevention

    GS-4    Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.

    Question 1)

     

    Q.1 Development-induced displacement is a recurring phenomenon in India and the poor and marginalised are hit the hardest by it. Examine. (15 Marks) .

     

    Question 2)

    Q.2 What are the reasons for the pendency of cases in the Indian judiciary? What are the implications of pendency of cases related to significant constitutional matters in the Supreme Court? (15 Marks)

    Question 3)

    Q.3 What is a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)? What are the benefits and concerns associated with it? (10 Marks)

    Question 4)  

    Q.4 Emotional Intelligence is an important trait to imbibe in a highly competitive and achievement-oriented environment. Elucidate. (10 Marks)

     

    HOW TO ATTEMPT ANSWERS IN DAILY ANSWER WRITING ENHANCEMENT(AWE)?

    1. Daily 4 questions from General studies 1, 2, 3, and 4 will be provided to you.

    2. A Mentor’s Comment will be available for all answers. This can be used as a guidance tool but we encourage you to write original answers.

    3. You can write your answer on an A4 sheet and scan/click pictures of the same.

    4.  Upload the scanned answer in the comment section of the same question.

    5. Along with the scanned answer, please share your Razor payment ID, so that paid members are given priority.

    6. If you upload the answer on the same day like the answer of 11th  February is uploaded on 11th February then your answer will be checked within 72 hours. Also, reviews will be in the order of submission- First come first serve basis

    7. If you are writing answers late, for example, 11th February is uploaded on 13th February , then these answers will be evaluated as per the mentor’s schedule.

    8. We encourage you to write answers on the same day. However, if you are uploading an answer late then tag the mentor like @Staff so that the mentor is notified about your answer.

    *In case your answer is not reviewed, reply to your answer saying *NOT CHECKED*. 

    For the philosophy of AWE and payment: 

  • Q.4 Emotional Intelligence is an important trait to imbibe in a highly competitive and achievement-oriented environment. Elucidate. (10 Marks)

    Mentor’s Comments-

    • Explain the meaning of the term Emotional Intelligence.
    • Discuss why it is an important trait in a highly competitive environment, where achievement is
      valued.
    • Conclude with a way forward.
  • Q.3 What is a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)? What are the benefits and concerns associated with it? (10 Marks)

    Mentor’s comment-
    • https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/budget-rbi-digital-rupee-7755577/
    • In the intro, mention the announcement about the proposed introduction of digital currency to be issued by the RBI.
    • In the body, explain digital currency and how it is different from conventional currencies. In the benefits mention financial inclusion, lower costs for financial transactions, , the advantages of an alternate payments system, the creation of another instrument in the monetary policy arsenal of central banks, the likely adverse impacts on corruption and money laundering etc. In the concerns mention implications for banking systems if the CBDC accounts are interest-bearing, question of anonymity etc.
    • Conclude by mentioning that the central bank must proceed cautiously, remaining mindful of the various issues, the design considerations and the implications.

  • Q.2 What are the reasons for the pendency of cases in the Indian judiciary? What are the implications of pendency of cases related to significant constitutional matters in the Supreme Court? (15 Marks)

    Mentor’s comment-
    • https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-supreme-failure/article38354697.ece
    • In the intro, mention that due to pandemic pending cases in various courts had crossed the 4.5 crore mark
    • In the body, mention the reasons for pendency-vacancies of judges, inadequate technical infrastructure, more time for disposal of cases, increase in new cases etc.
    • In the next part, mention the implications of important cases pending in the SC on fundamental rights of the citizens and our core republican values etc.

    • In the conclusion mention the need to deal with the issue of pendency on an urgent basis.
  • Q.1 Development-induced displacement is a recurring phenomenon in India and the poor and marginalised are hit the hardest by it. Examine. (15 Marks) .

    Mentor’s Comments-

    • Explain what you understand by development-induced displacement.
    • State the causes of development-induced displacement in India.
    • Discuss how the poor and marginalised are hit the hardest by it.
    • Conclude appropriately.
  • India-Britain free trade agreement

    Context

    In May last year, Prime Ministers Narendra Modi and Boris Johnson announced their shared vision for a transformative decade for the India-United Kingdom partnership. These words have now been made real.

    Transforming India-UK partnership

    • Doubling bilateral trade: The two leaders had declared their ambition to more than double bilateral trade by 2030, which totalled over £23 billion in 2019.
    • Reduce barriers to trade: They directed their governments to take rapid steps to reduce barriers to trade.
    • FTA: The groundwork necessary to begin work on a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) had to be prepared by the end of 2021.
    • Both governments have already taken action; for example, unlocking the export of British apples to India and enabling a greater number of Indian fisheries to export shrimp to the U.K.
    • The big next step was the launch of FTA negotiations last month.

    Trade relations at present

    • Bilateral trade: The bilateral trade between the two countries stood at 15.5 billion USD in 2019-20. India has engaged with the UK in sectors like pharma, textiles, leather, industrial machinery, furniture, and toys.
      • Britain is among the top investors in India and India is the second-biggest investor and a major job creator in Britain. Recently, the Serum Institute of India has announced setting up its research facilities in the UK.
    • Indian Diaspora: Around 1.5 million people of Indian origin live in Britain. This includes 15 Members of Parliament, three members in Cabinet, and two in high office as Finance and Home Ministers.
    • India is already a big investor in the U.K. — especially in dynamic sectors such as fintech, electric vehicles, and batteries.
    • India has an extraordinary opportunity to transform its economy and society in the next 30 years, as it hits its demographic sweet spot, at the heart of the Indo-Pacific region where half the world’s people live and 50% of global economic growth is produced.

    Benefits of FTA

    • A U.K.-India trade agreement will stimulate growth and employment in both countries. 
    • Lower barriers coupled with greater regulatory certainty would incentivize new small and medium-sized enterprises to export their goods and services.
    • An agreement also means Indian and British consumers see improvements in the variety and affordability of products.
    • Strategic reasons: The British Government’s Integrated Review of our overseas policy, describes the world we are in; messier, with the more geostrategic competition.
    • It is one in which two dynamic democracies such as India and the U.K. need to work closely together to promote open economies.

    Consider the question “Colonial prism has long distorted the perception of India-UK relation. However, both the countries stand to gain by finding a fresh basis for sustaining bilateral relations. Comment.”  

    Conclusion

    An FTA would mark a new way of working between the U.K. and India. It gives a new framework within which the two countries can grow and flourish together, putting the colonial economic relationship where it belongs — in the history books.

    UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

  • How to Maintain perfect EMOTIONAL HEALTH while preparing for UPSC exam?|| It takes only 1 attempt to crack UPSC-CSE if you fine-tune your preparation now!|| Fill Samanvaya Free 1-on-1 Mentorship for UPSC 2022-23

    How to Maintain perfect EMOTIONAL HEALTH while preparing for UPSC exam?|| It takes only 1 attempt to crack UPSC-CSE if you fine-tune your preparation now!|| Fill Samanvaya Free 1-on-1 Mentorship for UPSC 2022-23

    Fill Samanvaya form to discuss and resolve your UPSC IAS preparation issues, doubts, and insecurities with us.

    Finding success in the UPSC journey requires every aspirant to identify their “weak” areas and rectify them.

    I think my number of revisions of the syllabus is still less.

    Why are my marks stagnant in the mock test? Do I need a new book?

    Should I change the optional subject?

    At any given point during preparation days, these questions cross every aspirant’s mind. While it is important to have the right technique aka “smart study” strategy for this examination but is that enough?

    MENTAL HEALTH as an issue has always carried a sense of stigma in Indian society. So, why should the stress and anxiety associated with UPSC preparation be treated any differently!

    Even if you are one of those courageous extroverts who speak about these mental challenges, you always have that one friend who sends you a motivational quote to get you over your MOOD SWINGS with some extra advice to memorize the quote as it can be helpful for GS 4 and essay.

    Honestly, sometimes you need more than a motivational quote. In our interaction with some 1000+ students, even the smallest act of acknowledging an aspirant’s anxiety and stress can go a long way in maintaining the right frame of mind during preparation.

    GAIN THE RIGHT CONFIDENCE TO HANDLE BOTH SUCCESS AND FAILURE

    Emotional Stability is crucial to remain sane during this preparation and also to enjoy the whole process. The first step towards a balanced approach is to identify that as a human having lows and highs is pretty much normal. If you are not able to finish the decided target, then it is alright to feel bad and push yourself a little extra for the next day. What you need to avoid is “unhealthy behaviour”. For example, putting yourself under so much pressure that your performance starts to deteriorate or belittling yourself that it starts to affect your confidence.

    We are not here to diagnose any clinical conditions. But as former aspirants and gaining years of experience through mentorship, we are a big advocate of people’s interaction for healthy minds.

    Sometimes, in this preparation, all you need is a person to hear you out and understand you. And unfortunately, some of us are not able to find that one person in our family or friends. There is no shame in asking for emotional help. It helps if you have a person who can listen to your worries and reduce some of your pressure. Talking to your mentor can make you feel supported in the toughest times. The worst part of silo preparation is that aspirants tend to create the idea that all these emotional upheavals are exclusive to them. Trust us this is not true!

    Why Mentorship helps you double your efforts in half the time?

    A holistic UPSC preparation includes the right technique to complete your syllabus, revisions and mock test and a healthy mindset.

    Reach out to us if you feel like nothing is going right in your preparation. Talk to our mentors about your emotional worries, and remove the burden of anxieties from your preparation.

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    Lack of direction in your UPSC IAS preparation, an absence of a well-defined strategy and inability to make required necessary changes either due to lack of guidance or awareness are the biggest killers of your LBSNAA dream.

    Therefore, it is essential for you to get your approach rectified and tuned as per the demands of UPSC. If you feel lost in UPSC preparation and have been gripped by negativity, self-doubt, and demotivation, this is for you.

    Fill the Samanvaya form for a free on-call mentorship session. We’ll call you within 24 hours.

    How to prepare for upsc 2021? Strategy for upsc 2021?
Answer writing for 2020
Abhishek Saraf rank 8 Civilsdaily
    Abhishek has benefited from Civilsdaily’s approach, so did 70+ candidates who cleared UPSC IAS 2019

    The Perfect exam cracking pattern

    Integrate them in your preparation. We’ll tell you how to do it
    It’s about how ‘you’ should be doing it instead of how someone else did it. That is the ‘elephant in the room’.

    Our 3 tier mentoring:

    1. First step starts with this Samanvaya call: Once you fill in the form, our senior mentors will have a 1-to-1 detailed discussion (on-callbased on which we create a step by step plan for next week, next month and so on.

    2. You are given access to our invite-only chat platform, Habitat where you can connect with mentors, ask your daily doubts, discuss your test-prep questions and have real-time live sessions on news and op-eds, and find your optional groups.

    How to prepare for upsc 2021? Strategy for upsc 2021?
Answer writing for 2020
    Daily target monitoring.

    3. The third and the most personalized tier is the dedicated 1 on 1 mentor allotment who stays with you through the course of your UPSC preparation – always-on chat and on scheduled calls to help you assess, evaluate, and chart the next milestone of your IAS 2022/2023 journey.

    Daily target monitoring on Habitat

    Who are you?

    1. Working Junta? If you are preparing for IAS 2022-23 and working simultaneously, we can help you strategize and decipher the IAS exam and design a timetable that fits right in your hectic schedule.
    2. First-time prep? If you are in the last year of college or thinking of dropping a year and preparing for IAS 2022-23 full time, we’ll help you pick the right books and craft a practical & personal strategy.
    3. Have appeared before? and weren’t successful. We’ll help you identify your mistakes, rectify them for the necessary course correction. Let this be your final and successful attempt.

    You just have to take 5 minutes out and fill this form: Samanvaya For IAS 2022-23

    Talk to senior mentors from Civilsdaily: Fill Samanvaya form for IAS 2022 and IAS 2023. Once done, we will call you within 24 hours or so.

    Fill up the following details in Samanvaya form given below to schedule a free one-on-one mentorship session with senior mentors from Civilsdaily. We’ll call you within 24 hours.

    Don’t forget to check your email after form submission to download your free Tikdam e-book and Civilsdaily’s IAS starter material.

  • What is Cartelization?

    The Competition Commission of India (CCI) issued its final order in an alleged case of cartelization involving four Japanese shipping firms, asking them to desist from avoiding competition with each other.

    What is a Cartel?

    • According to CCI, a “Cartel includes an association of producers, sellers, distributors, traders or service providers who, by agreement amongst themselves, limit, control or attempt to control the production, distribution, sale or price of, or, trade in goods or provision of services”.
    • The three common components of a cartel are:
    1. an agreement
    2. between competitors
    3. to restrict competition

    What is Cartelization?

    • Cartelization is when enterprises collude to fix prices, indulge in bid-rigging, or share customers, etc. But when prices are controlled by the government under law, that is not cartelization.
    • The Competition Act contains strong provisions against cartels.
    • It also has the leniency provision to incentivize a party to a cartel to break away and report to the Commission, and thereby expect total or partial leniency.
    • This has proved a highly effective tool against cartels worldwide.

    How do they work?

    • Four categories of conduct are commonly identified across jurisdictions (countries). These are: price-fixing, output restrictions, market allocation and, bid-rigging
    • In sum, participants in hard-core cartels agree to insulate themselves from the rigors of a competitive marketplace, substituting cooperation for competition.

    How do cartels hurt?

    • They not only directly hurt the consumers but also, indirectly, undermine overall economic efficiency and innovations.
    • A successful cartel raises the price above the competitive level and reduces output.
    • Consumers choose either not to pay the higher price for some or all of the cartelized product that they desire, thus forgoing the product, or they pay the cartel price and thereby unknowingly transfer wealth to the cartel operators.

    Are there provisions in the Competition Act against monopolistic prices?

    • There are provisions in the Competition Act against abuse of dominance.
    • One of the abuses is when a dominant enterprise “directly or indirectly imposes unfair or discriminatory prices” in the purchase or sale of goods or services.
    • Thus, excessive pricing by a dominant enterprise could, in certain conditions, be regarded as abuse and, therefore, subject to investigation by the Competition Commission if it were fully functional.
    • However, where pricing is a result of normal supply and demand, the Competition Commission may have no role.

    What is the penalty for cartelization?

    • The Competition Act calls for a penalty on each member of the cartel, which is up to three times its profit for each year of anti-competitive behavior, or 10% of turnover for each year of its continuance, whichever is higher.
    • However, in case of a leniency petition, CCI can waive the penalty depending on the timing and usefulness of the disclosure  and  full cooperation  in  the  probe.

    How might cartels be worse than monopolies?

    • Monopolies are bad for both individual consumer interests as well as society at large.
    • Monopolist completely dominates the concerned market and, more often than not, abuse this dominance either in the form of charging higher than warranted prices or by providing lower than the warranted quality of the good or service in question.

    How to stop the spread of cartelization?

    • Strong deterrence to those cartels that are found guilty of being one.
    • Typically this takes the form of a monetary penalty that exceeds the gains amassed by the cartel and it is not always easy to ascertain the exact gains from cartelization.
    • The threat of stringent penalties can be used in conjunction with providing leniency — as was done in the beer case.

    Back2Basics: Competition Commission of India (CCI)

    • The CCI is the chief national competition regulator in India.
    • It is a statutory body within the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
    • It is responsible for enforcing The Competition Act, 2002 in order to promote competition and prevent activities that have an appreciable adverse effect on competition in India.

     

    UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

  • Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)

    The government’s recent announcement that the maternity benefits program which provides ₹5,000 for the first child will be extended to cover the second child only if it is a girl has met with sharp criticism from activists who have demanded that it be universalized.

    What is PMMVY?

    • Launched in 2017, this scheme provides ₹5,000 for the birth of the first child to partially compensate a woman for the loss of wages.
    • It also aims to improve the nutritional well-being of the mother and the child.
    • The amount is given in three installments upon meeting certain conditions.
    • It is combined with another scheme, Janani Suraksha Yojana, under which nearly ₹1,000 is given for an institutional birth so that a woman gets a total of ₹6,000.

    Eligibility Conditions

    The first transfer (at pregnancy trimester) of ₹1,000 requires the mother to:

    • Register pregnancy at the Anganwadi Centre (AWC) whenever she comes to know about her conception
    • Attend at least one prenatal care session and take Iron-folic acid tablets and TT1 (tetanus toxoid injection)
    • Attend at least one counseling session at the AWC or healthcare centre.

    The second transfer (six months of conception) of ₹2,000 requires the mother to:

    • Attend at least one prenatal care session and TT2

    The third transfer (three and a half months after delivery) of ₹2,000 requires the mother to:

    • Register the birth
    • Immunize the child with OPV and BCG at birth, at six weeks, and at 10 weeks
    • Attend at least two growth monitoring sessions within three months of delivery

    Additionally, the scheme requires the mother to:

    • Exclusively breastfeed for six months and introduce complementary feeding as certified by the mother
    • Immunize the child with OPV and DPT
    • Attend at least two counselling sessions on growth monitoring and infant and child nutrition and feeding between the third and sixth months after delivery

    Why in news?

    • Under the revamped PMMVY under Mission Shakti, the maternity benefit amounting to ₹6000 is also to be provided for the second child.
    • However, this is only in case the second is a girl child, to discourage pre-birth sex selection and promote the girl child.

    Issues with this provision

    • To provide maternity benefit only to the mother of the firstborn is illegal as the National Food Security Act, 2013 lays down that every pregnant woman and lactating mother are entitled to it.
    • For second child as a girl, it is to promote the birth of a girl child is nothing but posturing since it penalizes the mother for not giving birth to a girl child.
    • Subsequent adding of more conditions to the scheme will prove to be a bureaucratic nightmare, which can be overcome if the scheme is universalized.
    • Women will be able to access the scheme only after the delivery, which will not have any impact on their nutritional uptake during the course of their pregnancy.

     

    Before judging this factual information, take this PYQ form 2019:

    Q.Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017?

    1. Pregnant women are entitled to three months pre-delivery and three months post-delivery paid leave.
    2. Enterprises with creches must allow the mother a minimum of six crèche visits daily.
    3. Women with two children get reduced entitlements.

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    (a) 1 and 2 only

    (b) 2 only

    (c) 3 only

    (d) 1, 2 and 3

     

    Post your answers here.

     

     

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  • Paray Shikshalaya Initiative

    The West Bengal government has launched ‘Paray Shikshalaya’ Initiative.

    Paray Shikshalaya

    • It is an open-air classroom in the neighborhood programme – for students from class 1 to 7.
    • The aim of this initiative is to encourage students who dropped out of schools during the Covid-19 pandemic to continue their education.

    Why was this initiative launched?

    • In view of the rising demand for physical classes, the state government reopened schools.
    • Classroom teaching could not be called on due to fear of spikes in covid cases.
    • Hence, students are being called in batches.

    Where were these classes held?

    • Schools which do not have open-air spaces conducted the classes in neighbourhood parks and grounds.
    • Local councilors and MLAs helped set up infrastructure in such parks like putting up makeshift shades and chairs, besides making mid-day meal arrangements for the students.
    • Schools which have open-air spaces held the classes there.
    • Benches were set up for students and blackboards were placed to provide a real classroom experience.

     

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  • What is Operation AAHT?

    The Railway Protection Force (RPF) has launched a nationwide ‘Operation AAHT’ to curb human trafficking.

    We can site such examples in essays as well as mains as initiatives for curbing human trafficking in India

    Operation AAHT

    • As part of this operation, special teams will be deployed on all long-distance trains/routes with focus on rescuing victims, particularly women and children, from the clutches of traffickers.
    • The RPF will act as a bridge cutting across States to assist the local police in the mission to curb the menace.
    • The infrastructure and intelligence network of the force could be utilized to collect, collate and analyse clues on victims, source, route, destination, popular trains used by suspects, identity of carriers/agents, kingpins etc and shared with other law-enforcing agencies.

    Why need this mission?

    • The Railways, which operate about 21,000 trains across the country daily, is the most reliable mode of transportation for the traffickers who often move their victims on long-distance trains.
    • Thousands of Indians and persons from neighboring countries are trafficked every day to some destinations where they were forced to live like slaves.
    • They are also being trafficked for illegal adoptions, organ transplants, working in circus, begging and entertainment industry.

    Also read

    [Burning Issue] Draft Anti-Trafficking Bill, 2021

     

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  • India’s first indigenous Bio-Sample Collection Kit: mWRAPR

    The Indian Institute of Science (IISc.) led start-up has launched mWRAPR, a biological transport and storage medium for genomic sequencing labs, biobanks, and research labs handling biological samples for molecular analysis.

    mWRAPR

    • It is India’s first indigenous bio-sample kit, a biological transport and storage medium.
    • It would help in preserving genetic content in all types of biological samples, including microbiomes, saliva, cells, tissues, blood, body fluids, and fecal tubes.
    • It is the only Molecular Transport Medium to be manufactured in India that competes with sample stabilisation and transporting media of notable foreign brands.

    Significance

    • The disruptions in global supply chain limits accessibility to materials for molecular diagnostics.
    • India required to move to molecular tests (PCR/ RT-PCR test), but sample collection kits currently used were very cheap and not of molecular grade.
    • RNA WRAPR is the kind of molecular grade sample collection medium that India needs right now.

     

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  • Kodiyal Theru Festival

    The annual Kodiyal Theru car (chariot) festival has begun in Mangalore, Karnataka.

    Kodiyal Theru

    • It falls in late January or early February in the Hindu month of Magha.
    • It begins on Tritiya or the third day of the bright moon and ends on the seventh to be followed by Holi (Okuli) after the festival.
    • For these six days, the Car Festival rules in the Car Street in front of the Venkatramana Temple in Mangalore.
    • The Festival begins with the Dwajarohana or hoisting of the ‘flag’ – actually a framed picture of Garuda.
    • This is done ceremoniously on the first day of the festival amidst the clanging of bells and the reverberation of drumbeats.
    • The Garuda stays aloft for the rest of the festival until he is again lowered in an equally ceremonial manner on the day of the Holi and this is the concluding event of the festival.

     

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  • Upsetting the Centre-state balance

    Context

    The proposed amendment to Rule 6 of the IAS (Cadre) Rules 1954, seeks to do away with the consent of both the officer and the state government.

    What makes All-India services different?

    • Article 309: Under Article 309 of the Constitution, the Centre and states are empowered to erect and maintain services for running their administration.
    • Both the Centre and the states exercise full control over their services independently of each other.
    • Article 312: Unlike a central service or state service, an All-India Service is compositely administered under Article 312.
    • While recruitment and allotment to a cadre (state) are determined by the Centre, the states determine the work and posting.
    • Balance between Centre and states: Hence, All-India Services are carefully balanced between the Centre and the states.
    • The Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), and Indian Forest Service (IFS) are the three All-India Services.
    • Being an All-India Service, officers of the IAS are posted to the states, from where they are deputed to the Centre with the tripartite consent of the officer, the state government and the central government.

    Issues with the proposed changes

    • The proposed amendment to Rule 6 of the IAS (Cadre) Rules 1954, seeks to do away with the consent of both the officer and the state government.
    • Reasons for amendment: The reason for the amendment, as declared by the central government, is to ensure adequate availability of IAS officers for central deputation, which at present is “not sufficient to meet the requirement at the Centre”.
    • However, the central government has gone beyond its declared reason and stretched the cadre rules to also allow for appropriation of IAS officers “in public interest”.
    • The Centre has virtually conferred upon itself the plenipotentiary power to pull out any number of IAS officers from the states.
    • States may divest IAS officers of key posts: To protect their administration from becoming paralysed, states may resort to altering their Transaction of Business Rules to divest IAS officers of key posts in the state, and vesting the same with the state officers.
    • Alternately, states may conjure provisional berths for retired bureaucrats to re-enter administration as special appointees, outside the cadre rules.
    • Flouting of cadre rules by States: As it is, the implementation of cadre rules is left to the mercy of the states, with the Centre showing a disinclination to enforce them.
    • Some states openly flout the cadre rules with impunity in matters of postings and transfers.
    • The Civil Services Board has been rendered impotent, non-cadre officers are being unilaterally appointed to IAS cadre posts, and the minimum tenure guarantee is openly flouted.
    • Against federalism: Not only could it allow distrust to fester in Centre-state relations, it would also result in the functional depreciation of the IAS in the states.

    Conclusion

    It is important for the states to be reassured that they are in control of their administration, and for the service to not lose its relevance.

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