đŸ’„Join UPSC 2027,2028 Mentorship (July Batch) + XFactor Notes & Microthemes PDF

Category: Ranker Webinars

  • 95 out of 100 IAS Aspirants love our 1 on 1 mentoring for their 2021 attempt

    95 out of 100 IAS Aspirants love our 1 on 1 mentoring for their 2021 attempt

    Click to fill the form: Samanvaya for IAS 2021



    In the lockdown season 1, 2, 3, we talked with more than 1500 candidates who were preparing for IAS 2021.

    95% of the IAS 2021 aspirants talked with our mentors to align their preparation strategies, time table, current affairs coverage and fine-tine their exam-taking skills.

    100% of the IAS 2021 aspirants who became our students loved the habitat chat portal which we opened for them, exclusively

    Here’s what we can help you with:

    1. Working Junta? If you are preparing for IAS 2021 and working simultaneously, we can help you design a timetable that fits right in your hectic schedule.
    2. First-time prep? If you are in last year of college or thinking of dropping a year and preparing for IAS 2021 full time, we can help you pick the right books and craft a practical & personal strategy

    You just have to take 5 minutes out and fill this form: Samanvaya For IAS 2021

    Once done, we will call you within 24 hours or so.


    What happens when you fill this form? How does a call help you?

    1. Identifying your weaknesses

    Over 80% of students who claimed to have revised NCERTs twice were unable to answer basic questions. Many were not comfortable with at least 1 GS subject and Optional. Many struggled with ‘What went wrong’ after 2-3 years of hard work. Our mentors will provide free preliminary assignments so we can assess your preparedness and suggest accurate strategies.

    2. Strategy and study plan discussions

    Over 90% of students couldn’t stick to a plan. Study plans and strategies are iterative in nature and we want to help you with that. Many are unable to perform in tests despite preparing hard. This could be due to a variety of factors – lack of adequate prep, jitters in the exam hall, inadequate revision, lack of practice of test series or just a bad day at work. Tell us what you think went wrong and we’ll figure out a way to get you over the line next time.

    3. Helping you understand the exam better – which books to read, different approaches, etc. Over 60% of students we talked to did not find NCERTs relevant and saw no point in being thorough with them.

    4. Lack of motivation

    We have all had those days when it’s been hard to motivate ourselves to hit the books and just study. It happens to the best of us sometimes and for some of us, it happens more frequently. And it is understandable, Civil Service preparation is a long and often lonely process. Every aspirant, from toppers to those who have quit have been overwhelmed by this process at some point in time. Working alone is monotonous and helps you keep motivated by ensuring you are actively and passively studying every day. Focused telegram groups to foster discussions.

    Click to fill the form: Samanvaya for IAS 2021

  • Register now | “The Power of Compounding – Webinar by Debraj Das, IPS” | 7th June 2020

    WEBINAR – BOOK YOUR SLOT NOW.

    Register here for the Webinar (Limited seats)

    Dear friends,

    It fills us with immense pleasure to introduce you all to Debraj Das, IPS (UPSC 2018). He will be joining us for a frank and heart-to-heart conversation this Sunday, 7th June 2020. You don’t want to miss out on this.

    “The Power of Compounding” – Debraj Das, IPS

    Time: 10:00 pm

    Date: 7th June 2020, Sunday

    Note: Invitation to the webinar will be sent to your registered email id.

    There will be a Q/A session where Debraj sir will be answering your questions.

    Register here for the Webinar (Limited seats)


    Deb Raj debraj IPS Civilsdaily IAS UPSC 2021
    Debraj Das, IPS

    About Debraj Das:

    A 2018 batch IPS officer, Debraj is currently undergoing training at SVPNPA, Hyderabad. An IIT Kharagpur graduate (2009 batch), he cleared this prestigious UPSC exam in his third attempt. Being a working professional all through his preparation, he could spare only 3 hours/day. There are thing other than his dedication and consistency that led him to success. He will be sharing these success mantras with you.

    Register here for the Webinar (Limited seats)

    Aspirants, whether they are a beginner or have attempted before, will get life-changing lessons from this webinar.

    For any query reach out to us at hello@civilsdaily.com or call us on 8929987787.

  • Extremely Urgent : UPSC Prelims, Mains and Interview Dates are out !

    The UPSC revised calendar for events has been published

    4th October Prelims. Mains start from January. Interviews commence from 20th July

    The notification is on the UPSC website.

    We will be releasing a strategy video soon.

    We request students to get in touch no matter what stage of preparation you are in.

    Click here to fill the form and get a kickstart. 

  • Applying to work at Civilsdaily? Here are 10 things to know

    Dear all,

    Thank you for the overwhelming response. We received over 100 applications within 20 minutes of advertising the post.

    We don’t advertise vacancies. But when we do, we are looking for the crùme de la crùme

    Out of the 100 applicants, only 8 responded to the follow-up email (of course the responses for others are awaited and we might receive them in a day or 2).

    We wanted to take a minute to help you understand how challenging teaching and mentoring the next generation of civil servants can be.

    1. Video lectures 

    We have received videos where Laxmikanth is being read out line by line. These have gained some following on certain platforms.

    But This is not how a great lecture is planned. There has to be a creative process behind what is going to be taught. Clearly articulating your methodology & innovations is a sure-shot way of impressing us. 

    *At CD our next version is always better than our previous*

    2. Mains Related 

    When it comes to mains related competencies, your test series attempts are the most important reference point for us.

    Your actual marks in the exam are a good indicator. But we want people who can keep repeating the good marks they have gotten. The only way for us to know that is to analyse your test series attempts.

    This is especially true for essay and ethics. We have received applications from essay toppers but their test series attempts were very average. They lacked the necessary punchlines and a great flow. How can we be sure that you will have rock-solid suggestions for students who are already at an advanced stage of preparation? 

    One has to be a deep thinker, a deep reader having clarity of thought and expression to take our students to the next level.

    3. Mentorship 

    Mentorship is something we have explored at length in the past 1 year. What we look for is patience. Students in their first year of prep are slow. They take their time to absorb things. No matter how hard you try, they will end up wasting time following conventional wisdom doing things due to fear of missing out.

    Mentors have to tolerate all this. They invest so much time and effort and at times dont get the appreciation they deserve.

    Hoping that the above note helps you present yourselves better.

    Good luck !

  • Clear Prelims 2021 with Prime Prelims TS 2021 | Starting 13th June 2020

    Click here to enroll

    Click here for Prime Prelims 2021 Time Table (Download PDF for better visibility)

    Dear students,

    We are delighted to launch Prime Prelims Test Series 2021 for IAS 2021. It will start from 13th June 2020.

    Prime Prelims TS, is our flagship programme for a complete Prelims preparation. Our oldest & most loved offering, it takes a giant leap this year with 6 key differentiators and 3 ‘exclusive’ features.


    IAS UPSC Prelims 2021 Civilsdaily Best test series38 Tests (8 Basic, 8 Advanced,  10 Current Affairs, 8 Full Length, 4 CSAT) 


    It aims to build your core competencies in a graded manner; from basic, advanced and then to UPSC+ level. Focus is on conceptual clarity, coverage of syllabus and developing a personalized strategy to attempt a UPSC Prelims paper.

    Click here to enroll for Prime Prelims TS 2021

    A Test Series is more than just a set of 100 questions and solutions at the end.

    Our philosophy – Mastering Prelims by guided yet Flexible Goal Setting

    1. Evidence-based question making: UPSC level mocks

    The 3600 questions you face in our mocks have their relevance established via UPSC’s trend analysis. We focus on themes that are important as per UPSC so that we maximize your chances of questions overlap with the actual UPSC Prelims.

    2. Civilsdaily’s Innovation: Tagging

    Tagging helps us to ensure balanced coverage of static and current affairs, setting optimum difficulty level, keeping the paper relevance to UPSC syllabus and pattern, and cover all important themes. It’ll help you to analyse and understand the expectation of the UPSC in a better way.

    Subject/Sub-subject tagging ensures that a balanced paper is presented to you with an emphasis on important themes. It helps you discover your subject-specific blindspots and rectify them. We disclose our coverage. 

    Question Type Tags: Helps you understand the mix of questions and equip yourself in multifaceted question forming. Learn about question types here.

    Difficulty Level Tags, Conceptual/Factual Tags: These tags don’t leave you guessing about your weaknesses. If you miss a difficult factual question, it’s absolutely fine. In fact, it’s desirable as you don’t score a negative.

    3. Tikdams for mastering the art of intelligent guesstimates:

    Tikdam techniques is a very important skill which can boost your score by 30+ marks. It will prepare you and enhance your ability to perform under pressure (& lack of information). 

    We not only impart but make you practice these skills in our Test Series.

    Click to watch this video to know more about Tikdams

    4. Civilsdaily’s Handholding and Habitat:

    You’ll be assigned to an exclusive group on Civilsdaily’s Habitat, it’s headed by Sajal sir, Ajay sir, Ravi sir, Zeeshan sir and rankers like Dr Vipin Garg (AIR 20), Swapnil Pawar (AIR 525) and others.

    Habitat is where everything comes together: learning, doubt clearing, notes, references, mentors, and a focussed community. You’re going to learn and discuss like never before.

    What is there on Habitat?

      • #DDS sessions – Dedicated sessions every day to resolve doubts in real-time. Never keep a doubt to yourself.
      • An ecosystem for co-learning and active learning.
      • A highly motivated community to bring flexibility and consistency to your preparation.
      • Daily news analysis and Op-ed discussion sessions on Habitat. 
      • Other activities like revisions, quizzes, test discussion, CSAT, etc. are also planned.

        Samachar Manthan Civilsdaily IAS Current Affairs UPSCCivilsdaily’s Habitat – Desktop and Mobile view


    Click here to enroll for Prime Prelims TS 2021

    5. Value Added Material: 

    Tests are not just about assessment. They should be accompanied by learning. Following crucial & independent modules are a part of this package.

    Advanced Lecture Series is yet another nifty way of revisiting the tricky, factual and sometimes technical aspects of the static syllabus. 60+ hours of videos – most helpful when you advance to the L2 & L3 tests and very rewarding for senior UPSC students.

    CD’s Monthly Magazines: We walk the extra mile with Monthly Magazine Combo (12 months of all good content at CD). These magazines are a brand in themselves and have been a preference of Toppers for years. Click here for CD magazines.

    Program inclusion:

      • 38 Tests
          • 8 Basic tests
          • 8 Advanced tests
          • 10 Current Affairs
          • 8 Full-Length Tests
          • 4 CSAT tests
      • Advanced Lecture Series
      • Civilsdaily’s Monthly Magazine Combo
      • Civilsdaily’s Handholding
      • Admission to the exclusive group on Civilsdaily’s Habitat.

    This is what our students have to say about our mock tests..

    Feedback for 2020 Prelims Mocks
    Feedback for 2020 Prelims Mocks

    Civilsdaily’s community: Testimonials

    Click here to enroll for Prime Prelims TS 2021

    Should you have any query, or want to discuss more about Prime Prelims TS call us at +91 89299 87787 or email at hello@civilsdaily.com.

    Let’s clear Prelims 2021.

  • Civil Services Prelims Date To Be Announced On June 5 After Assessing Situation

     

     

    Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has notified that it will announce the Civil Services exam (prelims) date on June 5.

    The exam, was scheduled to be held on May 31, has been postponed for the second time in a month.

    What to do now?

    Many students wasted a lot of time in thinking and speculating.

    Now take this as an opportunity to get back on track. Streamline your preparation. Give mock tests. Identify the shortcomings in your preparation. Cover those areas. Revise.

    Those who kept their minds and continued their preparation, now they are ahead of you.

    UPSC Prelims 2020 is going to be held sooner than later. Don’t waste your time now.

    Register here for Nikaalo Prelims 2020 – FLTs

    It is a power pack for UPSC Prelims 2020comprising 8 GS full-length tests, 3 CSAT tests. 

    High-quality Nikaalo Prelims handouts and in-depth discussionon Telegram group will take place.

    Fees: Only Rs. 500 + taxes

    Stay safe. Stay strong.

  • Lockdown 4 & IAS 2021 Prep? We will make your personalised strategies :)

    Lockdown 4 & IAS 2021 Prep? We will make your personalised strategies 🙂

    Click to fill the form: Samanvaya for IAS 2021



    5 minutes, or 10 minutes, no more than that. That’s all the time we will need to get to know each other before we start talking about your IAS Preparation strategies.

    In the lockdown season 1, 2, 3, we talked with more than 1300 candidates who are preparing for IAS 2021. Here’s what we helped you with:

    1. Working Junta? If you are preparing for IAS 2021 and working simultaneously, we can help you design a timetable that fits right in your hectic schedule.
    2. First-time prep? If you are in last year of college or thinking of dropping a year and preparing for IAS 2021 full time, we can help you pick the right books and craft a practical & personal strategy

    You just have to take 5 minutes out and fill this form: Samanvaya For IAS 2021

    Once done, we will call you within 24 hours or so.


    What happens when you fill this form? How does a call help you?

    1. Identifying your weaknesses

    Over 80% of students who claimed to have revised NCERTs twice were unable to answer basic questions. Many were not comfortable with at least 1 GS subject and Optional. Many struggled with ‘What went wrong’ after 2-3 years of hard work. Our mentors will provide free preliminary assignments so we can assess your preparedness and suggest accurate strategies.

    2. Strategy and study plan discussions

    Over 90% of students couldn’t stick to a plan. Study plans and strategies are iterative in nature and we want to help you with that. Many are unable to perform in tests despite preparing hard. This could be due to a variety of factors – lack of adequate prep, jitters in the exam hall, inadequate revision, lack of practice of test series or just a bad day at work. Tell us what you think went wrong and we’ll figure out a way to get you over the line next time.

    3. Helping you understand the exam better – which books to read, different approaches, etc. Over 60% of students we talked to did not find NCERTs relevant and saw no point in being thorough with them.

    4. Lack of motivation

    We have all had those days when it’s been hard to motivate ourselves to hit the books and just study. It happens to the best of us sometimes and for some of us, it happens more frequently. And it is understandable, Civil Service preparation is a long and often lonely process. Every aspirant, from toppers to those who have quit have been overwhelmed by this process at some point in time. Working alone is monotonous and helps you keep motivated by ensuring you are actively and passively studying every day. Focused telegram groups to foster discussions.

    Click to fill the form: Samanvaya for IAS 2021

  • Get ready for upcoming 7th Full Length Prelims Test (Full Syllabus) on 16th May – sample questions highlighting our methodology

    Click here to enrol for the Prime Prelims TS

    Dear students,

    31st May 2020 is the D-day for all civil service aspirants.

    “Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.”

    This quote by Abraham Lincoln sums up how one should prepare for that day. So before entering the battlefield alone should have enough practice. Our Prime Prelims Test series which shall enrich you to acquaint yourself with the pattern of CSE-2020, assess your abilities, rectify your mistakes and make you confident to appear on the examination day.

    Our Prime Prelims Test Series follows the same approach as that adopted by UPSC. Our team of experts is quite enriched with the UPSC pattern and focal point of the questions and hence creates more chances for the aspirants to crack civil service examination by appearing our Test Series.

    This is the time where you must have done most of your revision and are ready to face the UPSC CSP with all the josh. Thus, what better exercise would you need than the full syllabus Mock Test. This is the 1st among the four Full-Length Tests covering the whole syllabus and we have curated it as per the trend of previous 5 years of UPSC CSP.  You see, since 2015, this has been the general weightage of various subjects in UPSC CSP:

     

    Subjects Question Distribution in the year 2019 Question Distribution in the year 2018 Question Distribution in the year 2017 Question Distribution in the year 2016 Question Distribution in the year 2015
    Economy 14 16 8   8 13
    Current Affair

    (including IR)

    22 28 34   27 29
    History, Modern India, Indian National Movements, Art and Culture 17 15 14   15 14
    Geography 14 8 7   7 14
    Polity 15 13 22   7 13
    Science & Technology 7 7   4   8 7
    Environment 11 13   11   18 10

    This is reflected in our mock test as well.

    History, Art & Culture: 15

    Polity and Governance: 15

    Economics: 15

    Geography: 15

    Environment: 15

    Science and Tech: 10

    International Organizations, Maps and Current Affairs: 15

    The key philosophy of our prelims TS is Evidence-based question making: The 3600 questions you face in our mocks have their relevance established in UPSC’s trend analysis. We focus on themes that are important as per UPSC so that we maximize your chances of questions overlap with the actual UPSC Prelims.

    Nothing speaks more than the facts itself rather than a mere jargon. Here is a list of 5 sample questions from the upcoming test which will help you in identifying the standards and approach we follow. (you can skip this if you want to attempt these directly in the test). 

    Noone but only you can assess how it will help you in being the top percentile of aspirants. You have to practice ruthlessly and civils Daily provides you with a platform to hone your skills.

    Q1. With reference to the impacts of forest fires, which of the following statements are correct?

    1. Glacier melting due to black carbon and global temperature rise.

    2. Increased rainwater runoff.

    3. Increased infiltration of water.

    Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    a. 1 and 2 only

    b. 2 and 3 only

    c. 1 and 3 only

    d. All of them

     

    Q2. With reference to the Anti-microbial resistance, consider the following statements:

    1. Antimicrobial resistance, which is also referred to as drug resistance, results in the formation of Superbugs.

    2. It happens when microorganisms change when they are exposed to antimicrobial drugs used to treat the infections they cause.

    Which of these statements given above are correct?

    a. 1 Only

    b. 2 Only

    c. Both 1 and 2

    d. Neither of them

     

    Q3. The practice of ‘Muraqaba’ in Sufism is synonymous to:

    a. Meditation in Hinduism

    b. Pilgrimage in Hinduism

    c. Chanting of holy texts in Christianity

    d. Baptism in Christianity

     

    Q4. Consider the following statements:

    1. Fa-Hien was the first Chinese pilgrim to visit India.

    2. Hiuen-Tsang left an account on Indian society during the reign of Harshavardhana.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    a. 1 only

    b. 2 only

    c. Both 1 and 2

    d. Neither of them

     

    Q5. With reference to Dryland Farming, consider the following statements.

    1. The main crops grown in the land areas are Rice and Wheat.

    2. Both Intercropping and double cropping is practised in dryland farming.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    a. 1 Only

    b. 2 Only

    c. Both 1 and 2

    d. Neither of them

  • 80% IAS 2021 Aspirants struggle with time table. Talk to us, OK?

    Click to fill the form: Samanvaya for IAS 2021

     

    5 minutes, or 10 minutes, no more than that. That’s all the time we will need to get to know each other before we start talking about your IAS Preparation strategies.

    Our conversation with about 850+ aspirants via our Samanvaya outreach show that 65% are full-time aspirants and 35% are preparing for UPSC along with their job. Here’s what we chatted about:

    1. Working Junta? If you are preparing for IAS 2021 and working simultaneously, we can help you design a timetable that fits right in your hectic schedule.
    2. First-time prep? If you are in last year of college or thinking of dropping a year and preparing for IAS 2021 full time, we can help you pick the right books and craft a practical & personal strategy

    You just have to take 5 minutes out and fill this form: Samanvaya For IAS 2021

    Once done, we will call you within 24 hours or so.


    What happens when you fill this form? How does a call help you?

    1. Identifying your weaknesses

    Over 80% of students who claimed to have revised NCERTs twice were unable to answer basic questions. Many were not comfortable with at least 1 GS subject and Optional. Many struggled with ‘What went wrong’ after 2-3 years of hard work. Our mentors will provide free preliminary assignments so we can assess your preparedness and suggest accurate strategies.

    2. Strategy and study plan discussions

    Over 90% of students couldn’t stick to a plan. Study plans and strategies are iterative in nature and we want to help you with that. Many are unable to perform in tests despite preparing hard. This could be due to a variety of factors – lack of adequate prep, jitters in the exam hall, inadequate revision, lack of practice of test series or just a bad day at work. Tell us what you think went wrong and we’ll figure out a way to get you over the line next time.

    3. Helping you understand the exam better – which books to read, different approaches, etc. Over 60% of students we talked to did not find NCERTs relevant and saw no point in being thorough with them.

    4. Lack of motivation

    We have all had those days when it’s been hard to motivate ourselves to hit the books and just study. It happens to the best of us sometimes and for some of us, it happens more frequently. And it is understandable, Civil Service preparation is a long and often lonely process. Every aspirant, from toppers to those who have quit have been overwhelmed by this process at some point in time. Working alone is monotonous and helps you keep motivated by ensuring you are actively and passively studying every day. Focused telegram groups to foster discussions.

    Click to fill the form: Samanvaya for IAS 2021

  • [Prelims Spotlight] Important summits, conventions and Declarations (Part 2)

    Prelims Spotlight is a part of “Nikaalo Prelims 2020” module. This open crash course for Prelims 2020 has a private telegram group where PDFs and DDS (Daily Doubt Sessions) are being held. Please click here to register.

    Important Summits, Conventions and Declarations (Part 2)


    11 May 2020

    1.Convention on biological diversity

    The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), a legally binding treaty to conserve biodiversity has been in force since 1993.

    Objectives-

    • It has 3 main objectives: The conservation of biological diversity.
    • The sustainable use of the components of biological diversity.,fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources.
    • The CBD, one of the key agreements adopted during the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, is the first comprehensive global agreement which addresses all aspects relating to biodiversity.

    2.Asia Lpg summit 2019

    The summit will offer a unique opportunity to the global LPG industry to interact with development agencies, NGOs and non-profit organizations who have facilitated last-mile access to LPG for the beneficiaries.

    Objectives-

    • The summit will also bring together academia and private sector to exchange their views on the use of LPG and how pathbreaking initiatives such as ‘Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana’ can bring remarkable socio-economic transformation.
    • The WLPGA promotes the use of LPG to foster a cleaner, healthier and more prosperous world.
    • With over 200 members and presence in more than 125 countries, the WLPGA represents the interests of private and public companies from the entire LPG value chain under one umbrella.
    • The WLPGA provides a platform for the exchange of best practices, facts and figures among its members.
    • The Association regularly organises interactive meetings between technical experts, members and key stakeholders to demonstrate the benefits of LPG.

    3.Global Digital Health Partnership Summit

    The Global Digital Health Partnership (GDHP) is an international collaboration of governments, government agencies and multinational organisations dedicated to improving the health and well-being of their citizens through the best use of evidence-based digital technologies.

    Objectives-

    • Governments are making significant investments to harness the power of technology and foster innovation and public-private partnerships that support high quality, sustainable health and care for all. The GDHP facilitates global collaboration and co-operation in the implementation of digital health services.The GDHP is committed to improving health and care through promoting its principles of equality, co-operation, transparency and responsibility.
    • Equality: All participants will have an equal opportunity to participate and contribute to the development of the GDHP deliverables and share in the lessons learnt and outputs of the GDHP.
    • Co-operation: Participants are helpful and supportive and participate in debates thoughtfully, constructively and respectfully.
    • Transparency: Participants act with openness in their engagement with fellow participants to contribute to improved health services, promote innovation and create safer and healthier communities.
    • Responsibility: Participants are responsible for their country’s input through their active contribution to GDHP activities that are guided by the annual work plan. Each participant shall endeavour to ensure that outcomes from meetings, such as tasks appointed to them or in general, are carried out effectively and efficiently. Participants will make decisions and participate in discussions in a transparent and fair manner, using evidence, and without discrimination or bias, ensuring they act in the public interest and not for commercial purposes.

    4.TIR

    The Convention on International Transport of Goods Under Cover of TIR Carnets is a multilateral treaty that was concluded at Geneva on 14 November 1975 to simplify and harmonise the administrative formalities of international road transport.

    Objectives-

    • The TIR Convention establishes an international customs transit system with maximum facility to move goods:in sealed vehicles or containers;
    • from a customs office of departure in one country to a customs office of destination in another country;
    • without requiring extensive and time-consuming border checks at intermediate borders;
    • while, at the same time, providing customs authorities with the required security and guarantees.

    5.International Workshop on Disaster Resilient Infrastructure

    The workshop aims to i) identify good practices of disaster risk management in key infrastructure sectors, ii) identify specific areas and pathways for collaborative research on DRI (Transport, Energy, Telecom and Water), iii) discuss and co-create the broad contours of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) as well as a notional roll-out plan for the next three years, and iv) build a forum for members to work on areas of common interest and make specific commitments.Various international agreements have also reiterated the importance and long-term benefits of investing in resilient infrastructure.

    Objectives-

    • The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), 2015-2030, which is the first major agreement of the post-2015 development agenda, identifies investing in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) for resilience and to build back better in reconstruction as priorities for action towards reducing disaster risk.
    • Similarly, Goal 9 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognizes disaster resilient infrastructure as a crucial driver of economic growth and development.
    • Besides reducing infrastructure losses, disaster resilient infrastructure will also help achieve targets pertaining to reduction in mortality, number of affected people and economic losses due to disasters.

    6.International Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)

    The Chemical Weapons Convention is an arms control treaty that outlaws the production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons and their precursors.

    Key points of the Convention

    Objectives-

    • Prohibition of production and use of chemical weapons
    • Destruction (or monitored conversion to other functions) of chemical weapons production facilities
    • Destruction of all chemical weapons (including chemical weapons abandoned outside the state parties territory)
    • Assistance between State Parties and the OPCW in the case of use of chemical weapons
    • An OPCW inspection regime for the production of chemicals which might be converted to chemical weapons
    • International cooperation in the peaceful use of chemistry in relevant areas

    7.Convention on Supplementary Compensation for nuclear Damage (CSC)

    The Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage is a 1963 treaty that governs issues of liability in cases of a nuclear accident. It was concluded at Vienna on 21 May 1963 and entered into force on 12 November 1977. The convention has been amended by a 1997 protocol. The depository is the International Atomic Energy Agency.

    Objectives-

    • The Convention on Supplementary Compensation (CSC) aims at establishing a minimum national compensation amount and at further increasing the amount of compensation through public funds to be made available by the Contracting Parties should the national amount be insufficient to compensate the damage caused by a nuclear incident.
    • The Convention is open not only to States that are party to either the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage or the Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy (including any amendments to either) but also to other States provided that their national legislation is consistent with uniform rules on civil liability laid down in the Annex to the Convention.

    8.Hague Code of Conduct

    The International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation, also known as the Hague Code of Conduct (HCOC), was established on 25 November 2002 as an arrangement to prevent the proliferation of ballistic missiles.

    Objectives-

    • The HCOC is the result of international efforts to regulate access to ballistic missiles which can potentially deliver weapons of mass destruction. The HCOC is the only multilateral code in the area of disarmament which has been adopted over the last years.
    • It is the only normative instrument to verify the spread of ballistic missiles.
    • The HCOC does not ban ballistic missiles, but it does call for restraint in their production, testing, and export.

    9.Refugee Convention

    The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, also known as the 1951 Refugee Convention, is a United Nations multilateral treaty that defines who is a refugee and sets out the rights of individuals who are granted asylum and the responsibilities of nations that grant asylum. In the general principle of international law, treaties in force are binding upon the parties to it and must be performed in good faith. Countries that have ratified the Refugee Convention are obliged to protect refugees that are on their territory, in accordance with its terms. There are a number of provisions that States parties to the Refugee Convention must adhere to.

    10.Biological weapons convention

    The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction was the first multilateral disarmament treaty banning the production of an entire category of weapons.

    Objectives-

    • Each State Party to this Convention undertakes never in any circumstances to develop, produce, stockpile or otherwise acquire or retain:
    • Microbial or other biological agents, or toxins whatever their origin or method of production, of types and in quantities that have no justification for prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes;
    • Weapons, equipment or means of delivery designed to use such agents or toxins for hostile purposes or in armed conflict.”
    • The United States Congress passed the Bioweapons Anti-Terrorism Act in 1989 to implement the Convention. The law applies the Convention’s convent to countries and private citizens, and criminalizes violations of the Convention.

    11.Sendai Framework

    The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030) is an international document which was adopted by UN member states between 14th and 18th of March 2015 at the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai, Japan and endorsed by the UN General Assembly in June 2015. It is the successor agreement to the Hyogo Framework for Action (2005–2015), which had been the most encompassing international accord to date on disaster risk reduction.

    Objectives-

    • The Sendai Framework sets four specific priorities for action:
    • Understanding disaster risk;
    • Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk;
    • Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience;
    • Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.

    12.Outer Space Treaty

    The Outer Space Treaty, formally the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, is a treaty that forms the basis of international space law. The 1967 Outer Space Treaty bans the stationing of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in outer space, prohibits military activities on celestial bodies, and details legally binding rules governing the peaceful exploration and use of space.

    13.Kyoto Protocol

    The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 UNFCCC that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the premise that

    (a) global warming exists and (b) human-made CO2 emissions have caused it.

    Objectives-

    • The main feature of the Protocol is that it established legally binding commitments to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases for parties that ratified the Protocol.
    • The commitments were based on the Berlin Mandate, which was a part of UNFCCC negotiations leading up to the Protocol.
    • Minimizing Impacts on Developing Countries by establishing an adaptation fund for climate change.

    14.U.N. Frame Work Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

    Objectives-

    • A framework for international cooperation to combat climate change by limiting average global temperature increases and the resulting climate change, and coping with impacts that were inevitable.
    • The primary goals of the UNFCCC were to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions at levels that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the global climate.
    • The convention embraced the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities which has guided the adoption of a regulatory structure.

    15.Basel Convention

    • The industrialized world in the 1980s had led to increasing public resistance to the disposal of hazardous wastes, in accordance with what became known as the NIMBY (Not in My Back Yard) syndrome, and to an increase of disposal costs.
    • This, in turn, led some operators to seek cheap disposal options for hazardous wastes in the developing countries.
    • Environmental awareness was much less developed and regulations and enforcement mechanisms were lacking. The objectives of the convention are to reduce trans-boundary movements of hazardous wastes, to minimize the creation of such wastes and to prohibit their shipment from developed countries to the LDCs.

    16.Montreal Protocol

    Objectives-

    • The protocol set targets for reducing the consumption and production of a range of ozone-depleting substances.
    • In a major innovation, the protocol recognized that all nations should not be treated equally.
    • The agreement acknowledges that certain countries have contributed to ozone depletion more than others.
    • It also recognizes that a nation‘s obligation to reduce current emissions should reflect its technological and financial ability to do so.
    • Because of this, the agreement sets more stringent standards and accelerated phase-out time tables to countries that have contributed most to ozone depletion

    17.World Conservation Strategy

    Objectives-

    • It set out fundamental principles and objectives for conservation worldwide and identified priorities for national and international action.
    • It is considered one of the most influential documents in 20th-century nature conservation and one of the first official documents to introduce the concept of sustainable development.

    18.Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention)

    Objectives-

    • Aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range.
    • The Convention facilitates the adoption of strict protection measures for endangered migratory species, the conclusion of multilateral agreements for the conservation and management of migratory species, and co-operative research activities.

    19.World Sustainable Development summit

    • WSDS has replaced TERI’s earlier called Delhi Sustainable Development Summit (DSDS). The first DSDS was organised in 2005. It underscored the need for businesses and the private sector to take lead in poverty reduction and to ensure rapid and sustained adoption of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
    • It had brought together Nobel laureates, decision-makers political leaders from around the world to deliberate on issues related to sustainable development.
    • The aim of the summit is to provide various stakeholders with a single platform in order to provide long-term solutions for the benefit of the global community.

    20.Kigali Agreement

    The Kigali Amendment amends the 1987 Montreal Protocol to now include gases responsible for global warming and will be binding on countries from 2019.

    Objectives-

    • It also has provisions for penalties for non-compliance.
    • It is considered absolutely vital for reaching the Paris Agreement target of keeping global temperature rise to below 2-degree Celsius compared to pre-industrial times.
    • Under it, developed countries will also provide enhanced funding support estimated at billions of dollars globally. The exact amount of additional funding from developed countries will be agreed at the next
    • Meeting of the Parties in Montreal in 2017 to reduce the emissions of category of greenhouse gases (GHGs) which leads to hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs)