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Indian Scientists Simulate Mpemba Effect Using Supercomputers

Why in the News? Indian scientists have developed the first supercomputer powered simulation to successfully capture the Mpemba effect, the counterintuitive phenomenon where hot water freezes faster than cold water. The achievement was announced by the Ministry of Science and Technology. What is the Mpemba Effect A physical phenomenon in which hot water freezes faster… Continue reading

Indian Railways Becomes World’s Largest Electrified Rail

Why in the News? Indian Railways has become the largest electrified rail network in the world, with about 99.2 percent of its broad gauge network electrified as of November 2025. About Indian Railways Electrification Achievement Indian Railways is India’s national transporter and one of the world’s largest railway networks It has achieved near complete electrification… Continue reading

Remarkable New Species Discovered in India in 2025

Why in the News? In December 2025, Indian scientists announced the discovery of multiple new species across diverse ecosystems, ranging from the Eastern Himalayas to the Western Ghats, highlighting India’s rich and still underexplored biodiversity. Key New Species Discovered Bridgeoporus kanadii Type: Macro fungi Discovery region: West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh Habitat: Old growth Abies… Continue reading

[7th January 2026] The Hindu OpED: At a crossroads: On Iran’s unrest, its re-engagement with the world

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2018] In what ways would the ongoing US-Iran Nuclear Pact Controversy affect the national interest of India? How should India respond to this situation? Linkage: It falls under GS II-Effect of policies and politics of developed countries on India’s interests, focusing on sanctions, energy security, strategic autonomy, and West Asia stability. Iran’s… Continue reading

The Chinese are using ambiguity on the LAC and unsettles borders as a pressure point against us

Introduction The Line of Actual Control is not a mutually demarcated boundary but a result of differing historical perceptions. China has progressively shifted from negotiating boundary clarification to leveraging uncertainty to alter ground realities. This strategy enables incremental territorial assertion without triggering full-scale conflict, fundamentally altering the nature of India-China border management. Why in the… Continue reading

1000 Years of Survival of Somnath Temple

Why in the News? The Prime Minister of India highlighted the thousand year survival of the Somnath Temple, marking 1,000 years since the 1026 CE attack by Mahmud of Ghazni. Somnath Temple One of the 12 sacred Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva Revered across Hindu tradition Known as the Eternal Shrine due to repeated destruction and… Continue reading

India Inaugurates Global Standard Environmental and Solar Calibration Facilities

Why in the News? India has inaugurated the world’s second National Environmental Standard Laboratory and the world’s fifth National Primary Standard Facility for Solar Cell Calibration at CSIR National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi. National Environmental Standard Laboratory NESL An apex national facility for testing, calibration and certification of air pollution monitoring instruments Designed specifically for… Continue reading

Greenland Sovereignty and US Interest

Why in the News? Greenland, an autonomous territory of Denmark, has rejected renewed remarks by Donald Trump on taking over the island. Greenland’s Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen stated that citizens should not fear an imminent American annexation, while European powers reaffirmed support for Greenland’s sovereignty. Political Status of Greenland World’s largest island Population around 57,000… Continue reading

Global Environment Facility Approves New UNEP Projects

Why in the News? The Global Environment Facility approved US$52.8 million for four new projects led by the United Nations Environment Programme at its 70th Council meeting. About Global Environment Facility A multilateral environmental financing mechanism Provides grants and blended finance to developing countries and economies in transition Supports projects that deliver global environmental benefits… Continue reading

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[6th January 2026] The Hindu OpED: The parallel track that keeps U.S.-India ties going

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2020] What is the significance of Indo- US defence deals over Indo-Russian defence deals? Discuss with reference to stability in the Indo- Pacific region. Linkage: The article explains how India-U.S. ties are sustained through defence frameworks, interoperability agreements, and technology cooperation despite political volatility. This directly aligns with UPSC’s focus on Indo-US… Continue reading

What remote-sensing reveals about plants, forests and minerals from space

Why in the News Remote sensing technologies are gaining prominence as satellites increasingly replace ground-based exploration in tracking forest health, groundwater depletion, pollution, and subsurface minerals. The article highlights how spectral imaging, gravity measurement, and magnetic field analysis allow detection of resources even without direct surface indicators such as seepage or excavation. Introduction Remote sensing… Continue reading

Indian aviation safety, its dangerous credibility deficit

Why in the News? Indian aviation safety has come under scrutiny following the AI-171 crash (June 2025) and the subsequent handling of its investigation. The article highlights a sharp contrast between India’s stated compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) norms and actual investigative practices. Introduction India is a signatory to the Chicago Convention and… Continue reading

RBI Announces ₹1 Trillion OMO Purchase

Why in the News? The Reserve Bank of India announced a ₹1 trillion Open Market Operation purchase along with a 5 billion dollar rupee swap to inject durable liquidity into the banking system amid rupee weakness beyond 90 per dollar and foreign capital outflows. What is an Open Market Operation Purchase An OMO purchase is… Continue reading

India Hosts 20th Session of UNESCO ICH Committee

Why in the News? India is hosting the 20th Session of UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage at the Red Fort. About the Intergovernmental Committee for Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage A statutory body of UNESCO Established under the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Responsible for promoting,… Continue reading

Exercise Harimau Shakti 2025

Why in the News? India and Malaysia have commenced the 5th edition of Exercise Harimau Shakti at the Mahajan Field Firing Range in Rajasthan. What is Exercise Harimau Shakti A bilateral military training exercise between the Indian Army and the Royal Malaysian Army Aims to strengthen coordination in counter insurgency and peacekeeping operations Significance Enhances… Continue reading

Niger Eliminates Onchocerciasis

Why in the News? Niger has become the first country in the African region to eliminate onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, as recognised by World Health Organization. Key Achievement Niger is the fifth country globally to halt transmission of onchocerciasis First country in Africa to achieve this milestone Official declaration made by Niger’s Minister… Continue reading

Barcelona Convention COP24

Why in the News? At COP24 of the Barcelona Convention held in Cairo, European Union countries and Mediterranean partners adopted strengthened commitments to protect the Mediterranean Sea from pollution and ecological degradation. About Barcelona Convention A legally binding regional environmental agreement led by United Nations Environment Programme Focuses on protection of the Mediterranean Sea and… Continue reading

[5th January 2026] The Hindu OpED: Hubris and caution- China’s posture as 2026 begins

PYQ Relevance [UPSC 2021] “The USA is facing an existential threat in the form of China, that is much more challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union.” Explain. Linkage: The question aligns with GS-II themes of major power rivalry and its implications for global order and India’s strategic interests. The article on China’s posture as 2026… Continue reading

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