AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

[pib] Ayurveda Gyan Naipunya Initiative (AGNI)

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: Ayurveda Gyan Naipunya Initiative (AGNI)

Mains level: NA

Central Idea

  • The Central Council for Research in Ayurveda Sciences (CCRAS), under the Ministry of Ayush, has introduced the “Ayurveda Gyan Naipunya Initiative” (AGNI) to promote research and innovation among Ayurveda practitioners.

Ayurveda Gyan Naipunya Initiative

  • AGNI aims to document and validate Ayurvedic medical practices, enhance evidence-based practice culture, and facilitate scientific research in the field.
  • It provides a platform for Ayurveda practitioners to share their innovative practices, fostering an evidence-based culture.
  • It also supports research to validate pragmatic Ayurvedic practices through scientific methods.

Key functions

  • CCRAS will document and publish reported medical practices and therapeutic regimens for educational and academic purposes in consultation with the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM).
  • AGNI provides a platform for Ayurveda practitioners to report their innovative practices and experiences across various disease conditions.
  • The initiative encourages the culture of evidence-based practice among Ayurveda practitioners, ensuring that their methods are grounded in scientific research.
  • AGNI seeks to identify interested Ayurveda practitioners willing to collaborate in creating a comprehensive database through applications.
  • Capacity building through research methods and good clinical practice training will also be offered.
  • AGNI will undertake research to mainstream pragmatic Ayurvedic practices through scientific validation and evidence-based appraisal.

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AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

We need evidence-based traditional medicine

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: Basics- traditional and modern medicine system

Mains level: The coexistence of traditional and modern medicine systems, challenges and significance

What’s the news?

  • The recent case where a manufacturer of indigenous drugs filed a lawsuit against a medical practitioner over a social media thread has ignited discussions in medical circles.

Central idea

  • The recent case prompts us to explore the broader questions surrounding the role of traditional medicine in our modern world, the principles of evidence-based medicine, and the steps governments should take to ensure the health of their populations.

The Evolution of Modern Medicine

  • Early Medical Practices: In ancient civilizations, various cultures developed their own medical systems, often rooted in traditions and observations. These practices formed the foundation upon which modern medicine would later build.
  • Scientific Renaissance: The Renaissance period in Europe marked a resurgence of interest in science and inquiry. This era laid the groundwork for the scientific approach that modern medicine would adopt.
  • 19th Century Advancements: The 19th century witnessed significant strides in medical science and technology. Innovations such as the microscope, anesthesia, and surgical techniques transformed medical practices.
  • Evidence-Based Medicine: Modern medicine became truly science-based in the late 19th century, when advances in technology allowed for a more accurate understanding of human physiology, health, and disease. The adoption of evidence-based approaches has become a hallmark of modern medical practice.
  • Technological Marvels: The 20th century saw unprecedented developments in medical technology, including the advent of diagnostic imaging, organ transplantation, and the establishment of pharmaceutical research. These advancements revolutionized patient care.
  • Global Collaboration: The latter half of the 20th century and the early 21st century have been characterized by increased global collaboration in healthcare. Medical knowledge, research, and innovations have transcended geographical boundaries, leading to improved healthcare outcomes worldwide.

The Global Nature of Modern Medicine

  • Global Scientific Collaboration: Researchers worldwide work together to advance medical knowledge and develop innovative treatments.
  • Access to Innovations: Patients globally benefit from medical breakthroughs, ensuring wider access to cutting-edge treatments and technologies.
  • Healthcare Diplomacy: Many countries engage in healthcare diplomacy, offering aid and expertise to regions in need and fostering goodwill.
  • International Healthcare Workforce: Healthcare professionals from diverse backgrounds contribute their expertise globally, addressing healthcare disparities.
  • Cross-Cultural Integration: Modern medicine respects diverse healthcare approaches, integrating traditional medical systems and practices from different cultures.
  • Pandemic Response: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted global health interconnectedness, emphasizing collaborative efforts in vaccine development, information sharing, and medical aid distribution.

Traditional Medicine in the Modern World

  • Traditional medicine, which includes systems like Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha, continues to coexist alongside modern medicine. These traditional systems have a long history and cultural significance. However, their place in the modern world is subject to several challenges:
  • Scientific Scrutiny: Traditional medicine often lacks the rigorous scientific validation that modern medicine adheres to. This can hinder its integration into the mainstream healthcare system.
  • Safety and Quality Control: Ensuring the safety and quality of traditional medicines can be a concern. Contaminants, inconsistent formulations, and a lack of standardized production processes can lead to safety issues.
  • Lack of Standardization: Traditional medicine formulations can vary widely from one source to another, making it difficult to assess their efficacy consistently.
  • Cultural and Ethical Considerations: Traditional medicine is deeply rooted in cultural and traditional beliefs. Balancing cultural practices with modern medical standards can be complex, as some treatments may hold cultural significance but lack scientific validation.
  • Education and Training: There is a need for comprehensive education and training programs to ensure that practitioners of traditional medicine are well-informed about modern medical standards and safety protocols.

Challenges in Evaluating Ayurvedic Medicines

  • Complex Formulations: Ayurvedic medicines often consist of multiple herbs and ingredients, making it challenging to isolate and study the specific active components responsible for their effects.
  • Diverse Combinations: Ayurvedic formulations can vary widely in their combinations of herbs and minerals. Understanding how these components interact and their individual contributions to treatment can be complex.
  • Lack of Standardization: There is a lack of standardized protocols for the production and quality control of Ayurvedic medicines, affecting the consistency and safety of products.
  • Integration with Modern Science: Bridging the gap between traditional Ayurvedic knowledge and modern scientific methods is essential. Developing research methods that respect Ayurvedic principles while adhering to contemporary scientific standards is a challenge.

The government’s role in promoting evidence-based medicine

  • Regulation and Oversight: Governments should establish regulatory bodies to oversee traditional medicine practices, ensuring they meet safety and quality standards. This includes setting guidelines for the manufacturing, labeling, and marketing of traditional medicines.
  • Research and Funding: New investigational methods and trial designs that can evaluate Ayurvedic therapies without undermining the classical basis of administering them must be worked out. The Ministry of AYUSH must facilitate this.
  • Public Awareness: Governments can educate the public about the benefits and limitations of traditional medicine, promoting informed choices when seeking healthcare.
  • Integration with Modern Healthcare: Promoting collaboration and integration between traditional and modern healthcare systems can provide patients with a more comprehensive range of treatment options.

Way forward: Maintaining an Open Mind

  • Balanced Perspective: Maintain a balanced view when assessing traditional medicine alongside modern healthcare, considering both potential benefits and limitations.
  • Open-mindedness: Embrace open-mindedness in exploring traditional practices for potential insights, fostering an environment of curiosity and exploration.
  • Informal Verifications: Acknowledge the value of centuries of informal verifications in traditional medicine, recognizing that these practices have been refined through generations of use.
  • Cultural Significance: Traditional medical systems are often deeply intertwined with cultural heritage and beliefs. Respecting and acknowledging this cultural significance is essential when considering their place in modern healthcare.
  • Historical Insights: The reference to artemisinin, a Nobel-winning anti-malarial drug derived from a 1,600-year-old text of Traditional Chinese Medicine, underscores the potential for valuable discoveries when traditional knowledge is integrated with modern scientific methods.
  • Collaboration: Encourage collaboration between traditional practitioners and modern scientists, promoting dialogue and cooperation for the advancement of healthcare.
  • Evidence-based Approach: Subject traditional knowledge to rigorous scientific evaluation to ensure safety and efficacy, aligning with the principles of evidence-based medicine to validate its effectiveness.

Conclusion

  • The coexistence of traditional and modern medicine systems is a testament to the diversity of human healthcare practices. It is crucial to embrace a nuanced approach that recognizes the strengths and limitations of each system, fostering an environment where science and tradition can collaborate for the betterment of public health.

Also read:

Homeopathy and associated issues

 

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AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

International Day of Yoga: Spreading Wellness and Preserving Tradition

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: International Day of Yoga and Initiatives taken by India

Mains level: Yoga, its significance, benefits and India's wisdom of Yoga

Yoga

Central Idea

  • The International Day of Yoga (IDY), initiated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, holds immense significance this year as it is being celebrated at the UN headquarters in New York. Over the past nine years, the IDY has gained tremendous popularity, raising awareness about the physical, mental, and emotional benefits of practicing yoga.

What is Yoga?

  • Yoga is a holistic practice that originated in ancient India. It encompasses physical postures (asanas), breath control (pranayama), meditation, and ethical principles.
  • The word “yoga” is derived from the Sanskrit word yuj, which means to unite or join.
  • The practice of yoga aims to harmonize the body, mind, and spirit, promoting overall well-being and inner transformation

Yoga

Significance and Benefits of Yoga

  • Physical Health: Yoga promotes physical well-being by improving flexibility, strength, balance, and overall fitness. Regular practice can help prevent and manage various physical ailments, enhance immune function, increase energy levels, and improve overall vitality.
  • Mental and Emotional Well-being: Yoga is known for its positive effects on mental and emotional health. It helps reduce stress, anxiety, and depression by promoting relaxation, calming the mind, and cultivating mindfulness. Yoga practices such as meditation and breath control can enhance mental clarity, focus, and emotional resilience.
  • Holistic Approach: Unlike many other forms of exercise, yoga takes a holistic approach, addressing the interconnectedness of the body, mind, and spirit. It recognizes that physical health is deeply intertwined with mental and emotional well-being, promoting a balanced and integrated approach to overall wellness.
  • Self-Discovery and Self-Transformation: Yoga provides a path for self-exploration and self-realization. Through self-reflection and introspection, practitioners gain a deeper understanding of themselves, their thoughts, emotions, and patterns of behavior. This process of self-discovery can lead to personal growth, self-acceptance, and a greater sense of purpose in life.
  • Stress Reduction and Relaxation: In today’s fast-paced and stressful world, yoga offers valuable tools for managing stress and promoting relaxation. Breathing techniques, meditation, and specific yoga poses help activate the body’s relaxation response, reducing the harmful effects of chronic stress and promoting a sense of calm and well-being.
  • Cultivation of Mindfulness: Mindfulness, the practice of being fully present in the moment, is a core component of yoga. By cultivating mindfulness during yoga practice, individuals learn to bring that same awareness and presence into their daily lives. This fosters greater attention, focus, and an increased ability to engage fully in each moment.
  • Spiritual Growth: For those seeking spiritual growth and connection, yoga provides a pathway. It offers practices and philosophies that explore deeper aspects of the self and the universe. Yoga’s ancient wisdom and teachings encourage individuals to seek a higher purpose, expand their consciousness, and experience a sense of unity with all of existence.

Yoga

How India is Promoting Yoga?

  • International Day of Yoga (IDY): The IDY, initiated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has been a significant platform for promoting yoga globally. India organizes and celebrates the IDY with great enthusiasm, showcasing yoga’s cultural and health benefits to the world.
  • Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR): The ICCR, under the Ministry of External Affairs, plays a crucial role in promoting yoga internationally. It organizes international conferences, seminars, and workshops to foster a deeper understanding of yoga’s holistic nature and its connections with other traditional wellness practices.
  • Ministry of AYUSH: The Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) has been at the forefront of promoting yoga in India. It implements various initiatives and schemes to support the development and promotion of yoga, including research, education, and awareness campaigns.
  • Swami Vivekananda District Yoga Health Centres: In the aftermath of the International Day of Yoga in 2015, the Government of India established 150 Swami Vivekananda District Yoga Health Centres across the country. These centers offer yoga training, workshops, and therapy to promote yoga’s health benefits at the grassroots level.
  • AYUSH Health & Wellness Centres: As part of the government’s efforts to integrate yoga into the healthcare system, 1,25,000 AYUSH Health & Wellness Centres have been established. These centers provide traditional healthcare services, including yoga and Ayurveda, to rural and underserved communities.
  • Tele Yoga Advisory: The Department of AYUSH, in collaboration with the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) and S-VYASA University, has developed a Tele Yoga Advisory. This initiative utilizes telemedicine technology to provide yoga guidance and therapy remotely, making it accessible to a wider population.
  • Yoga Education in Universities: Several universities in India have started dedicated departments and academic programs focused on yoga. Six central universities offer full-fledged departments of yoga, while over 30% of private, state, and deemed universities have introduced certificate, diploma, or undergraduate/postgraduate programs in yoga.
  • International Collaborations: India collaborates with various countries and international organizations to promote yoga globally. These collaborations include joint research projects, cultural exchanges, and organizing international yoga conferences and festivals.
  • Standards and Certification: India is working towards establishing standards and certification processes for yoga accessories and practices. The Bureau of Indian Standards, under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, is involved in creating quality standards for yoga accessories to ensure good industrial practices.
  • National Yogasana Sport Federation: India has taken the lead in establishing the National Yogasana Sport Federation, which aims to standardize and introduce yogasana-based competitions at the national level. This initiative helps promote yogasanas as a competitive sport, encouraging more people to engage with yoga.

How the IDY has Transformed Yoga into a Global Phenomenon?

  • Global Recognition and Celebration: The IDY, initiated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, gained recognition at the international level when it was declared by the United Nations General Assembly in 2014. This official recognition brought global attention to yoga as a valuable practice for holistic well-being.
  • Increased Awareness and Accessibility: The IDY has created greater awareness about the benefits of yoga for physical, mental, and emotional health. It has highlighted yoga as a practice that is accessible to people of all ages, abilities, and cultural backgrounds. This has encouraged individuals worldwide to explore and embrace yoga as part of their wellness routines.
  • Cross-cultural Exchange: The IDY has facilitated cross-cultural exchange by encouraging participation from people of diverse cultural, religious, and ethnic backgrounds. This celebration of yoga as a universal practice has fostered understanding, respect, and unity among different communities worldwide.
  • International Participation: The IDY has seen enthusiastic participation from a large number of countries, including 192 countries in the first celebration in 2015. The participation of 44 Islamic countries in the IDY demonstrates that yoga has transcended religious and cultural boundaries, gaining acceptance and popularity worldwide.
  • Promotion by Indian Government: The Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) and the Ministry of External Affairs, with the support of the Ministry of AYUSH, have actively promoted yoga through various initiatives. These efforts have included organizing international conferences, fostering collaborations, and promoting the holistic nature of yoga.
  • Research and Health Benefits: The IDY has encouraged research in yoga and its therapeutic benefits. This has resulted in a growing body of scientific evidence supporting the positive impact of yoga on physical and mental health. The WHO in collaboration with the Ministry of AYUSH, has developed resources and initiatives to educate people about the therapeutic benefits of yoga.
  • Integration into Healthcare Systems: Many countries have recognized the value of yoga in promoting wellness and have incorporated it into their healthcare systems. Yoga has been integrated into rehabilitation programs, chronic disease management, mental health interventions, and overall preventive healthcare strategies.
  • Cultural Exchange and Yoga Tourism: The IDY has promoted cultural exchange by encouraging people to explore yoga’s roots in India. This has led to an increase in yoga tourism, with people visiting India to experience authentic yoga practices, learn from experienced teachers, and immerse themselves in the country’s rich yoga heritage.

Way Forward: Preserving the Essence of Yoga

  • Respect for Traditional Roots: Emphasize the importance of understanding and respecting the traditional roots of yoga. Encourage practitioners and teachers to explore the philosophical and historical aspects of yoga, studying ancient texts, and learning from experienced teachers who have deep knowledge of yoga’s traditions.
  • Authentic Teacher Training: Promote rigorous and comprehensive teacher training programs that uphold the values, principles, and ethics of yoga. Ensure that teacher trainings include a deep study of yogic philosophy, anatomy, teaching methodologies, and practical experience under the guidance of qualified and experienced instructors.
  • Continuing Education: Encourage yoga teachers to engage in continuous learning and professional development. Encourage them to attend workshops, seminars, and conferences to deepen their understanding of yoga and stay updated on the latest research and practices. Continuing education helps teachers refine their skills and maintain the authenticity of their teachings.
  • Emphasis on Personal Practice: Encourage practitioners and teachers to prioritize their personal practice. Regular and dedicated personal practice helps individuals embody the essence of yoga and deepen their understanding of its transformative power. It also allows them to share their own authentic experiences with others.
  • Integrity in Teaching: Encourage teachers to uphold the integrity of yoga by teaching with clarity, respect, and authenticity. Emphasize the importance of honoring individual differences, providing modifications and variations, and creating a safe and inclusive environment for practitioners.
  • Collaboration with Traditional Practitioners: Foster collaborations between modern yoga practitioners and traditional yoga masters. Create opportunities for dialogue, exchange of knowledge, and mutual learning. By bridging the gap between ancient traditions and contemporary practices, we can preserve and integrate the essence of yoga.
  • Mindful Innovation: While it is important to honor tradition, allow space for mindful innovation within the practice of yoga. Encourage exploration and adaptation of yoga to suit the needs of diverse populations, while maintaining the core principles and values of yoga

Yoga

Conclusion

  • The International Day of Yoga has played a vital role in promoting the practice worldwide, creating awareness about its numerous benefits, and fostering research and standardization efforts. As yoga continues to evolve globally, it is essential to protect its integrity and ensure its preservation for future generations.

Also read:

Ayurveda Practice: Significant Challenges

 

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AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

Exploring the Prospects of Integrated Medicine: A Dialogue on Ayush and Modern Healthcare

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: Integrated system of medicine, complementary and alternative medicine system and other related facts

Mains level: AYUSH ministry's move of Integrated system of medicine, potential benefits and concerns

Medicine

Central idea

  • In a recent development, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the Ministry of Ayush have agreed to enhance cooperation in health research related to integrated medicine. This collaboration aims to establish Ayush departments within prestigious medical institutions like AIIMS. However, this move has sparked a debate regarding the efficacy and viability of an integrated system of medicine.

What is integrated system of medicine?

  • An integrated system of medicine refers to an approach that combines elements from different healthcare systems or modalities, such as conventional medicine and traditional or complementary/alternative medicine, with the goal of providing comprehensive and patient-centered care.

Common features of integrated system of medicine

  • Holistic Approach: An integrated system of medicine takes a holistic approach to healthcare, recognizing the interconnectedness of various aspects of health, including physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being. It considers the whole person rather than focusing solely on symptoms or specific diseases.
  • Multiple Healthcare Modalities: It incorporates multiple healthcare modalities and disciplines, such as conventional medicine, traditional medicine systems (e.g., Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine), complementary and alternative medicine (e.g., acupuncture, herbal medicine), mind-body practices (e.g., yoga, meditation), and other evidence-based therapies.
  • Collaborative and Interdisciplinary Care: An integrated system of medicine encourages collaboration and cooperation among healthcare providers from different disciplines. This interdisciplinary approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s needs and the development of personalized treatment plans.
  • Evidence-Based Practice: The integration of different healthcare modalities is based on scientific evidence, research, and clinical guidelines. It emphasizes the use of evidence-based practices, ensuring that treatments and interventions are safe, effective, and supported by reliable data.
  • Individualized Treatment: An integrated system of medicine recognizes that each person is unique and may require personalized treatment approaches. It considers individual circumstances, preferences, and goals when developing treatment plans, allowing for customized care.
  • Emphasis on Prevention and Wellness: It places importance on preventive measures, health promotion, and wellness-oriented approaches. It aims to identify and address underlying factors that contribute to illness, focusing on strategies to prevent disease and promote optimal health.
  • Patient-Centered Care: An integrated system of medicine prioritizes the patient’s needs, preferences, and values. It involves active patient participation in healthcare decision-making, education, and self-care practices. The patient is viewed as a partner in their own healthcare journey.
  • Continuity of Care and Care Coordination: An integrated system of medicine strives for seamless coordination and continuity of care across different healthcare modalities. It emphasizes effective communication, information sharing, and collaborative management to ensure comprehensive and well-coordinated healthcare.

Ayush inpatient and outpatient departments at Central government hospitals

  • Dedicated AYUSH departments: The Ayush Ministry has decided to open dedicated AYUSH inpatient and outpatient departments at Central government hospitals to provide services related to Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (collectively known as Ayush systems of medicine).
  • Aims to provide wider range of treatment options: This initiative aims to integrate traditional and complementary medicine practices into mainstream healthcare, offering patients a wider range of treatment options and promoting holistic healthcare approaches.
  • Aims to promote and preserve traditional healthcare: The decision to establish these departments reflects the government’s recognition of the growing popularity and acceptance of Ayush systems of medicine in India. It aligns with the ministry’s goal of promoting and preserving traditional healthcare practices, while ensuring their integration within the broader healthcare framework.
  • Facilitate and a boost to research: Opening Ayush departments in Central government hospitals also facilitates research, as it allows for the investigation of the effectiveness and safety of Ayush treatments in conjunction with conventional medical practices. This collaboration between Ayush and modern medicine can lead to the development of standardized protocols, better understanding of the potential benefits, and improved patient outcomes.

Facts for prelims

World Ayurveda Congress (WAC), 2022

  • The 9th edition of World Ayurveda Congress (WAC) & Arogya Expo was organized at PANJIM, GOA.
  • Organised by Ministry of AYSUSH on the principle of whole government approach.
  • The event witnessed the active participation of more than 40 countries and all states of India.
  • WAC is a platform established by World Ayurveda Foundation to propagate Ayurveda globally in its true sense.

World Ayurveda Foundation (WAF)

  • WAF is an initiative by Vijnana Bharati aimed at global propagation of Ayurveda, founded in 2011.
  • The objectives of WAF reflect global scope, propagation and encouragement of all activities scientific and Ayurveda related are the core principles.

What is mean by complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?

  • Complementary and alternative medicine CAM refers to medical practices and treatments that are not considered part of conventional mainstream medicine.
  • It encompasses a broad range of practices, systems, and therapies, which may include herbal medicine, traditional healing practices, acupuncture, homeopathy, naturopathy, chiropractic care, Ayurveda, and traditional Chinese medicine, among others.
  • These practices often have their roots in ancient cultural and traditional healing systems.

Prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

  • Global Acceptance: Alternative medicine practices are popular and widely accepted in many countries worldwide. Traditional healing systems, herbal remedies, and other alternative therapies have been part of various cultures for centuries.
  • Regional Variations: The prevalence of alternative medicine varies across regions and countries. Some regions have a long-standing cultural and historical association with specific traditional healing practices, while others have seen increased adoption due to globalization and growing interest in holistic health approaches.
  • High Usage Rates: Surveys indicate that a significant portion of the population in various countries has used alternative medicine at some point in their lives. The prevalence rates can range from around 30% to over 70%, depending on the country and the specific therapies or practices included in the survey.
  • Specific Modalities: Different alternative medicine modalities may have varying levels of popularity. Practices such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, chiropractic care, and traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine are among the commonly used modalities.
  • Complementary Use: Many individuals use alternative medicine alongside conventional medical treatments. This approach, known as complementary medicine, involves integrating alternative therapies with standard medical care to address a broader range of health concerns.
  • Health Conditions: Alternative medicine is sought for various health conditions, including chronic pain, mental health issues, musculoskeletal problems, gastrointestinal disorders, and general well-being. People often turn to alternative medicine when conventional treatments have been unsatisfactory or to explore more holistic and natural approaches.
  • Wellness and Prevention: Alternative medicine is also used for wellness promotion and preventive care. Practices such as yoga, meditation, and dietary supplements are frequently utilized to support overall health and prevent illness.
  • Global Trends: The prevalence of alternative medicine continues to grow globally. Factors such as increased awareness, patient empowerment, access to information, and a desire for more personalized and holistic healthcare contribute to this trend.

Why do patients gravitate towards complementary/alternative medicine?

  • Holistic Approach: Complementary/alternative medicine often takes a holistic approach to healthcare, considering the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects of a person’s well-being. It focuses on treating the whole person rather than just the symptoms or specific diseases.
  • Dissatisfaction with Conventional Medicine: Some patients may have had unsatisfactory experiences with conventional medicine, such as ineffective treatments, adverse effects, or limited time with healthcare providers. As a result, they may seek alternative options that offer a different approach and more personalized care.
  • Desire for Natural and Non-Invasive Treatments: Complementary/alternative medicine often emphasizes natural remedies, herbal therapies, nutritional interventions, and non-invasive techniques. Patients who prefer a more natural or gentle approach may be drawn to these methods, especially when conventional treatments involve pharmaceutical drugs or invasive procedures.
  • Empowerment and Active Participation: Complementary/alternative medicine often encourages patients to take an active role in their health and treatment decisions. Patients may feel empowered by being involved in the decision-making process, exploring lifestyle modifications, and engaging in self-care practices.
  • Prevention and Wellness Focus: Many complementary/alternative medicine practices emphasize preventive measures and lifestyle modifications to promote overall health and wellness. Patients who are interested in maintaining good health and preventing future illnesses may be attracted to these approaches.
  • Cultural or Traditional Beliefs: Certain complementary/alternative medicine systems have deep cultural or traditional roots. Patients from specific cultural backgrounds may have a strong belief in the efficacy of these practices and may choose them based on cultural heritage or family traditions.
  • Perception of Individualized Care: Complementary/alternative medicine often places importance on individualized care, taking into account the unique needs and circumstances of each patient. This personalized approach may resonate with patients who value a more tailored and comprehensive treatment plan.
  • Perception of Fewer Side Effects: Some patients perceive complementary/alternative medicine to have fewer side effects compared to conventional medicine. They may be concerned about the potential adverse effects of pharmaceutical drugs and prefer to explore alternative options that are perceived as safer.

Does the sale of these medicines need to be regulated?

  • Safety and Efficacy: Regulation helps ensure that alternative medicines meet certain safety standards and have demonstrated efficacy. This is important to protect consumers from potential harm or ineffective treatments.
  • Quality Control: Regulation helps maintain consistent quality in the production and distribution of alternative medicines. It can include measures to ensure proper sourcing of ingredients, good manufacturing practices, quality testing, and adherence to labeling requirements.
  • Consumer Protection: Regulation provides a framework for consumer protection by establishing rules and guidelines for marketing, advertising, and claims made by manufacturers and practitioners of alternative medicines. This helps prevent misleading or false information and ensures that consumers can make informed choices.
  • Standardization: Regulation facilitates the standardization of formulations and practices within alternative medicine systems. Standardization helps establish consistency, reliability, and reproducibility of treatments, allowing for better comparisons and research in the field.
  • Adverse Event Reporting: Regulatory oversight enables the monitoring and reporting of adverse events associated with the use of alternative medicines. This helps identify potential risks and allows for timely interventions to protect public health.
  • Integration with Conventional Medicine: Regulation promotes the integration of alternative medicine with conventional healthcare systems. It establishes frameworks for collaboration, communication, and referral between practitioners of different modalities, ensuring coordinated and safe care for patients.
  • Professional Accountability: Regulatory measures can include licensing, certification, and registration requirements for practitioners of alternative medicine. This helps ensure that practitioners meet certain educational and competency standards, promoting professionalism and accountability in the field.
  • Public Confidence: Regulation helps build public trust and confidence in alternative medicine. Clear regulations and oversight mechanisms provide reassurance to consumers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers that alternative medicines are subject to scrutiny and oversight, contributing to the credibility and acceptance of these practices.

Medicine

Value addition box from Civilsdaily: Differences between Naturopathy and Allopathy

Aspect Naturopathy Allopathy (Conventional Medicine)
Philosophy Emphasizes body’s self-healing capacity, holistic approach, natural remedies, and wellness promotion Focuses on scientific principles, evidence-based practices, disease diagnosis, and symptom management
Treatment Approach Natural remedies, lifestyle modifications, holistic therapies, herbal medicine, and mind-body practices Pharmaceutical drugs, surgeries, medical procedures, advanced technologies
Diagnosis Observation, physical examinations, patient history, and traditional diagnostic methods Laboratory tests, imaging techniques, diagnostic tools
Emphasis Prevention, overall health and wellness, identifying root causes of illness Disease management, symptom relief, targeted treatments
Individualization Personalized treatment plans based on individual needs and characteristics Standardized treatment protocols based on clinical guidelines
Pharmaceutical Usage Minimal reliance on pharmaceutical drugs, emphasizes natural therapies Utilizes pharmaceutical drugs as primary treatment methods
Specialized Fields Naturopaths may have specific areas of focus but often provide general holistic care Various specialized fields (cardiology, neurology, etc.) addressing specific diseases or conditions

Conclusion

  • The debate on the integration of Ayush practices within mainstream healthcare reflects contrasting perspectives. While there are immense potential benefits of an integrated system it also raises concerns about the scientific validity and safety of alternative medicine. Striking a balance between evidence-based medicine, patient preferences, and regulatory oversight is essential.

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Strengthening India’s Drug Regulatory Framework for Ensuring Quality Medicines

 

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AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

Ayurveda Practice: Significant Challenges

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: AYUSH mission

Mains level: AYUSH mission, Promotion and Challenges in Ayurvedic practice

practice

Central Idea

  • Ayurveda graduates face significant challenges in pursuing a career in Ayurvedic practice due to widespread scepticism about the efficacy of Ayurvedic theories and practices. Despite the publicity campaigns to promote Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH), the fact is that there is a trust-deficit in these systems.

What is National AYUSH Mission?

  • Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India has launched National AYUSH Mission (NAM) during 12th Plan for im­plementing through States/UTs.
  • The basic objective of NAM is to promote AYUSH medical systems through cost effective AYUSH services, strengthening of educational systems, facilitate the enforcement of quality control of ASU &H drugs and sustainable availability of ASU & H raw-materials.
  • It envisages flexibility of implementation of the programmes which will lead to substantial participation of the State Governments/UT.
  • The NAM contemplates establishment of a National Mission as well as corresponding Missions in the State level.

practice

What is Ayurveda?

  • Sanskrit word: Ayu means life, and Veda means knowledge or science Hence it is “The Science of Life.”
  • Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine that originated in India more than 5,000 years ago.
  • It was taught orally from one generation to another by accomplished masters.
  • Some of this knowledge was later put into writing, but much of it remains inaccessible.
  • The principles of many natural healing systems, including Homeopathy and Polarity Therapy, have their roots in Ayurveda.

What are the reasons for the public’s skepticism towards Ayurveda?

  • Failed to keep the pace: The Ayurveda establishment has failed to keep pace with the intellectual and scientific advances of the times.
  • Archaic theories and lack of evidence-based quality: Archaic theories that are apt to arouse suspicion in the minds of educated patients are peddled as sophisticated dogmas. Treatments are not subjected to straightforward testing as they are claimed to be based on these theories
  • Perception that Ayurvedic treatments are slow to heal: Ayurveda treatments are slow to heal is another common view that characterises the public image of Ayurveda.

What are the challenges faced by Ayurveda graduates in pursuing a career in practice?

  • Practical usability is limited: Limited practical usability of ancient medical wisdom taught in college training
  • Lack of vibrant ecosystem of Research: Dependence on personal experimentation due to a lack of a vibrant ecosystem of science and research. The Research process involves a lot of trial and error with patients and predictably leads to an erosion of the practitioner’s reputation.
  • Necessity of complementing Ayurveda with modern medicine: Inability to treat all primary-care illnesses, necessitating complementing with modern medicine, which is prohibited in most states.
  • Unhealthy competition and advertisements: Competition from gimmickry and publicity-based practitioners.

practice

How can appropriate policy-making help solve these challenges?

  • Proper training: Rejuvenating primary care by training Ayurveda graduates to become good primary-care doctors.
  • Evidence-based appraisal of Ayurveda: Conducting a vigorous evidence-based appraisal of Ayurvedic theories and practices to sift the usable from the obsolete
  • Practice modern medicines: Statutory decision to allow Ayurveda graduates to practice modern medicine in stipulated primary care areas

Practice

Conclusion

  • Ayurveda prioritizes patient benefit over gratification and emphasizes prevention through balance, diet, lifestyle, and herbs. Sustainable treatment requires a gradual transition to wellness. Ayurveda, science, and public welfare all stand to gain. What is needed is sincerity, straight-thinking, and some adventurism on the part of stakeholders.

Mains Question

Q. What is Ayurveda? Despite of the efforts to promote Ayurveda, the graduates face significant challenges in pursuing a career in Ayurvedic practice. Discuss.


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AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

World Ayurveda Congress: Aligning traditional medicine with modern medicines

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: World Ayurveda Congress (WAC), 2022

Mains level: World Ayurveda Congress, Traditional medicines and modern medicines integrated approach.

modern

Context

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi commended the recent growth of traditional medicine (TM), and Ayurveda in particular, while addressing the World Ayurveda Congress 2022 (WAC) earlier this month. Noting the lag in evidence despite considerable research, he gave a clarion call “to bring together medical data, research, and journals and verify claims (benefit) using modern science parameters”.

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All you need to know about World Ayurveda Congress (WAC)

  • Platform by World Ayurveda foundation: The World Ayurveda Congress (WAC) is a platform established by World Ayurveda Foundation to propagate Ayurveda globally in its true sense.
  • Platform to connect various stakeholders in medicine: World Ayurveda Congress (WAC) is a platform to connect Ayurveda practitioners, medicine manufacturers, enthusiasts and academicians.
  • What is the mandate: World Ayurveda Congress (WAC) & Arogya Expo monitors progress and initiate missions and collect feedbacks.

modern

World Ayurveda Congress (WAC), 2022

  • 9th edition of WAC held at Panjim, Goa: The 9th edition of World Ayurveda Congress (WAC) & Arogya Expo was organized at PANJIM, GOA.
  • Organised by Ministry of AYSUSH on the principle of whole government approach (WGA): The WAC organised by the Ministry of AYUSH on the ‘Whole Government Approach’ (WGA) to foster and strengthen the research ecosystem for AYUSH systems.
  • What is Whole System Approach (WSA): The concept of WGA is in consonance with the “Whole System Approach” (WSA). WSA encompasses integrated and network participation of several stakeholders (including patients and the community) for better solutions (treatment outcomes) in a challenging and complex situation. IM is an important component of WSA in the current context.
  • Active Participation: The event witnessed the active participation of more than 40 countries and all states of India.
  • PM’s vision: To transform the healthcare system of the country and to develop a healthy society, there is a need to think holistically and integrate the Traditional medicine (TM) and modern medicine system (MM).

World Ayurveda Foundation (WAF)

  • Aim of WAF: WAF is an initiative by Vijnana Bharati aimed at global propagation of Ayurveda, founded in 2011.
  • Objective and core principle: The objectives of WAF reflect global scope, propagation and encouragement of all activities scientific and Ayurveda related are the core principles.
  • Focus Areas: Support to research, health-care programmes through camps, clinics and sanatoriums, documentation, organization of study groups, seminars, exhibitions and knowledge initiatives to popularize Ayurveda in the far corners of the world are the broad latitudes of focus at WAF.

modern

What is Traditional Medicine?

  • According to WHO: The WHO describes traditional medicine as the total sum of the “knowledge, skills and practices indigenous and different cultures have used over time to maintain health and prevent, diagnose and treat physical and mental illness”.
  • Culmination of multiple ancient practices: Its reach encompasses ancient practices such as acupuncture, ayurvedic medicine and herbal mixtures as well as modern medicines.
  • Percentage of people use traditional medicine: of According to WHO estimates, 80% of the world’s population uses traditional medicine.

Traditional medicine in India

  • It is often defined as including practices and therapies such as Yoga, Ayurveda, Siddha that have been part of Indian tradition historically, as well as others such as homeopathy that became part of Indian tradition over the years.
  • Ayurveda and yoga are practised widely across the country.
  • The Siddha system is followed predominantly in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
  • The Sowa-Rigpa System is practised mainly in Leh-Ladakh and Himalayan regions such as Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Darjeeling, Lahaul & Spiti.

How TM modalities (such as Ayurveda or homoeopathy) can scientifically align with MM for a better outcome?

  • Remarkable success in treating neurological diseases: A recently established Department of IM in NIMHANS continued to show remarkable success in treating difficult neurological diseases with a team of Ayurvedic and MM physicians and carefully planned and monitored IM strategy.
  • CRD projects: Modern rheumatology practice in the Centre for Rheumatic Diseases (CRD) model includes critical elements of TM and Ayurveda, which have shown unequivocal evidence in CRD research projects
  • Evaluation based on other protocols: Several controlled protocols-based evaluations of standardised Ayurvedic drugs and other TM modalities (such as diet, exercise, yoga, and counselling), often in conjunction with MM, in arthritis patients, were completed.
  • Sustained clinical improvement in patients suffering from active Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): RA is a severely painful crippling lifelong autoimmune condition, mostly seen in women, and universally acknowledged as difficult to treat. Supervised and monitored IM intervention (including Ayurvedic drugs) over several years showed a consistently superior and sustained clinical improvement in patients suffering from active RA.

modern

Relationship between AYUSH and Modern medicines

  • AYUSH systems include Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Unani, Siddha, and other TM.
  • AYUSH systems and MM differ radically in several ways or so it seems.
  • Modern scientific research in Ayurveda is often at variance with classical Ayurveda.
  • Unlike MM, TM has at its core a personalised approach. MM is dominantly reductionist.
  • The ambitious futuristic programme of TM and IM by AYUSH is well-intended and in the right direction.

Conclusion

  • TM and Ayurveda need to respond to the new world order, which has changed substantially recently. It is reasonably certain that MM and TM in the current format will continue to treat several medical disorders and altered health states. But evidence-based medicine will become the new mantra. Also, informed and empowered patients and people will continue to make the right choices.

Mains question

Q. What is World Ayurveda congress? What is tradition medicines? How Traditional medicines can align with modern medicines to treat several serious medical disorders.

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AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill, 2021

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: Biological Diversity Act, 2002

Mains level: Proposed amendments and issues

What is issue:

A senior parliamentarian has expressed concern over the Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill, 2021, which is in the final stages of consultations in the Joint Parliamentary Committee.

Biological Diversity Act (BDA), 2002: 

  • The BDA, 2002 was enacted for the conservation of biological diversity and fair, equitable sharing of the monetary benefits from the commercial use of biological resources and traditional knowledge.
  • The main intent of this legislation is to protect India’s rich biodiversity and associated knowledge against their use by foreign individuals.
  • It seeks to check biopiracy, protect biological diversity and local growers through a three-tier structure of central and state boards and local committees.
  • The Act provides for setting up of a National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) and Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) in local bodies.
  • The NBA will enjoy the power of a civil court.

What are the proposed Amendments?

The amendment bill seeks to reduce the pressure on wild medicinal plants by encouraging the cultivation of medicinal plants and Decriminalizes certain offences.

  • Biological resources sharing: Exempts Ayush practitioners from intimating biodiversity boards for accessing biological resources or knowledge (Vaids and Hakims)
  • Research promotion: Facilitates fast-tracking of research, simplify the patent application process
  • Bring in foreign investment: Seeks to bring more foreign investments in biological resources, research, patent and commercial utilisation, without compromising the national interest

Need for the Amendment

  • Simplifying process: Concerns were raised by Ayush medicine, seed, industry and research sectors urging the government to simplify, streamline the profession.
  • Easing compliance: They urged govt to reduce the compliance burden to provide for a conducive environment for collaborative research and investments.
  • Access and Benefit-sharing: It also sought to simplify the patent application process, widen the scope of access and benefit-sharing with local communities.
  • Exemptions: Ayush practitioners have been exempted from the ambit of the Act, a huge move because the Ayush industry benefits greatly from biological resources in India.
  • Certain offences: Violations of the law related to benefit-sharing with communities, which are currently treated as criminal offences and are non-bailable, have been proposed to be made civil offences.
  • Imbibing Nagoya Protocol: This bill provides to reconcile the domestic law with free prior informed consent requirements of the 2010 Nayogya Protocol on ABS.

Criticisms of the bill

  • No consultation: The bill has been introduced without seeking public comments as required under the pre-legislative consultative policy.
  • No profit-sharing: There are ambiguous provisions in the proposed amendment to protect, conserve or increase the stake of local communities in the sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity.
  • Commercialization: Activists say that the amendments were done to “solely benefit” the AYUSH Ministry.
  • Loopholes to Biopiracy: The Bill would mean AYUSH manufacturing companies would no longer need to take approvals.
  • Ignoring Bio-utilization: The bill has excluded the term Bio-utilization which is an important element in the Act.  Leaving out bio utilization would leave out an array of activities like characterization, incentivisation and bioassay which are undertaken with commercial motive.
  • Exotic plants cultivation: The bill also exempts cultivated medicinal plants from the purview of the Act but it is practically impossible to detect which plants are cultivated and which are from the wild.
  • De-licensing: This provision could allow large companies to evade the requirement for prior approval or share the benefit with local communities.

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AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

WHO & Traditional Medicine

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: Traditional Medicines

Mains level: Read the attached story

PM Modi, along with World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General Dr Tedros Ghebreyesus, will perform the groundbreaking ceremony for the first-of-its-kind WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine (GCTM) in Jamnagar, Gujarat.

What is Traditional Medicine?

  • The WHO describes traditional medicine as the total sum of the “knowledge, skills and practices indigenous and different cultures have used over time to maintain health and prevent, diagnose and treat physical and mental illness”.
  • Its reach encompasses ancient practices such as acupuncture, ayurvedic medicine and herbal mixtures as well as modern medicines.
  • According to WHO estimates, 80% of the world’s population uses traditional medicine.

Traditional medicine in India

  • It is often defined as including practices and therapies — such as Yoga, Ayurveda, Siddha — that have been part of Indian tradition historically, as well as others — such as homeopathy — that became part of Indian tradition over the years.
  • Ayurveda and yoga are practised widely across the country.
  • The Siddha system is followed predominantly in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
  • The Sowa-Rigpa System is practised mainly in Leh-Ladakh and Himalayan regions such as Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Darjeeling, Lahaul & Spiti.

What will the GCTM be about?

  • The GCTM will aim to focus on evidence-based research, innovation, and data analysis to optimise the contribution of traditional medicine to global health.
  • Its main focus will to develop norms, standards and guidelines in technical areas relating to traditional medicine.
  • It will seek to set policies and standards on traditional medicine products and help countries create a comprehensive, safe, and high-quality health system.
  • The GCTM will support efforts to implement the WHO’s Traditional Medicine Strategy (2014-23).
  • It will serve as the hub, and focus on building a “solid evidence base” for policies and “help countries integrate it as appropriate into their health systems”.

Why has the WHO felt the need to advance knowledge of traditional medicine?

  • Almost all WHO members have reported widespread use of traditional medicine.
  • These member states have asked for its support in creating a body of reliable evidence and data on traditional medicine practices and products.
  • The WHO has found that the national health systems and strategies do not yet fully integrate traditional medicine workers, accredited courses and health facilities.
  • It has stressed the need to conserve biodiversity and sustainability as about 40% of approved pharmaceutical products today derive from natural substances.
  • It has referred to modernization of the ways traditional medicine is being studied. Artificial intelligence is now used to map evidence and trends in traditional medicine.

 

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AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

Biological Diversity Amendment Bill, 2021

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: Nagoya Protocol, BDA, 2002

Mains level: Read the attached story

The government has introduced the Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill, 2021 which seeks to facilitate access to biological resources and traditional knowledge by the Indian traditional medicine sector.

Biological Diversity Act, 2002: A quick recap

  • The BDA, 2002 was enacted for the conservation of biological diversity and fair, equitable sharing of the monetary benefits from the commercial use of biological resources and traditional knowledge.
  • The main intent of this legislation is to protect India’s rich biodiversity and associated knowledge against their use by foreign individuals.
  • It seeks to check biopiracy, protect biological diversity and local growers through a three-tier structure of central and state boards and local committees.
  • The Act provides for setting up of a National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) and Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) in local bodies.
  • The NBA will enjoy the power of a civil court.

What are the proposed Amendments?

The bill seeks to reduce the pressure on wild medicinal plants by encouraging the cultivation of medicinal plants. The bill:

  • Biological resources sharing: Exempts Ayush practitioners from intimating biodiversity boards for accessing biological resources or knowledge (Vaids and Hakims)
  • Research promotion: Facilitates fast-tracking of research, simplify the patent application process
  • Decriminalization: Decriminalises certain offences
  • Bring in foreign investment: Seeks to bring more foreign investments in biological resources, research, patent and commercial utilisation, without compromising the national interest

Need for the Amendment

  • Simplifying process: Concerns were raised by Ayush medicine, seed, industry and research sectors urging the government to simplify, streamline the profession.
  • Easing compliance: They urged govt to reduce the compliance burden to provide for a conducive environment for collaborative research and investments.
  • Access and Benefit-sharing: It also sought to simplify the patent application process, widen the scope of access and benefit-sharing with local communities.
  • Exemptions: Ayush practitioners have been exempted from the ambit of the Act, a huge move because the Ayush industry benefits greatly from biological resources in India.
  • Certain offences: Violations of the law related to benefit-sharing with communities, which are currently treated as criminal offences and are non-bailable, have been proposed to be made civil offences.
  • Imbibing Nagoya Protocol: This bill provides to reconcile the domestic law with free prior informed consent requirements of the 2010 Nayogya Protocol on ABS.

Criticisms of the bill

  • No consultation: The bill has been introduced without seeking public comments as required under the pre-legislative consultative policy.
  • No profit-sharing: There are ambiguous provisions in the proposed amendment to protect, conserve or increase the stake of local communities in the sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity.
  • Commercialization: Activists say that the amendments were done to “solely benefit” the AYUSH Ministry.
  • Loopholes to Biopiracy: The Bill would mean AYUSH manufacturing companies would no longer need to take approvals.
  • Ignoring Bio-utilization: The bill has excluded the term Bio-utilization which is an important element in the Act.  Leaving out bio utilization would leave out an array of activities like characterization, incentivisation and bioassay which are undertaken with commercial motive.
  • Exotic plants cultivation: The bill also exempts cultivated medicinal plants from the purview of the Act but it is practically impossible to detect which plants are cultivated and which are from the wild.
  • De-licensing: This provision could allow large companies to evade the requirement for prior approval or share the benefit with local communities.

Back2Basics: Access and Benefit-Sharing

  • India is a party to the Convention of Biological Diversity, and the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing.
  • It is mandated that benefits derived from the use of biological resources are shared in a fair and equitable manner among the indigenous and local communities.
  • When an Indian or foreign company or individual accesses biological resources such as medicinal plants and associated knowledge, it has to take prior consent from the national biodiversity board.
  • The board can impose a benefit-sharing fee or royalty or impose conditions so that the company shares the monetary benefit from commercial utilisation of these resources with local people who are conserving biodiversity in the region.

 

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AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

Colourful molecules of turmeric

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: Turmeric

Mains level: NA

Researchers have come forward with some interesting findings on Turmeric.

Turmeric

  • Turmeric has about 3% of the active component molecule called curcumin, a polyphenol diketone (and not a steroid).
  • Researchers point out that there is another molecule in turmeric called piperine, which is an alkaloid, responsible for the pungency of pepper that we use every day in our cooking, along with turmeric.
  • Piperine enhances curcumin absorption in the body. It gives turmeric its multivariate healing and protective power.

Benefits of turmeric consumption

  • Turmeric has been known for over 4,000 years in the Indian subcontinent, West Asia, Burma, Indonesia and China, and is used as an essential part of our daily food – what the colonials called curry powder.
  • It has also been known as a medicine for ages, and to have anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Herbal medicine experts have used turmeric to treat painful symptoms of arthritis, joint stiffness, and joint pain.
  • They have also claimed that turmeric helps cure acute kidney injuries. Some of these claims need to be checked using controlled trials.

Against COVID-19

  • Most recently, an exciting study has recently been published by a group in Mumbai which shows that turmeric aids in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
  • The researchers did a trial of about 40 COVID-19 patients and found that turmeric could substantially reduce morbidity and mortality.

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AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

[pib] SATYAM Programme

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: SATYAM Programme

Mains level: Yoga as a therapy

The Ministry of Science & Technology (MoST) is implementing the Science and Technology of Yoga and Meditation (SATYAM) Programme to explore the effect of yoga and meditation as add on therapy to fight COVID-19.

SATYAM Programme

  • The MoST is implementing SATYAM Programme since the year 2015-16 to promote scientific research in the field of yoga and meditation in order to understand its role in human wellbeing.
  • Its main objective is encouraging scientists, clinicians and experienced practitioners of yoga and meditation, with a proven track record, to submit concept notes.

Themes covered:

  • Investigations on the effect of Yoga and Meditation on physical and mental health and well being.
  • Investigations on the effect of Yoga and Meditation on the body, brain, and mind in terms of basic processes and mechanisms.

Focus on COVID

It shall focus on three dimensions of COVID related illness:

  • Mental Stress
  • Respiratory
  • Immune system

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AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

AYUSH Health-Wellness Centres

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: AYUSH Health-Wellness Centres

Mains level: Self-care practices and its benefits

What is the news: The Union Cabinet has approved the inclusion of AYUSH Health and Wellness Centre (AYUSH HWC) component of Ayushman Bharat in the National AYUSH Mission (NAM).

  • A total of 12,500 Ayush health and wellness centres throughout the country will be operationalised within a period of five years.
  • The implementation of the proposal will establish a holistic wellness model based on Ayush principles and practices focusing on preventive promotive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative healthcare by integration with the existing public health care system.

Why such a move?

  • The move is aimed at establishing a holistic wellness model based on AYUSH principles and practices focusing on preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative healthcare by integration with the existing public health care system.
  • The National Health Policy 2017 has advocated mainstreaming the potential of AYUSH systems (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sows-rigpa and Homoeopathy) within a pluralistic system of Integrative healthcare.
  • The vision of the proposal is to establish a holistic wellness model based on AYUSH principles and practices, to empower masses for ‘self care’ to reduce the disease burden and out of pocket expenditure and to provide informed choice of the needy public.

What is National AYUSH Mission (NAM)?

  • Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India has launched National AYUSH Mission (NAM) during 12th Plan for im­plementing through States/UTs.
  • The basic objective of NAM is to promote AYUSH medical systems through cost effective AYUSH services, strengthening of educational systems, facilitate the enforcement of quality control of ASU &H drugs and sustainable availability of ASU & H raw-materials.
  • It envisages flexibility of implementation of the programmes which will lead to substantial participation of the State Governments/UT.
  • The NAM contemplates establishment of a National Mission as well as corresponding Missions in the State level.

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AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

[pib] ICoSDiTAUS-2020

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: ICoSDiTAUS-2020

Mains level: NA

ICoSDiTAUS-2020 a two-day International Conference on Standardisation of Diagnosis and Terminologies in Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha systems of Medicine was concluded in New Delhi.

ICoSDiTAUS-2020

  • The conference was jointly organized by the Ministry of AYUSH and the WHO at New Delhi
  • It adopted the “New Delhi Declaration on Collection and Classification of Traditional Medicine (TM) Diagnostic Data”.
  • The New Delhi declaration emphasised the commitment of the countries to Traditional Medicine (TM) as a significant area of health care.
  • It further sought the opportunity for including traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) of WHO which is the standard diagnostic tool for health management across the world.

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AYUSH – Indian Medicine System

[pib] National Commission for Indian System of Medicines

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: Highlights of the bill

Mains level: Medical administartion in India and its loopholes

The Union Cabinet has given its approval for proposal of Official Amendments in the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine Bill, 2019 (NCIM) which is pending in the Rajya Sabha.

About the Commission

  • The main objective of establishing NCIM is to promote equity by ensuring adequate supply of quality medical professionals and enforce high ethical standards in all aspects of medical services in Indian System of Medicine.
  • The Commission will promote availability of affordable healthcare services in all parts of the country.
  • The Commission has been structured to streamline the functions related to academic standards, evaluation, assessment and accreditation of educational institutions pertaining to Indian System of Medicine.

Composition

  • The NCISM will consist of 29 members, appointed by the central government.
  • A Search Committee will recommend names to the central government for the post of Chairperson, part time members, and presidents of the four autonomous boards set up under the NCISM.
  • These posts will have a maximum term of four years.
  • The Search Committee will consist of five members including the Cabinet Secretary and three experts nominated by the central government (of which two should have experience in any of the fields of Indian System of Medicine).

Functions

Functions of the NCISM include:

  • framing policies for regulating medical institutions and medical professionals of Indian System of Medicine,
  • assessing the requirements of healthcare related human resources and infrastructure,
  • ensuring compliance by the State Medical Councils of Indian System of Medicine of the regulations made under the Bill, and
  • ensuring coordination among the autonomous boards set up under the Bill.

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