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Month: September 2017

Devolution of powers & finances up to local levels & challenges therein

Panchayati Raj Institution: Evolution, Features, Composition, Powers, Functions Rural Local Finance: Need, Mechanism Issues with PRIs Roadmap to Panchayati Raj: Finance, Empowerment Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996: Background, Important provisions, Associated problems Parastatals and associated problems Urban Local Government: Composition, Functions, Problems Urban Local Finance: Mechanism, Problems, Way Forward Urban Governance- Miscellaneous Issues: JNNURM,… Continue reading Devolution of powers & finances up to local levels & challenges therein

Urban Governance: JNNURM, District planning committees

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) JNNURM has been a path breaking scheme, which extended the scope of government sponsored development initiatives to urban areas in addition to rural areas. JNNURM can be termed as a direct outcome of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, which ensures urban sector reforms to strengthen municipal governance. The… Continue reading Urban Governance: JNNURM, District planning committees

Urban Local Government: Composition, Functions, Problems

CLICK:-REGISTER & DISCUSS ETHICS CASE STUDIES & YOUR UPSC PREPARATION WITH 1-1 CD MENTORS FOR FREE Urban Local government implies the governance of an urban area by the people through their elected representatives. 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 provided constitutional status to local urban bodies. 74th Constitutional Amendment This act added a new part IX-A… Continue reading Urban Local Government: Composition, Functions, Problems

Parastatals (Autonomous/semi autonomous institutions) and associated problems

Parastatals are institutions/organizations, which are wholly or partially owned and managed by the government (either autonomous or quasi-governmental). They may be formed either under specific State enactments or under the Societies Registration Act. These bodies are generally formed for delivery of specific services, implementation of specific schemes or programmes sponsored by the State/Union Government/international donor… Continue reading Parastatals (Autonomous/semi autonomous institutions) and associated problems

Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996: Background, Important provisions, Associated problems

Background to PESA PESA is a law enacted by Government of India to cover the “Scheduled Areas”, which are not covered in the 73rd Constitutional amendment. This particular act extends the provisions of Part IX to the Scheduled Areas of the country. PESA brought powers further down to the Gram Sabha level. The Gram Sabha… Continue reading Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996: Background, Important provisions, Associated problems

Issues with Panchayati Raj Institutions

Unscientific distribution of functions The Panchayati Raj scheme is defective in so far as the distribution of functions between the structures at different levels has not been made along scientific lines. The blending of development and local self-government functions has significantly curtailed the autonomy of the local self-government institutions. Again it has virtually converted them… Continue reading Issues with Panchayati Raj Institutions

Rural Local Finance: Need, Mechanism

Sources of Income of Panchayats Panchayats can discharge their functions efficiently only if they have sufficient financial resources. For resources, Panchayats depend mainly on grants from State Government. They also have taxation powers and have some income from owned or vested assets. They may get a share in the taxes, duties, tolls and fees that… Continue reading Rural Local Finance: Need, Mechanism

Panchayati Raj Institution: Evolution, Features, Composition, Powers, Functions

Panchayati Raj is a system of rural local self-government in India. It has been established in all the states of India by the acts of the state legislature to build democracy at the grass root level. It is entrusted with rural development and was constitutionalized through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992. REGISTER & DISCUSS… Continue reading Panchayati Raj Institution: Evolution, Features, Composition, Powers, Functions

Comparison of the Indian Constitutional Scheme with that of other countries

A constitution is a set of rules through which a country or state operates. Some countries have unwritten constitutions which means there is no formal constitution written in one particular document. Their constitutional rules are originated from a number of sources. Britain sources its constitution from a number of important statutes, or laws, as well… Continue reading Comparison of the Indian Constitutional Scheme with that of other countries

Constitution of Switzerland: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

The Spirit of Republicanism is a prominent theme of the Swiss Constitution. Another important feature of the Constitution is its federal features. Switzerland is known for its direct democracy. It is hailed as a Dynamic Constitution (features like protection of individual, welfare state et al) Comparison scheme w.r.t Indian Constitution Indian Constitution Swiss Constitution Executive… Continue reading Constitution of Switzerland: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

Constitution of Australia: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

Australia’s system of government is founded in the liberal democratic tradition. Based on the values of religious tolerance, freedom of speech and association, and the rule of law, Australia’s institutions and practices of government reflect British and North American models. At the same time, they are uniquely Australian. Australian federation is modeled on the US… Continue reading Constitution of Australia: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

Constitution of Canada: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

The Canadian Constitution encompasses a wide set of principles and values that govern key political relations in the Canadian society. Salient Features Constitutional Monarchy It is the central component of Canada’s constitutional framework. The Constitution Act, 1867 states that executive government and authority in Canada is vested in the Canadian Monarchy (which Canada shares with… Continue reading Constitution of Canada: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

German Constitution: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

Germany is a federation and the residuary powers in Germany lie with the states. The states are referred to as ‘Landers’. It has a Parliamentary form of Government, modeled on the British Parliamentary form. But it is not just a replicate of the system. Germany is called as ‘Chancellor’s Democracy’. Chancellor is the PM. President… Continue reading German Constitution: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

French constitution: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

France is known as ‘Laboratory of Political experiment’. It has a unitary form of government and nature of the government is called as semi-Presidential type It has some features of Parliamentary system and others of Presidential system The French Parliament does not have supremacy even in lawmaking. There is a list for which the legislature… Continue reading French constitution: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

Chinese constitution: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

China is a socialist country. There is supremacy of socialist ideology in China. The Chinese Constitution accepts the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Communist Party of China (CPC) is the largest political party in the world, having millions of local level members. It works on the principle of Democratic Centralism. The full… Continue reading Chinese constitution: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

Constitution of USA: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

Salient Features of American Constitution While American Constitution is the shortest (of any major government in the world) and the first written constitution, India’s Constitution is the lengthiest written constitution in the World. American Constitution is a very rigid constitution consisting of only Seven Articles and twenty-seven amendments, so far. Originally, the India Constitution consisted… Continue reading Constitution of USA: Features, Comparison with Indian + other constitutions

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