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Before legislation becomes litigation

Introduction The framers of the Indian Constitution rejected the British model of absolute parliamentary sovereignty and instead vested sovereignty in the Constitution. Parliament was given the power to make laws, but within constitutional limits. Judicial review was meant to be a sparing power, used exceptionally when laws violated constitutional principles. However, what was once exceptional… Continue reading Before legislation becomes litigation

Vithalbhai Patel and the Legacy of India’s Legislative Traditions

Why in the News? The Delhi Assembly has hosted a two-day All India Speakers’ Conference to mark 100 years since Vithalbhai Patel became the first Indian President of the Central Legislative Assembly, the precursor to today’s Parliament. Who was Vithalbhai Patel? Early Life: Vithalbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (1873–1933), Elder brother of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel; trained lawyer… Continue reading Vithalbhai Patel and the Legacy of India’s Legislative Traditions

In news: Donbas Region

Why in the News? The mineral-rich Donbas region remains central to future of Russia-Ukraine peace talks. About Donbas Region: Constituent Areas: Includes Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts in eastern Ukraine. Geographical Position: Bordered by the Sea of Azov in the south, which connects to the Black Sea via the Strait of Kerch. Industrial Hub: Known as… Continue reading In news: Donbas Region

Exercise Maitree

Why in the News? The 14th Maitree Exercise between Indian and Thai Army will be held in Umroi, Meghalaya returning to India after five years. About Exercise Maitree: Overview: A bilateral military exercise between the Indian Army and the Royal Thai Army. Started: 2006, as a collaborative initiative to deepen defense ties. Frequency: Held annually,… Continue reading Exercise Maitree

Jan Vishwas Bill 2.0

Why in the News? The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2025 was introduced in the Lok Sabha to further the government’s agenda of decriminalisation and rationalisation of laws. This is the second Jan Vishwas Bill; the first (2023) decriminalised 183 provisions in 42 Acts. About the Jan Vishwas Bill 2.0: Introduced in Lok Sabha… Continue reading Jan Vishwas Bill 2.0

Induction of INS Udaygiri and INS Himgiri Stealth Nilgiri Class Frigates

Why in the News? The Indian Navy has commissioned INS Udaygiri and INS Himgiri, Nilgiri-class frigates built under Project 17A, at Visakhapatnam. About INS Udaygiri & INS Himgiri: Feature INS Udaygiri INS Himgiri Builder Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd. (MDL), Mumbai Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata Series / Class 2nd ship of Project 17A;… Continue reading Induction of INS Udaygiri and INS Himgiri Stealth Nilgiri Class Frigates

[25th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The new Constitution Bill, the need for a balancing act

Mentor’s Comment The Constitution (One Hundred and Thirtieth Amendment) Bill, 2025 has sparked intense debate in Parliament and across the country. While it appears to be a strong step toward cleaner politics, it also raises deep constitutional and democratic concerns. For UPSC aspirants, this issue is important not only for its immediate political relevance but… Continue reading [25th August 2025] The Hindu Op-ed: The new Constitution Bill, the need for a balancing act

How have deception techniques evolved

Introduction Modern warfare is no longer about firepower alone; it is equally about deception. As precision-guided missiles, drones, and AI-enabled targeting systems grow deadlier, militaries are turning to decoy technologies to confuse radars, mislead missiles, and protect valuable assets. India’s reported use of the AI-enabled X-Guard decoy during Operation Sindoor shows how deception has become… Continue reading How have deception techniques evolved

Census 2027 and Urban Area Definition

Why in the News? The Registrar General of India (RGI) has announced that the same definition of “urban area” used in Census 2011 will be retained in Census 2027 to ensure comparability of data and analysis of urbanisation trends. Background and Urbanisation Trends: Census 2011 Data: India’s population was 121 crore – 68.8% rural (83.3… Continue reading Census 2027 and Urban Area Definition

Asgard Archaea and the Evolution of Complex Cells

Why in the News? Recent research by IISc on Asgard archaea — the closest living relatives of eukaryotes — has shed new light on how simple prokaryotic cells evolved into complex eukaryotic cells with nuclei, cytoskeletons, and organelles. About Asgard Archaea: Nature: Tiny microbes living in deep-sea mud and extreme environments. Evolutionary Link: Closest relatives… Continue reading Asgard Archaea and the Evolution of Complex Cells

Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS) 

Why in the News? The DRDO has successfully conducted the maiden flight-tests of the Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS) off the coast of Odisha. About the Indigenous Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS): Overview: A multi-layered indigenous system developed to neutralise a wide spectrum of aerial threats. Integration: Combines 3 components viz. Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air… Continue reading Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS) 

Nepal officially joins IBCA

Why in the News? Nepal has officially joined the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA), an India-led global initiative to protect seven species of big cats. About the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) Overview: A global multi-country, multi-agency alliance of 95 countries (range and non-range) focused on conserving big cats and their habitats. Launch: Proposed by… Continue reading Nepal officially joins IBCA

Balancing Safety and Investment: Can India Build a Trusted Nuclear Ecosystem ?

N4S  India is looking to ease its liability laws to limit supplier liability and attract foreign investment for reviving nuclear energy projects and meeting clean energy goals. UPSC frames broad, issue-based questions linking nuclear energy to climate goals, energy security, and public safety – like the 2018 GS3 question on expanding India’s nuclear programme. Most… Continue reading Balancing Safety and Investment: Can India Build a Trusted Nuclear Ecosystem ?

UPSC Mains 2025 GS Paper 1 (23rd August 2025)- Ratio, Model Answers

Whatsapp for Inquiry: https://shorturl.at/1eRHN On 23rd August 2025, UPSC conducted the UPSC Mains GS Paper 1 Exam 2025 and the PDF for the same is available here to download. Rest of the UPSC Mains Question Paper 2025 will be available here in PDF format for aspirants once the exam is over. The UPSC Mains 2025… Continue reading UPSC Mains 2025 GS Paper 1 (23rd August 2025)- Ratio, Model Answers

[23rd August 2025] Set the guardrails for AI use in courtrooms

Mentors Comment Artificial Intelligence (AI) is steadily entering the Indian judiciary, promising efficiency in a system burdened with nearly five crore pending cases. However, without proper guardrails, it risks undermining the very foundation of justice. The recent Kerala High Court guidelines mark India’s first attempt at framing policy around AI use in judicial processes. This… Continue reading [23rd August 2025] Set the guardrails for AI use in courtrooms

Reforming the steel framework

Introduction Independence Day speeches are often symbolic, but in 2025 the Prime Minister shifted focus to frontier technologies, semiconductors, clean energy, AI, quantum computing, and defence indigenisation. Unlike earlier years, this vision was paired with the acknowledgment that bureaucratic inertia and regulatory red tape remain India’s toughest hurdles. The central challenge is whether India’s governance… Continue reading Reforming the steel framework

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