Type: India Mapping

P

PC: MapsOfIndia

A tiger believed to have been responsible for the death of two herders in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve was finally captured.

Read all the tiger reserves in India through this map. Put more focus on South Indian states and the NE region.

Mudumalai Tiger Reserve

• Mudumalai National Park is a national park in the Nilgiri Mountains in Tamil Nadu.
• It is located in the Nilgiri District and shares boundaries with the states of Karnataka and Kerala.
• It is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and was declared a tiger reserve in 2007.
• It harbours several endangered and vulnerable species including Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, Indian elephant and gaur.

Try this PYQ:

Q. Recently there was a proposal to translocate some of the lions from their natural habitat in Gujarat to which one of the following sites?

(a) Corbett National Park

(b) Kuno Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary

(c) Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary

(d) Sariska National Park

 

Post your answers here.

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The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) approved the Chhattisgarh government’s proposal to declare the combined areas of the Guru Ghasidas National Park and Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary as a Tiger Reserve.

Bhoramdeo Tiger Reserve

• The new Reserve is located in the northern part of the state, bordering Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand.
• This will be the fourth Tiger Reserve in Chhattisgarh, after the Udanti-Sitanadi, Achanakmar, and Indravati Reserves.
• The proposal was considered under Section 38V(1) of The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
• This section says that the State Government shall, on the recommendation of the Tiger Conservation Authority, notify an area as a tiger reserve.

A decade in making

• The Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary was identified as part of the Sarguja Jashpur Elephant Reserve in 2011.
• The Guru Ghasidas National Park used to be part of the Sanjay National Park in undivided Madhya Pradesh.
• Both were identified as reserve forests, and had been in line to be notified as Tiger Reserve since 2011.

Medium-sized reserve

• The constituent units of the new Tiger Reserve, Guru Ghasidas National Park and Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary, are spread over 1,44,000 hectares (1,440 sq km) and 60,850 hectares (608.5 sq km) respectively.
• Guru Ghasidas National Park is in Koriya district; Tamor Pingla is in Surajpur district in the northwestern corner of Chhattisgarh.

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UNESCO has designated Mura-Drava-Danube (MDD) as the world’s first ‘five-country biosphere reserve’.

About Mura-Drava-Danube BR

• The biosphere reserve covers 700 kilometres of the Mura, Drava and Danube rivers and stretches across Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary and Serbia.
• The total area of the reserve — a million hectares — in the so-called ‘Amazon of Europe’, makes it the largest riverine protected area on the continent.
• The reserve is home to floodplain forests, gravel and sand banks, river islands, oxbows and meadows.
• It is home to continental Europe’s highest density of breeding white-tailed eagle (more than 150 pairs), as well as endangered species such as the little tern, black stork, otters, beavers and sturgeons.
• It is also an important annual resting and feeding place for more than 250,000 migratory birds, according to WWF.
• Almost 900,000 people live in the biosphere reserve. (UPSC may ask if it is uninhabited.)

Significance of this BR

• The new reserve represented an important contribution to the European Green Deal and contributes to the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy in the Mura-Drava-Danube region.
• The strategy’s aim is to revitalize 25,000 km of rivers and protect 30 per cent of the European Union’s land area by 2030.
• The declaration as BR puts river revitalization, sustainable business practices enhancing cross-border cooperation into focus.

Ignore at your own risk! Its better to correct it here itself.

Such PYQs are ought to repeat any number of times in UPSC CSE.

Q. Consider the following statements:

1. The boundaries of a National Park are defined by legislation.
2. A Biosphere Reserve is declared to conserve a few specific species of flora and fauna.
3. In a Wildlife Sanctuary, limited biotic interference is permitted.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

 

Post your answers here.

Back2Basics: UNESCO Biosphere Reserves

• Biosphere reserves are ‘learning places for sustainable development’.
• They are nominated by national governments and remain under the sovereign jurisdiction of the states where they are located.
• They are designated under the intergovernmental MAB Programme by the Director-General of UNESCO following the decisions of the MAB International Coordinating Council (MAB ICC).
• Their status is internationally recognized. Member States can submit sites through the designation process.
• Biosphere reserves include terrestrial, marine and coastal ecosystems.

They integrate three main “functions”:

1. Conservation of biodiversity and cultural diversity
2. Economic development that is socio-culturally and environmentally sustainable
3. Logistic support, underpinning development through research, monitoring, education and training

(a) Core Areas

It comprises a strictly protected zone that contributes to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation

(b) Buffer Zones

It surrounds or adjoins the core area(s), and is used for activities compatible with sound ecological practices that can reinforce scientific research, monitoring, training and education.

(c) Transition Area

The transition area is where communities foster socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable economic and human activities.

UNESCO recognized BRs in India

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A herd of around 25 elephants from Nepal’s Shuklaphanta National Park reached the tiger reserve in Uttar Pradesh almost a month back.

Pilibhit Tiger Reserve

• Pilibhit Tiger Reserve is located in Pilibhit district of Uttar Pradesh and was notified as a tiger reserve in 2014.
• It is one of the few well-forested districts in Uttar Pradesh.
• It forms part of the Terai Arc Landscape in the upper Gangetic Plain along the India-Nepal border.
• The habitat is characterized by sal forests, tall grasslands and swamp maintained by periodic flooding from rivers.
• The Sharda Sagar Dam extending up to a length of 22 km is on the boundary of the reserve.
• The tiger reserve got the first international award TX2 for doubling the tiger population in a stipulated time.

Try answering this PYQ:

Q.Consider the following protected areas:

1. Bandipur
2. Bhitarkanika
3. Manas
4. Sunderbans

Which of the above are declared Tiger Reserves?

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 1, 3 and 4 only

(c) 2, 3 and 4 only

(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

 

Post your answers here.

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