“India is, the cradle of the human race, birthplace of human speech, mother of history, the grandmother of legend, & great grandmother of tradition.” – Mark Twain. However, this richness often intersects with socio-economic marginalities, disproportionately impacting certain communities. Cultural Diversity Intersect With Socio-Economic Marginalities Reinforcing Inequality Challenging the Proposition Way Forward A a multi-pronged… Continue reading Critically analyse the proposition that there is a high correlation between India’s cultural diversities and socio-economic marginalities(GS1 2024 Question)

Globalization describes the growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information, often led to changes in lifestyle, beliefs, ideologies and economies. Increased Urban Migration  By Skilled, Young, Unmarried Women From Various Classes Due To Globalization  Globalization’s Impact… Continue reading Globalization has increased urban migration by skilled, young, unmarried women from various classes. How has this trend impacted upon their personal freedom and relationship with family?(GS1 2024 Question)

India’s constitutional vision of equity and social justice, embodied in preamble, Articles 15, 16, and 46, has led to extensive affirmative action policies. However, the gap between policy formulation and ground-level impact remains significant, revealing systemic issues in implementation and societal structures. Comprehensive Policies For Equity And Social Justice Achievements of Equity and Social Justice… Continue reading Despite comprehensive policies for equity and social justice, underprivileged sections are not yet getting the full benefits of affirmative action envisaged by the Constitution. Comment.(GS1 2024 Question)

Regional disparity refers to the unequal distribution of economic resources, development, and opportunities across different regions within a country. It results in significant differences in income, living standards, infrastructure, and employment levels across areas. Difference between regional disparity and diversity Aspect Regional Disparity Diversity Definition unequal distribution of resources, wealth, and opportunities across different regions… Continue reading What is regional disparity? How does it differ from diversity? How serious is the issue of regional disparity in India?(GS1 2024 Question)

A twister or tornado is a rotating column of air that forms from a thunderstorm and touches the ground, while over the sea it is known as a waterspout. Tornadoes are among the most violent and destructive natural phenomena, with wind speeds exceeding 300 km/h in extreme cases. Characteristics of Twister Formation of Twisters Why… Continue reading What is a twister? Why are the majority of twisters observed in areas around the Gulf of Mexico?(GS1 2024 Question)

Auroras are luminous phenomena that occur near the North (Aurora Borealis) and South Poles (Aurora Australis). They are caused by the interaction of charged particles from the Sun with the Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere. Aurora Borealis: Often called the Northern Lights, it occurs in the northern hemisphere, predominantly in regions near the Arctic Circle.… Continue reading What are aurora australis and aurora borealis? How are these triggered?(GS1 2024 Question)

As per “Interconnected Disaster Risks Report 2023” of the UN, Some areas in the Indo-Gangetic basin in India have already passed the groundwater depletion tipping point and its entire northwestern region is predicted to experience critically low groundwater availability by 2025. As per CGWA, groundwater storage levels in the Ganga basin have been declining by… Continue reading The groundwater potential of the Gangetic valley is on a serious decline. How may it affect the food security of India?(GS1 2024 Question)

The Industrial Revolution in Britain, beginning in the 18th century, transformed the country into an economic powerhouse. However, this progress came at the expense of India’s local industries, which faced stagnation due to the influx of cheap British goods and exploitative colonial policies. Industrial revolution in Britain as responsible for decline of handicrafts and cottage… Continue reading How far was the Industrial Revolution in England responsible for the decline of handicrafts and cottage industries in India?(GS1 2024 Question)

The First World War, often referred to as the Great War, was a worldwide conflict that spanned from 1914 to 1918. It involved numerous major powers and resulted in extensive loss of life and widespread destruction. A significant factor contributing to the war’s outbreak was the ambition to preserve the balance of power in Europe.… Continue reading How far is it correct to say that the First World War was fought essentially for the preservation of balance of power?(GS1 2024 Question)

“The Cholas (9th–13th century CE), under great rulers like Rajaraja Chola I and Rajendra Chola I, were not just conquerors; they were also great patrons of art, whose temples and sculptures still stand as a testament to their artistic excellence.” Achievements of Cholas in Art and architecture  Temple architecture  Painting Bronze sculptures Achievements of Cholas… Continue reading “Though the great Cholas are no more yet their name is still remembered with great pride because of their highest achievements in the domain of art and architecture.” Comment.

Socio-economic issues are complex, multifaceted challenges that require leveraging the complementary strengths and combined efforts of various stakeholders.  “Alone we can do so little, together we can do so much” – Helen Keller Socio-Economic Issues of Development  Cooperation between the government, NGOs, and private sectors  Issues Way Forward Coordination and Alignment of Objectives Establishing Clear… Continue reading What type of cooperation between the government, NGOs, and private sectors would be most effective in tackling socio-economic issues of development?(GS1 2024 Question)

Inter-caste marriages occur between individuals from different castes of same religion, while interreligious marriages involve individuals from different religions. According to the National Family Health Survey, the overall rate of inter-religious marriage in India is 2.1% and 10% of marriages in India were inter-caste. Increase in Intercaste Marriages with Socio-economic Parity Lower interreligious marriages despite… Continue reading Intercaste marriages between castes which have socio-economic parity have increased, to some extent, but this is less true of interreligious marriages. Discuss(GS1 2024 Question)

“I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved.”  – Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Gender equality Gender equity Women empowerment 1. refers to the equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities of all genders  2. Men, women and other genders enjoy the same rights across all sectors of society including economic… Continue reading Distinguish between gender equality, gender equity, and women’s empowerment. Why is it important to take gender concerns into account in program design and implementation?(GS1 2024 Question)

The term “demographic winter” refers to a situation where birth rates fall significantly below the replacement level, leading to an aging population, a shrinking workforce, and economic challenges. By 2022, there were 771 million people aged 65 and older, making up about 10% of the global population. This figure is expected to rise to 16%… Continue reading What is the concept of a ‘demographic Winter’? Is the world moving towards such a situation? Elaborate.(GS1 2024 Question)

According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), 100 mm of rain in one hour is called a cloudburst. Usually, cloudbursts occur over a small geographical region of 20 to 30 square kilometers. Ministry of Earth Science reported(2021) that due to climate change from 1969 there is increased incidence of 5 cloudburst per decade especially on… Continue reading What is the phenomenon of ‘cloudbursts’? Explain(GS1 2024 Question)

Urban migration refers to the movement of people from rural areas to cities, primarily in search of better employment opportunities and improved living standards. As per Periodic Labour Force Survey, rural-to-urban migration, represents 18.9% of total internal migration in India. World migration report 2024 indicates that urban migration, especially to larger tier 1 and 2… Continue reading Why do large cities tend to attract more migrants than smaller towns? Discuss in the light of conditions in developing countries(GS1 2024 Question)

Sea surface temperature (SST) rise refers to the increase in the temperature of the uppermost layer of the ocean, primarily caused by global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions. According to Copernicus Climate Change Service, the average global SST for February 2024 was 21.06 degrees Celsius, the highest level since 1979.  Factors leading to rise… Continue reading What is sea surface temperature rise? How does it affect the formation of tropical cyclones?(GS1 2024 Question)