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  • Oil and Gas Sector – HELP, Open Acreage Policy, etc.

    India’s First Green Methanol Plant 

    Prelims Only | Enviro & Biodiversity | Mains Paper 3: Conservation, Environmental Pollution & Degradation, Eia,Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways Etc.

    Why in the News

    India is set to establish its first green methanol plant at Kandla using the invasive plant Prosopis juliflora as feedstock. The project aims to produce clean marine fuel and support India’s transition to green shipping.

    About Prosopis juliflora

    • A Mexican-origin invasive species
    • Known locally as:
      • Vilayati Keekar (North India)
      • Gando Baval (Gujarat)
    • Introduced in India:
      • 1920s by British
      • Later in 1961 in Gujarat to check desertification
    • Problem:
      • Replaces native grasses
      • Harms biodiversity in Banni grasslands (Kutch)

    About Green Methanol

    • Methanol produced using renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels
    • Used as marine fuel replacing bunker oil
    • Helps reduce emissions significantly

    Key Features of the Project

    • Location: Deendayal Port Authority
    • Production capacity: 5 tonnes per day
    • Developed by: Thermax and Ankur Scientific
    • Feedstock:
      • Prosopis juliflora
      • Other biomass like bagasse and cotton stalk
    [2018] Why is a plant called Prosopis juliflora often mentioned in news? 
    (a) Its extract is widely used in cosmetics. 
    (b) It tends to reduce the biodiversity in the area in which it grows. 
    (c) Its extract is used in the synthesis of pesticides. 
    (d) None of the above.

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  • Economic Indicators and Various Reports On It- GDP, FD, EODB, WIR etc

    Revenue Deficit and Fiscal Stress in States 

    Prelims Only | Economics | Mains Paper 3: Indian Economy

    Why in the News

    The Ministry of Finance in its Monthly Economic Review (April 2026) has warned that several Indian States with revenue deficits and high debt burdens may face fiscal stress, especially during economic shocks.

    What is Revenue Deficit

    • Occurs when revenue expenditure exceeds revenue receipts
    • Revenue expenditure includes:
      • Salaries
      • Pensions
      • Subsidies
      • Interest payments
    • Revenue receipts include:
      • Taxes
      • Fees
      • Non tax revenues

    Key Findings

    • Out of 18 major States analysed:
      • 9 States projected to have revenue deficit
      • 7 States projected to have revenue surplus
      • 1 State in revenue balance

    States with Revenue Deficit (Important)

    • Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh.
    • Punjab has highest interest burden (22.8 percent of revenue receipts)

    States with Revenue Surplus

    • Odisha, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Telangana, and Bihar

    Key Concept

    • Golden Rule of Fiscal Policy
      • Governments should borrow only for capital expenditure
      • Revenue deficit should ideally be zero

    Fiscal Concerns

    • High interest payments reduce fiscal flexibility
    • Revenue deficit States may:
      • Cut productive expenditure (capital spending)
      • Seek higher central transfers
    • Limited ability to respond to economic shocks
    [2025] Suppose the revenue expenditure is ₹ 80,000 crores and the revenue receipts of the Government are ₹ 60,000 crores. The Government budget also shows borrowings of ₹ 10,000 crores and interest payments of ₹ 6,000 crores. Which of the following statements are correct? 
    I. Revenue deficit is ₹ 20,000 crores. 
    II. Fiscal deficit is ₹ 10,000 crores. 
    III. Primary deficit is ₹ 4,000 crores. 
    Select the correct answer using the code given below. 
    [A] I and II only [B] II and III only [C] I and III only [D] I, II and III

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  • Women Safety Issues – Marital Rape, Domestic Violence, Swadhar, Nirbhaya Fund, etc.

    Supreme Court on Abortion Law for Minor Rape Victims 

    Prelims OnlySC Judgements | Polity | Mains Paper 2: Indian Constitution – historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure

    Why in the News

    The Supreme Court of India has asked the Union government to consider removing the time limit on abortion in cases involving minor rape survivors, while hearing a case allowing termination of a 30 week pregnancy of a 15 year old survivor.

    Background

    • Under the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 (amended in 2021):
      • Abortion allowed up to 24 weeks for special categories
        • Rape survivors
        • Minors
        • Women with disabilities

    Key Observations of the Court

    • State or doctors cannot decide for the survivor
    • Decision should rest with:
      • Survivor
      • Parents or guardians
    • Emphasised reproductive autonomy and dignity
    • Forcing continuation of pregnancy may cause lifelong trauma

    Court’s Suggestions

    • Amend law to:
      • Remove time limit for abortion in minor rape cases
      • Ensure speedy trial (within one week)
      • Provide compensation to victim (including property of accused)

    Legal and Constitutional Aspects

    Article 21

    • Right to life and personal liberty
    • Includes reproductive autonomy and bodily integrity
    • Reproductive Rights: Recognised as part of privacy and dignity

    Key Issues Highlighted

    • Conflict between: Foetal rights vs rights of the survivor
    • Importance of informed consent
    • Role of doctors: Provide medical guidance, not impose decisions

    Important Concepts

    • Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP): Legal framework governing abortion in India
    • Reproductive Autonomy: Right of a woman to make decisions about her body and pregnancy
    [2019] Which Article of the Constitution of India safeguards one’s right to marry the person of one’s choice? 
    (a) Article 19 (b) Article 21 (c) Article 25 (d) Article 29

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  • Foreign Policy Watch: India-Pakistan

    [30th April 2026] The Hindu OpED: South Asian power balance shifts towards Pakistan

    op-ed snap | International Relations | Mains Paper 2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and agreements involving India

    PYQ Relevance[UPSC 2019] The long-sustained image of India as a leader of the oppressed and marginalised Nations has disappeared on account of its new found role in the emerging global order”. Elaborate.Linkage: The PYQ directly connects with India’s changing global perception vs actual capabilities, as highlighted in the article. It tests understanding of soft power, diplomatic positioning, and shifting global roles, which form the core theme of the issue.

    Mentor’s Comment

    A renewed debate has emerged on South Asia’s power balance following Pakistan’s elevated diplomatic visibility, particularly as a mediator in U.S.-Iran engagements. This marks a contrast with India’s relatively restrained global posture, especially on major geopolitical issues like Gaza and Iran. The development is significant because it suggests a perceptual shift where Pakistan is gaining diplomatic relevance without major changes in core capabilities.

    Why is Pakistan’s diplomatic rise being viewed as a turning point in South Asia?

    1. Diplomatic Mediation Role: Pakistan facilitated communication between the U.S. and Iran, elevating its relevance in global diplomacy. Example: Public acknowledgment by U.S. leadership for Pakistan’s role in maintaining communication channels.
    2. Leadership Recognition: Pakistan’s leadership, including military and political heads, received international visibility, strengthening external legitimacy.
    3. Contrast with India: India maintained strategic silence on major geopolitical issues (e.g., Gaza crisis), leading to perceptions of reduced engagement.
    4. Perception Shift: Pakistan is now seen as a central diplomatic actor, whereas India is perceived as relatively passive.

    How has enhanced diplomatic visibility translated into strategic gains for Pakistan?

    1. U.S. Engagement: Strengthened ties with the U.S., particularly in counterterrorism cooperation against Al-Qaeda and ISIS.
    2. Gulf Influence: Expanded influence in Gulf countries; example: Saudi Arabia’s multi-billion dollar financial commitments.
    3. Security Partnerships: Defence cooperation with Saudi Arabia and potential alignment with Qatar enhances regional leverage.
    4. Economic Gains: Diplomatic outreach converted into financial and political dividends.
    5. Narrative Advantage: Pakistan countered India’s attempts to diplomatically isolate it on terrorism issues.

    What does the ‘hierarchy of power’ framework reveal about this shift?

    1. Superpowers: U.S. and China dominate global influence across military, economic, and institutional domains.
    2. Global Powers: States like Russia project power across multiple regions.
    3. Middle Powers: Countries like Türkiye, South Korea, Indonesia, Brazil influence through partnerships and economic strength.
    4. Regional Powers: States like Saudi Arabia dominate geographically limited regions.
    5. Analytical Insight: Pakistan is moving from a lower regional position toward aspiring middle-power status, while India risks slipping from global to middle-power perception.

    Why is India’s global profile perceived to be declining despite strong fundamentals?

    1. Strategic Restraint: Limited public positioning on major global crises reduces visibility.
    2. Geopolitical Silence: Lack of assertive stance on issues involving U.S. and Israel affects perception.
    3. Economic Signals: Decline in India’s ranking from the 4th to 6th largest economy weakens perception.
    4. Platform Visibility: Reduced prominence of groupings like I2U2, BRICS, and QUAD in current discourse.
    5. Outcome: India’s image shifts from a proactive global power to a cautious middle power.

    How do soft power and perception influence international rankings more than hard power?

    1. Soft Power Dimensions: Diplomacy, economic networks, and institutional influence shape global standing.
    2. Lowy Institute Framework: Combines hard power (55%) and soft power (45%) to assess national power.
    3. Pakistan’s Advantage: Improved diplomatic outreach enhances soft power without major change in material strength.
    4. India’s Limitation: Strong hard power (military, economy, demographics) not fully translated into diplomatic influence.
    5. Key Insight: Perception can temporarily outweigh structural capabilities in global politics.

    What structural constraints continue to shape India and Pakistan’s long-term power positions?

    1. India’s Strengths: Military capability, large economy, demographic scale, technological base.
    2. Pakistan’s Constraints: Fragile economy, dependence on external aid, limited industrial base.
    3. Sustainability Question: Pakistan’s rise is largely perception-driven, while India’s power remains structurally grounded.
    4. Policy Implication: Long-term dominance depends on hard power fundamentals, not short-term diplomatic gains.

    Conclusion

    The current shift reflects a perception-driven recalibration, not a structural transformation of power. Pakistan’s diplomatic assertiveness has enhanced its visibility, while India’s restraint has affected its global image. However, enduring power hierarchies remain anchored in economic strength, military capacity, and technological advancement. India’s challenge lies in aligning its strong fundamentals with more visible and proactive diplomacy.

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  • Health Sector – UHC, National Health Policy, Family Planning, Health Insurance, etc.

    Increasing coverage, growing distress

    Explained | Economics | Mains Paper 3: Inclusive Growth & Issues,Indian Economy

    Why in the News?

    Recent NSS 80th Round (2025) data reveals a striking contradiction: health insurance coverage has increased significantly since 2017-18, yet hospitalisation rates have not improved and out-of-pocket expenditure has sharply increased, especially in private hospitals. This is significant because, for the first time, empirical evidence shows that government-funded insurance schemes are not delivering financial protection, and may even be benefiting relatively better-off groups.

    Why has increased insurance coverage not improved healthcare utilisation?

    1. Stagnant hospitalisation rates: NSS data shows hospitalisation rates remain below 2014 levels in rural areas and only marginally higher in urban areas.
    2. Shift to private care: Public hospital usage declined, while private sector reliance increased.
    3. Access barriers: Unavailability of medicines, diagnostics, and high transport costs reduce public healthcare utilisation.
    4. Inefficiency in coverage translation: Coverage expansion does not ensure actual service delivery or utilisation.

    Why is out-of-pocket expenditure increasing despite insurance schemes?

    1. Rising private sector costs: OOP expenditure increased >70% (rural) and ~80% (urban).
    2. Partial coverage: Insurance schemes often exclude diagnostics, medicines, and indirect costs.
    3. Additional charges: Despite coverage, patients are frequently charged extra in private hospitals.
    4. Low reimbursement rates: Below-market rates under PMJAY incentivise informal billing practices.

    Why are insurance schemes disproportionately benefiting the better-off?

    1. Urban bias: Only 13% of urban beneficiaries belong to the poorest class.
    2. Awareness gap: Poor households have lower awareness and utilisation capacity.
    3. Private sector access: Better-off groups are more capable of accessing empanelled private hospitals.
    4. Structural inequality: Insurance design fails to address social determinants of access.

    What fiscal and systemic challenges are emerging from insurance-led healthcare?

    1. State fiscal stress: Increased hospitalisation under schemes leads to budgetary pressure on states.
    2. Delayed reimbursements: States like Haryana report delays in payments to private providers.
    3. Dependence on private sector: Weak public infrastructure leads to over-reliance on private providers.
    4. Market distortion: Insurance subsidies indirectly support private healthcare expansion.

    Is insurance-based Universal Health Coverage (UHC) viable for India?

    1. Profit-driven incentives: Private providers focus on high-margin treatments, undermining equity.
    2. Limited preventive care: Insurance model emphasises hospitalisation, not primary care.
    3. Weak regulation: Insufficient oversight leads to overcharging and unnecessary procedures.
    4. Public system neglect: Investment in primary healthcare remains inadequate.

    What alternative model is suggested for effective healthcare delivery?

    1. Strengthening public healthcare: Emphasis on universal, tax-funded public health systems.
    2. Primary care focus: Initiatives like Ayushman Arogya Mandir (AAM) offer comprehensive primary care, including NCDs.
    3. Integrated approach: Combining preventive, promotive, and curative care
    4. Regulation of the private sector: Ensures accountability and cost control.

    Conclusion

    India’s health insurance expansion highlights a structural paradox: coverage without care and protection without affordability. A shift from insurance-led to system-strengthening approaches, especially in primary healthcare, is essential for achieving equitable and sustainable Universal Health Coverage.

    PYQ Relevance

    [UPSC 2022] Is inclusive growth possible under market economy? State the significance of financial inclusion in achieving economic growth in India.

    Linkage: The PYQ highlights the gap between coverage expansion (financial inclusion) and actual welfare outcomes, similar to health insurance failing to ensure real protection. This is directly relevant to analysing whether insurance-led healthcare promotes inclusive growth or deepens inequality.

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  • Freedom of Speech – Defamation, Sedition, etc.

    Hate speech stems from an ‘us versus them’ mindset

    Explained | Polity | Mains Paper 2: Indian Constitution – historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure

    Why in the News?

    The Supreme Court recently held that hate speech comes from an “us vs them” mindset. It weakens fraternity and social harmony. The Court refused to ask for new laws. It stressed poor enforcement of existing laws as the real problem. This is important because public debate often demands stricter laws. The Court says laws already exist but are not applied well. Petitions showed hate speech continues despite past judgments. This points to a system failure, not a legal gap.

    What is the constitutional and philosophical basis of the Court’s observation?

    1. Fraternity as a constitutional value: Ensures social cohesion and unity in diversity as part of the Preamble.
    2. Moral fabric of society: Strengthens dignity and mutual respect among citizens.
    3. Civilizational ethos: Reflects Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, emphasizing universal brotherhood.
    4. Antithesis of hate speech: Undermines inclusiveness by promoting exclusion and hostility.

    Why did the Court refuse to mandate new laws on hate speech?

    1. Judicial restraint: Preserves separation of powers by avoiding legislative functions.
    2. Existing legal framework: Includes provisions under IPC/BNS addressing public order and incitement.
    3. Institutional role clarity: Limits judiciary to interpretation and application of law.
    4. Avoidance of overreach: Prevents creation of parallel regulatory regimes.

    What are the existing hate speech laws in India?

    1. Article 19(1)(a): Ensures freedom of speech.
    2. Article 19(2): Allows restrictions for public order and morality.
    3. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS):
      1. Section on promoting enmity: Penalizes speech causing hatred between groups.
      2. Public mischief provisions: Punish rumours leading to fear or violence
    4. Representation of People Act, 1951:
      1. Electoral hate speech: Bars appeals based on religion, caste, etc.
    5. IT Rules and IT Act:
      1. Online regulation: Targets fake news and harmful content.

    What explains the persistence of hate speech despite legal provisions?

    1. Enforcement deficit: Weak implementation by law enforcement agencies.
    2. Administrative failure: Inconsistent application of laws across regions.
    3. Delayed justice delivery: Reduces deterrence effect of existing laws.
    4. Societal normalization: Continued tolerance of divisive narratives.

    How does hate speech threaten constitutional order and public harmony?

    1. Erosion of fraternity: Weakens unity in a diverse society.
    2. Public order disruption: Leads to inter-group hostility and violence.
    3. Institutional strain: Challenges governance and law enforcement credibility.
    4. Democratic decline: Undermines inclusive participation and trust.

    What role should institutions play in addressing hate speech?

    1. Law enforcement agencies: Ensure consistent and unbiased application of laws.
    2. Judiciary: Uphold constitutional values through interpretation.
    3. Legislature: Maintain clarity and adequacy of legal provisions.
    4. Civil society: Promote awareness and counter divisive narratives.

    What broader societal transformation is required?

    1. Mindset shift: Moves from identity-based exclusion to inclusive citizenship.
    2. Ethical reinforcement: Promotes empathy and respect in public discourse.
    3. Educational reforms: Integrates constitutional values into curricula.
    4. Media responsibility: Reduces sensationalism and misinformation.

    Conclusion

    The Supreme Court reframes hate speech as a societal and enforcement issue rather than a legislative gap. Addressing it requires strengthening institutional accountability and nurturing constitutional values of fraternity and inclusiveness.

    PYQ Relevance

    [UPSC 2022] Right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to the Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute. Comment.

    Linkage: This question reflects the idea that Fundamental Rights are subject to reasonable restrictions, similar to Article 19(2) limits on hate speech. The Supreme Court judgment reinforces that free speech is not absolute and must align with public order, dignity, and fraternity.

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  • Right To Privacy

    Sabarimala Review and Religious Reform 

    Prelims Only | Polity | Mains Paper 2: Indian Constitution – historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure

    Why in the News

    The Supreme Court of India, while hearing the Sabarimala review case, observed that courts cannot reform religion, even as debates continue on balancing religious freedom and constitutional rights.

    Background of the Case

    • Concerns entry of women aged 10 to 50 years into the Sabarimala Temple
    • 2018 judgment allowed entry, upholding right to worship
    • Review petitions challenge this verdict

    Key Observations by the Court

    • Courts cannot initiate religious reform
    • Reform must come from within religion or society
    • Need to balance:
      • Religious practices
      • Constitutional values

    Arguments Presented

    For Reform (Indira Jaising’s View)

    • Religion must evolve to remain relevant
    • Equality (Article 14) and dignity (Article 21) cannot be subordinate to religion
    • Religious practices must align with constitutional morality

    Concerns Raised by Judges

    • Reforms should not destroy core religious identity
    • Need to avoid excessive interference in doctrinal matters

    Key Constitutional Provisions

    • Article 14: Right to equality before law
    • Article 21: Right to life and dignity
    • Article 25: Freedom of religion and worship

    Important Legal Concepts

    • Essential Religious Practices Test
      • Determines which practices are essential to a religion
      • Only essential practices get constitutional protection
    • Constitutional Morality: Principles like equality, dignity, and justice guide interpretation of laws
    [2019] Which Article of the Constitution of India safeguards one’s right to marry the person of one’s choice? 
    (a) Article 19
    (b) Article 21
    (c) Article 25
    (d) Article 29

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  • Freedom of Speech – Defamation, Sedition, etc.

    Supreme Court on Hate Speech 

    Prelims Only | Polity | Mains Paper 2: Executive & Judiciary,Indian Constitution – historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure

    Why in the News?

    The Supreme Court of India, in an April 2026 judgment, highlighted that hate speech and rumour mongering threaten the constitutional value of fraternity, but declined to direct enactment of new laws, emphasizing effective enforcement of existing legal provisions.

    Key Observations of the Court

    • Hate speech arises from an “us versus them” mindset
    • It promotes exclusion and discrimination
    • Undermines fraternity and unity in a diverse society
    • Considered against constitutional morality and civilisational ethos
    • Linked to the idea of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (world is one family)

    Constitutional Provisions Involved

    • Article 19(1)(a): Guarantees freedom of speech and expression
    • Article 19(2): Allows reasonable restrictions on grounds like:
      • Public order
      • Decency
      • Morality
      • Sovereignty and integrity
    • Fraternity (Preamble): Ensures unity and sense of brotherhood among citizens

    Legal Position on Hate Speech

    • No single comprehensive law exclusively defining hate speech
    • Covered under various provisions:
      • Indian Penal Code sections related to
        • Promoting enmity
        • Public mischief
      • IT laws for online content

    Court’s Stand

    • Court cannot legislate new laws
    • Responsibility lies with: Legislature and Executive
    • Focus should be on better implementation of existing laws

    Key Concepts

    • Hate Speech: Speech that incites hatred, discrimination, or violence against groups
    • Fraternity: A constitutional value promoting unity, dignity, and brotherhood
    [2017] The mind of the makers of the Constitution of India is reflected in which of the following? 
    (a) The Preamble 
    (b) The Fundamental Rights 
    (c) The Directive Principles of State Policy 
    (d) The Fundamental Duties

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  • Festivals, Dances, Theatre, Literature, Art in News

    Return of Trafficked Artefacts to India 

    Prelims Only | Art and Culture | Mains Paper 1: Arts & Culture

    Why in the News?

    Authorities in the United States have returned 657 trafficked antiquities worth about 14 million dollars to India. The artefacts were recovered from international smuggling networks linked to traffickers like Subash Kapoor and Nancy Wiener.

    Key Facts

    • Total artefacts returned: 657
    • Total value: 14 million dollars
    • Returned in three phases:
      • 612 artefacts in November 2024
      • 26 artefacts in July 2025
      • 19 artefacts in 2026
    • Major recovery led by investigative agencies in New York

    Important Artefacts Returned

    Buddha Sculpture

    • Material: Red sandstone
    • Value: 7.5 million dollars
    • Depicts Abhaya Mudra (gesture of protection)

    Avalokiteshvara Bronze

    • Value: 2 million dollars
    • Origin: Sirpur
    • Associated with Lakshmana Temple region

    Dancing Ganesha Sculpture

    • Origin: Temple in Madhya Pradesh
    • Smuggled through international art networks
    [2012] Lord Buddha’s image is sometimes shown with the hand gesture called ‘Bhumisparsha Mudra’. It symbolizes: (a) Buddha’s calling of the Earth to watch over Mara and to prevent Mara from disturbing his meditation. (b) Buddha’s calling of the Earth to witness his purity and chastity despite the temptations of Mara. (c) Buddha’s reminder to his followers that they all arise from the Earth and finally dissolve into the Earth, and thus this life is transitory. (d) Both (a) and (b)

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  • Health Sector – UHC, National Health Policy, Family Planning, Health Insurance, etc.

    NSO Survey on Health Seeking Behaviour 

    Prelims Only | Social Justice | Mains Paper 2: Health & Education

    Why in the News?

    The National Statistical Office has released findings from its 80th round health survey (2025) showing improved health seeking behaviour in India, with higher reporting of illnesses and increased use of public healthcare services.

    Key Indicator

    Proportion of Population Reporting Ailment (PPRA)

    • Rural: 6.8 percent (2017–18) to 12.2 percent (2025)
    • Urban: 9.1 percent to 14.9 percent
      • Increase indicates greater awareness and reporting of illnesses

    Health Insurance Coverage

    • Rural: 12.9 percent to 45.5 percent
    • Urban: 8.9 percent to 31.8 percent
      • Driven by schemes like Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana

    Institutional Deliveries

    • Rural: 95.6 percent
    • Urban: 97.8 percent
      • Indicates improved maternal healthcare access

    Out of Pocket Expenditure (OOPE)

    • Median OOPE (hospitalisation): ₹11,285
    • Public facilities:
      • Hospitalisation median: ₹1,100
      • Outpatient care: Zero in many cases
    • Suggests affordability of public healthcare services

    Disease Pattern Shift

    • Decline in infectious diseases
    • Rise in Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs)
      • Diabetes
      • Cardiovascular diseases

    Utilisation of Public Healthcare

    • Rural outpatient care: 28 percent (2014) to 35 percent (2025)
    • Increase due to:
      • Free drugs and diagnostics
      • Expansion of primary healthcare services

    Survey Coverage

    • Total households surveyed: 1,39,732
      • Rural: 76,296
      • Urban: 63,436
    [2025] Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana: 
    1 It is a safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments. 
    2 Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women.
    3 It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women. 
    4 Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age.
    How many of the statements given above are correct? 
    (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four

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