Type: Prelims Only

Why in the News?

A renewed debate has emerged in the United States over Havana Syndrome after reports that the United States Department of Defense has been testing a covertly acquired device capable of emitting pulsed radio frequency energy, according to a report by CNN.  

What is Havana Syndrome

• Also officially termed Anomalous Health Incidents (AHIs)
• First reported in 2016 by US diplomats stationed in Havana, Cuba
• Symptoms include:
  • Severe headaches
  • Dizziness and vertigo
  • Cognitive difficulties and memory issues
  • Sensations similar to head trauma without visible injury
• Since then, cases have been reported across Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa
• Affected personnel include:
  • Diplomats
  • Intelligence officers
  • Military personnel

Why It Is Difficult to Diagnose

• No single, universally accepted medical definition
• Delayed clinical examinations in many cases
• Symptoms overlap with stress related and neurological disorders
• Lack of direct physical evidence in most incidents

Cause: 

Havana Syndrome, officially termed Anomalous Health Incidents (AHIs), does not have one conclusively proven cause.

• Pulsed electromagnetic / microwave energy: Most plausible explanation. Can cause neurological symptoms without visible injury.
• Possible directed-energy device exposure: Suspected use of portable energy-emitting devices for covert harassment or surveillance.
• Psychological and stress-related factors: High-stress diplomatic environments may have contributed in some cases.
• Acoustic (sound-based) causes: Initially suspected but largely ruled out due to weak scientific support.
• Environmental or chemical exposure: Considered but no common toxin identified across locations.