Parliament – Sessions, Procedures, Motions, Committees etc

Eknath Shinde, the ‘real’ Shiv Sena and a new Maharashtra model

op-ed snap | Polity | Mains Paper 2: Constitutional Bodies
Central Idea:

The article criticizes the Speaker of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, Rahul Narwekar, for his decision to recognize Chief Minister Eknath Shinde, who left the Uddhav Thackeray-led Shiv Sena group, as the legitimate leader of the party. The author argues that the Speaker’s decision, influenced by political affiliations, undermines legislative procedures and regulations, creating legal inconsistencies and setting a concerning precedent for future political maneuvering.

Key Highlights:
- Speaker Narwekar’s decision favors Chief Minister Shinde, who defected from the Uddhav Thackeray-led group, causing a split in the Shiv Sena.
- The article points out three major flaws in the Speaker’s decision, including the misinterpretation of majority support, violation of Supreme Court guidelines on the appointment of a whip, and contradictory handling of the Thackeray camp’s violation of the whip.
- The Speaker’s political affiliation with the BJP raises concerns about impartiality and adherence to constitutional principles.
Key Challenges:
- The Speaker’s decision raises questions about the integrity of legislative procedures and the potential influence of political considerations on constitutional matters.
- Legal inconsistencies, including the misinterpretation of majority support and the violation of Supreme Court guidelines, create challenges for maintaining the rule of law.
- The article suggests that the decision might lead to prolonged legal battles and sets a precedent for party splits orchestrated by external political forces.
Key Terms:
- Defection: The act of switching allegiance from one political party to another.
- Whip: An official in a political party responsible for ensuring party members vote in line with party decisions.
- Constitutional Morality: Adherence to ethical and constitutional principles in decision-making.
Key Phrases:
- “Recognition of the split as a textbook example of disregard for legislative procedure.”
- “Craters, not holes, in the Speaker’s order.”
- “Political heavyweights absent during the crucial decision.”
Key Quotes:
- “To hold that it is the legislature party which appoints the whip would be to sever the figurative umbilical cord…”
- “The Speaker’s decision is bound to trigger yet another legal battle.”
- “The BJP has perfected the art of engineering defections.”
Key Statements:
- “Speaker Narwekar’s decision may be seen as a mockery of the Constitution.”
- “The Speaker’s affiliation with the BJP adds to suspicions of bias.”
- “Legal inconsistencies and violations of Supreme Court guidelines are evident in the decision.”
Key Examples and References:
- Chief Minister Shinde’s defection from Shiv Sena and the subsequent split.
- The Speaker’s acceptance of a new whip in violation of Supreme Court guidelines.
- The contradiction in handling the Thackeray camp’s violation of the whip.
Key Facts and Data:
- Speaker Rahul Narwekar is a member of the BJP.
- Chief Minister Shinde initially had 16 out of 55 MLAs when he left Shiv Sena.
- The BJP’s success in engineering defections in Maharashtra is highlighted as a concerning trend.
Critical Analysis: The article criticizes the Speaker’s decision for favoring the ruling party, creating legal loopholes, and potentially setting a precedent for orchestrated party splits. It emphasizes the need for judicial intervention to uphold constitutional morality and address the flaws in the decision.

Way Forward:
- The judiciary should play a proactive role in addressing the legal inconsistencies and potential violations of constitutional principles.
- Political leaders and legislative bodies should prioritize the adherence to established procedures and guidelines.
- Public awareness and scrutiny can contribute to holding political figures accountable for decisions that may undermine democratic values.
In conclusion, the article highlights the importance of upholding constitutional principles in the face of political maneuvering, urging judicial intervention and public vigilance to safeguard the integrity of legislative processes.
Get an IAS/IPS ranker as your 1: 1 personal mentor for UPSC 2024

Attend Now
Antibiotics Resistance

Are antibiotics over-prescribed in India?

op-ed snap | Governance | Mains Paper 2: Health & Education

Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important:
Prelims level: H1 Rule
Mains level: Addressing AMR requires a holistic approach
Central Idea:

The National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) conducted a study revealing that over half of the surveyed hospital patients in India were given antibiotics preventively rather than for treatment. This overuse of antibiotics poses a significant risk as India already faces a high burden of drug-resistant pathogens, contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Experts Sumit Ray and Abdul Ghafur discuss the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to this issue, emphasizing the need for judicious antibiotic use and addressing systemic challenges.

Key Highlights:
- Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): AMR refers to microorganisms becoming resistant to antibiotics. India is grappling with high levels of drug-resistant bacteria, impacting patient outcomes negatively.
- Factors Leading to AMR: Inappropriate antibiotic use, lack of rapid diagnostics, insufficient training, inadequate monitoring, and pharmaceutical industry incentives contribute to the rise of AMR.
- NCDC Survey Findings: The survey showed that 55% of patients received antibiotics as a preventive measure, indicating a potential over-prescription issue.
- Root Causes of Over-Prescription: Overcrowded hospitals, limited access to rapid diagnostics, and economic factors drive doctors to opt for antibiotics as a quicker and cheaper alternative.
- Immediate Threat: The immediate danger is evident in the survey’s findings, with a significant percentage of patients exhibiting resistance to various generations of antibiotics, leading to poor health outcomes.
- AMR as a Complex Challenge: AMR is not solely a medical issue but a complex challenge involving socio-economic, political, and infrastructural factors.
Key Challenges:
- Over-Prescription: Doctors tend to prescribe antibiotics unnecessarily due to factors like overcrowded hospitals, limited time for examinations, and inadequate diagnostic facilities.
- Lack of Rapid Diagnostics: The absence of quick and affordable diagnostic tools contributes to the inappropriate use of antibiotics.
- Systemic Issues: Weak governance, inadequate sanitation, poverty, and limited access to clean water are interconnected factors contributing to AMR.
- Implementation Gap: Existing guidelines for antibiotic use exist, but there is a gap in their implementation, leading to over-prescription.
- Incentivization in Pharma Industry: The pharmaceutical industry’s encouragement of certain prescribing practices exacerbates the problem.
Key Terms/Phrases:
- Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): Microorganisms becoming resistant to antibiotics.
- Over-the-Counter Antibiotics: Antibiotics available without a prescription.
- H1 Rule: Regulation prohibiting certain antibiotics without a prescription.
- Colistin: A potent antibiotic, banned for growth promotion in poultry farming.
- Third/Fourth-Generation Antibiotics: Antibiotics of advanced generations, facing resistance in bacterial strains.
Key Quotes:
- “I treat infections in cancer patients, who are the most immuno-compromised patients you can come across. Patients are losing their lives because of AMR.” – Abdul Ghafur
- “What is essential is the linking of labs to all levels of clinical setups and the fast transmission of infection-related data between the lab and the clinician.” – Sumit Ray
Key Examples and References:
- National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) survey on antibiotic use in Indian hospitals.
- Indian government’s 2019 ban on colistin use in poultry farming.
Critical Analysis:
- Overcrowded hospitals and limited diagnostic access drive over-prescription.
- Addressing AMR requires a holistic approach, considering socio-economic factors.
Way Forward:
- Restrict access to reserve antibiotics to reduce resistance.
- Improve public health systems, delivery, and sanitation to curb AMR.
- Enforce existing laws, such as the ban on over-the-counter antibiotic sales.
In conclusion, addressing the overuse of antibiotics in India requires a multifaceted approach, involving improvements in healthcare infrastructure, diagnostic capabilities, and enforcement of regulations. The goal is to mitigate the immediate threat of AMR and ensure the judicious use of antibiotics for effective treatment.
Get an IAS/IPS ranker as your 1: 1 personal mentor for UPSC 2024

Attend Now
Parliament – Sessions, Procedures, Motions, Committees etc

The Indian Parliament, a promise spurned

op-ed snap | Polity | Mains Paper 2: Parliament & State Legislatures

Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important:
Prelims level: Westminster system
Mains level: principles of parliamentary democracy and the importance of an effective opposition.
Central Idea:

The article reflects on the recent security breach in the Indian Parliament, drawing attention to the historical debate around the choice of a parliamentary government for India. It explores the importance of having a stable government with effective opposition, emphasizing the parliamentary system’s capacity to accommodate diversity. The author questions the handling of the security breach incident and the subsequent suspension of a significant number of opposition members.

Key Highlights:
- Security lapse in the Indian Parliament in December 2023.
- Historical debate on the choice of a parliamentary government in India.
- Importance of stable government with effective opposition.
- Challenges faced by the ruling party in accommodating opposition.
- Critique of the current leadership’s response to the security breach.
Key Challenges:
- Grappling with the aftermath of a significant security breach.
- Balancing the need for a stable government with the necessity of an effective opposition.
- Managing the paradox of majority endorsement while ensuring constant validation for the common good.
- Ensuring parliamentary committees address security concerns adequately.
- Striking a balance between executive authority and parliamentary dignity.
Key Terms:
- Parliamentary government
- Opposition
- Security breach
- Westminster system
- Presidential system
- Swarajist model
- Indian orthodoxy
- Common good
- Effective representation
- Stability in governance
Key Phrases:
- “Foundational institution of public life.”
- “Parliamentary form of government.”
- “Security lapses and pandemonium.”
- “Doctrinal, ethnic, and cultural pluralisms.”
- “Dialectics of stable support and effective opposition.”
- “Insistent demand of the Opposition.”
- “Suspended members from both Houses.”
- “Ruling party’s ability to defend its course.”
Key Quotes:
- “A parliamentary system marks a better space for minorities.”
- “The ruling party has not found it easy to face a sustained Opposition.”
- “It is not the truth that a ruling dispensation upholds that serves its claim to rule but its ability to defend the course it pursues as the truth.”
Anecdotes:
- Incident involving Jawaharlal Nehru and Speaker Mavalankar’s refusal to go to the Prime Minister’s chamber.
- Reference to historical debates within the Constituent Assembly on the form of government for India.
Key Statements:
- “The security breach is a breach inflicted on the nation as a whole.”
- “The ruling party, despite challenges, has to live with the logic of the parliamentary system.”
- “The suspension of almost the entire Opposition from both the Houses can hardly meet the test of becoming the voice of the nation.”
Key Examples and References:
- Two young men with gas canisters causing pandemonium in the Lok Sabha.
- Historical references to arguments for the presidential, Indian orthodox, and swarajist models.
- Mention of Jawaharlal Nehru’s sensitivity to the absence of an effective opposition.
Key Facts and Data:
- December 2023: Security breach in the Indian Parliament.
- Suspension of 146 members from both Houses.
- Reference to the historical debate within the Constituent Assembly.
Critical Analysis:

The article critically evaluates the current state of the Indian Parliament, questioning the handling of the security breach and the subsequent suspension of opposition members. It emphasizes the importance of a stable government with an effective opposition, highlighting historical debates on the choice of a parliamentary system. The author critiques the leadership’s response and underscores the need for a balance between executive authority and parliamentary dignity.

Way Forward:
- Address the security concerns through parliamentary committees.
- Foster a more collaborative approach between the ruling party and the opposition.
- Uphold the principles of parliamentary democracy and the importance of an effective opposition.
- Prioritize transparency and communication in addressing lapses and challenges.
- Reaffirm the commitment to diversity, pluralism, and the common good in parliamentary governance.
Get an IAS/IPS ranker as your 1: 1 personal mentor for UPSC 2024

Attend Now
Electoral Reforms In India

After ECI guidelines, charting a path to disability inclusion in politics

op-ed snap | Governance | Mains Paper 2: Constitutional Bodies

Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important:
Prelims level: Section 92 of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016
Mains level: need for a more robust and enforceable framework within the Model Code of Conduct
Central Idea:

The Election Commission of India issued guidelines advising political parties on using disability-sensitive language and practices. These guidelines cover inclusive communication, accessible information, and integrating people with disabilities (PwDs) within party structures. The aim is to counter derogatory remarks and stereotypes against PwDs in politics. However, concerns about the effectiveness of these guidelines arise, demanding further refinement and their inclusion in the Model Code of Conduct.

Key Highlights:
- The guidelines address disability-inclusive communication, information accessibility, and inclusion within political party frameworks.
- Recent derogatory remarks by political leaders underscore the necessity for these guidelines.
- Derogatory language contributes to attitudinal barriers under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.
- The guidelines are advisory, lacking uniformity and needing a more definitive mandate.
- Absence of these guidelines in the Model Code of Conduct reduces their enforceability.
- Ambiguities in language usage and terminology require clarification to avoid misinterpretation.
- Political inclusion of PwDs is not addressed in the draft National Policy for PwD.
- Lack of data on legislators with disabilities and the absence of a disability column in election forms hinder political inclusion.
Key Terms:
- Disability-sensitive language
- Inclusive communication
- Attitudinal barriers
- Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016
- Model Code of Conduct
- Derogatory remarks
- National Policy for Persons with Disabilities
- Political inclusion
Key Phrases:
- “Advisory guidelines”
- “Attitudinal barrier”
- “Model Code of Conduct”
- “Political inclusion”
- “Derogatory remarks”
- “Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016”
- “National Policy for Persons with Disabilities”
Key Quotes:
- “These guidelines are only an ‘advisory,’ though the phraseology of a few guidelines is in mandatory language.”
- “Instances have underlined the need for these guidelines, such as derogatory remarks by political leaders.”
- “Political inclusion is an ignored aspect within the Indian realm of disability.”
Key Statements:
- “A uniform mandate under all three heads is needed for effective implementation.”
- “Guidelines must be included within the Model Code of Conduct to enhance their enforceability.”
- “The lack of data has contributed significantly to the political exclusion of PwDs.”
Key Examples and References:
- A Raja’s derogatory comparison of Sanatan Dharma to people with leprosy and HIV in September 2023.
- Lack of a disability column in nomination forms and affidavits filed by contestants during elections.
Key Facts:
- The guidelines cover disability-inclusive communication, information accessibility, and inclusion within party frameworks.
- Section 92 of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, is mentioned as a punitive measure for breaching guidelines related to disability-inclusive communication.
Critical Analysis:

The article critically examines the advisory guidelines, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement. It emphasizes the need for a more robust and enforceable framework within the Model Code of Conduct and addresses ambiguities in language usage.

Way Forward:
- Refine and make the guidelines mandatory under all three categories.
- Incorporate guidelines into the Model Code of Conduct for enhanced enforceability.
- Provide a detailed list of disability-sensitive words and phraseology.
- Include a chapter on political inclusion in the National Policy for Persons with Disabilities.
- Introduce a disability column in election nomination forms to collect data on legislators with disabilities.
Get an IAS/IPS ranker as your 1: 1 personal mentor for UPSC 2024

Attend Now
Right To Privacy

A colonial discourse on the veil

op-ed snap | History | Mains Paper 1: Role Of Women & Women Organization

Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important:
Prelims level: Na
Mains level: Historical evolution of the purdah system in various parts of the world, including India
Central Idea:

The article focus into the ongoing discourse around the hijab/veil, examining recent political events in India and the global conversation on the subject. It raises questions about the right of Muslim women to choose their attire, the role of the state in regulating religious clothing, and the intersection of Islamic principles with government policies. The central argument posits that criticisms of the hijab often lack genuine concern for gender equality, being influenced by historical Western colonial biases, and mirroring the majoritarian agenda of Hindutva.

Key Highlights:
- Karnataka Chief Minister’s stance on the hijab issue is presented as a case of vote bank politics by the Congress, reinforcing BJP’s accusations.
- The global debate involves Western leaders advocating for bans, while Muslim women protest against enforced veiling in countries like Iran.
- The article questions the Western perception of Islam’s treatment of women, attributing bias to a colonial mindset.
Key Challenges:
- Balancing individual freedom of choice with state regulations on religious attire.
- Navigating the intersection between Islamic provisions and state policies.
- Addressing the influence of Western colonial perceptions on the discourse around Muslim women’s rights.
Key Terms:
- Hijab/Veil: Islamic head covering worn by some Muslim women.
- Hindutva: Ideology advocating the cultural and political dominance of Hindus in India.
- Vote Bank Politics: Political strategy to gain support from specific religious or ethnic groups.
- Colonial Mindset: Biased perspectives influenced by historical colonial experiences.
Key Phrases:
- “Vote bank politics” – Refers to the alleged manipulation of Muslim sentiments for political gain.
- “Western colonial project” – Describes historical biases influencing perceptions of Islam.
- “Gender freedom” – The concept of freedom regarding gender roles and choices.
Key Quotes:
- “For Europe, Islam was a lasting trauma.” – Edward Said, highlighting the historical impact of colonialism on Western perceptions of Islam.
- “There is no inherent value placed on man and woman…no pre-ordained system of hierarchy.” – Amina Wudud, on interpreting Islamic provisions for gender equality.
Key Statements:
- The Congress government’s indecision on the hijab issue is portrayed as an example of vote bank politics.
- The author suggests a parallel between the Hindutva majoritarian agenda and Western colonial objectives in their disregard for equal rights.
Key Examples and References:
- French President Nicolas Sarkozy’s push for a total ban on the Islamic veil in 2010.
- British Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s controversial remarks on Muslim women wearing burqas in 2019.
- Examples of successful Muslim women in India, such as Parveen Babi and Zeenat Aman, who did not conform to hijab norms.
Key Facts and Data:
- Historical evolution of the purdah system in various parts of the world, including India.
- Instances of Western leaders advocating for bans on the Islamic veil.
Critical Analysis:
- The author critiques the perceived bias in Western views on Islam, attributing it to a colonial mindset.
- The alignment of Hindutva’s majoritarian ideology and Western colonial objectives is questioned.
- The article challenges the sincerity of concerns about gender equality by highlighting selective concerns based on political agendas.
Way Forward:
- Advocate for a nuanced understanding of cultural practices and religious choices.
- Encourage open dialogue between religious communities and policymakers to address concerns.
- Emphasize the importance of respecting individual choices while ensuring a balance with societal norms.
Get an IAS/IPS ranker as your 1: 1 personal mentor for UPSC 2024

Attend Now
Skilling India – Skill India Mission,PMKVY, NSDC, etc.

A manifesto for justice that has sprung from crises

op-ed snap | Governance | Mains Paper 1: Social Empowerment

Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important:
Prelims level: National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
Mains level: Role of Vikalp Sangam in proposing alternative solutions
Central Idea:

The article discusses the pressing issues faced by India, including unemployment, social unrest, ecological degradation, and threats to democratic rights. It emphasizes the need for alternative approaches and policies to address these challenges and highlights a People’s Manifesto released by Vikalp Sangam, a platform representing various movements and organizations working towards positive change.

Key Highlights:
- The article outlines the multifaceted crises in India, such as unemployment, ecological collapse, and erosion of democratic rights.
- It introduces Vikalp Sangam, a national platform fostering alternative initiatives for a just, equitable, and sustainable India.
- The People’s Manifesto aims at the 2024 general election and advocates policy shifts in areas like the economy, decentralization, accountability, and social inclusion.
- Practical examples on the Vikalp Sangam website illustrate successful community-driven solutions to challenges like unemployment and rural development.
- The manifesto calls for economic reforms, curbing the black economy, and wealth redistribution through measures like basic income and pension for all workers.
- It addresses concerns about the increasing authoritarianism, calls for decentralization, and the need to protect institutions like the Election Commission and media from political interference.
Key Challenges:
- Resistance to policy changes from established political and economic interests.
- The need for widespread awareness and acceptance of alternative approaches.
- The challenge of implementing grassroots initiatives on a larger scale.
- Overcoming political polarization and ensuring bipartisan support for key manifesto points.
Key Terms/Phrases:
- Vikalp Sangam
- People’s Manifesto
- Alternative pathways
- National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
- Decentralization
- Black economy
- Basic income
- Environmental impact assessment
- Forest Rights Act
- Climate crisis
Key Quotes/Statements:
- “Hope lies in the many initiatives to resist the forces of destruction and to construct alternative pathways.”
- “The People’s Manifesto for a Just, Equitable and Sustainable India.”
- “In about a decade, Vikalp Sangam has convened over 30 physical assemblies, published 1,500 stories of positive change…”
- “The manifesto demands curbs on the enormous black economy, reduction in the ratio of highest and lowest salaries, greater wealth and inheritance taxation of the rich…”
- “The manifesto urges a national land and water policy that protects important ecological functions…”
Key Examples and References:
- Unemployment protests, Joshimath sinking, dam burst in Sikkim, and conflicts in Manipur.
- Vikalp Sangam’s website with stories of rural revival and positive change.
- Adivasi village, Mendha Lekha in Maharashtra, and Dalit women farmers in Telangana as examples of successful local initiatives.
- Residents’ associations in Bhuj town implementing local decision-making.
Key Facts/Data:
- 85 people’s movements and civil society organizations released the People’s Manifesto.
- Vikalp Sangam has convened over 30 physical assemblies and published 1,500 stories of positive change.
- The manifesto recommends reserving 6% of GDP for education and 3% for health.
- The Vikalp Sangam process compiled hundreds of practical examples of alternative approaches.
Critical Analysis:
- The article effectively outlines the challenges faced by India and the role of Vikalp Sangam in proposing alternative solutions.
- The manifesto covers a broad spectrum of issues, but the challenge lies in its implementation and acceptance by political authorities.
- The emphasis on community-led solutions and decentralized decision-making aligns with sustainable development principles.
- The article lacks a detailed analysis of potential opposition or criticism to the proposed manifesto.
Way Forward:
- Raise awareness and garner public support for the People’s Manifesto.
- Engage with policymakers and political leaders to incorporate key recommendations into their agendas.
- Strengthen grassroots movements and community-led initiatives.
- Foster collaborations between government, businesses, and civil society to address the highlighted issues.
- Continuously monitor and evaluate the progress of alternative approaches to ensure their effectiveness.
Get an IAS/IPS ranker as your 1: 1 personal mentor for UPSC 2024

Attend Now
Lesson from ’12th fail’: In a just society, UPSC obsession would be cruelty. We celebrate it

op-ed snap | Trivia | Mains Paper 1: Arts & Culture
Central Idea:

The article focus into Vidhu Vinod Chopra’s film, “12th Fail,” capturing the struggles of real-life IPS officer Manoj Kumar Sharma in the competitive UPSC examinations. It highlights the unexpected yet impactful body language of the lead actor, Vikrant Massey, and underscores the film’s exploration of conformity and authenticity in the civil services interview process.

Key Highlights:
- Portrayal of Manoj Kumar Sharma’s internal journey in the UPSC examinations.
- Emphasis on Vikrant Massey’s skill in conveying character emotions through body language.
- Crucial moments, including the character’s nervousness and a supportive letter from his girlfriend.
- Vidhu Vinod Chopra’s focus on the significance of staying honest and true to oneself in achieving success.
Key Challenges:
- Illustration of challenges faced by candidates in the competitive UPSC examination process.
- Pressure to conform to societal expectations during interviews.
- Realities of a low success rate and the potential absence of a happy ending for many candidates.
Key Terms:
- UPSC: Union Public Service Commission, responsible for civil service examinations in India.
- IPS: Indian Police Service.
- Body language: Non-verbal communication through gestures, postures, and facial expressions.
Key Phrases:
- “Internal journey”: Emphasizes the character’s emotional and psychological struggles.
- “Unfairness of the system”: Highlights challenges of conforming in the competitive examination process.
- “Without oxygen”: Metaphorically describes the character’s journey to success without significant support.
Key Quotes:
- “He has to win by not being himself, by not revealing too much of himself.”
- “When someone sees you for who you are, they also see you for who you want to be.”
- “The crucial thing about this film is to show that you can make it big while staying honest.”
Anecdotes:
- Manoj Kumar Sharma’s nervousness and struggle with formal attire on the day of the final interview.
- The pivotal moment when he reads a supportive letter from his girlfriend, providing strength to be true to himself.
Key Statements:
- “The real job, as is for most great acting, is internal.”
- “In a just society, the competitive UPSC process would be seen as cruel.”
Key Examples and References:
- Vikrant Massey’s portrayal of Manoj Kumar Sharma’s transformation through body language.
- Vidhu Vinod Chopra’s emphasis on honesty and integrity in the pursuit of success.
Critical Analysis:

The article critically examines societal pressures and challenges in the pursuit of government civil service jobs, advocating for authenticity in success.

Way Forward:

Encourages a shift in societal perspectives, promoting a more just and empathetic approach to the challenges faced by candidates in competitive exams, without sacrificing one’s true self.
Get an IAS/IPS ranker as your 1: 1 personal mentor for UPSC 2024

Attend Now
Comprehending Lord Rama in all his dimensions

op-ed snap | History | Mains Paper 1: Arts & Culture

Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important:
Prelims level: Ramacharitmanas
Mains level: need to revisit the Ramacharitmanas in its entirety to comprehend Lord Rama in all dimensions
Central Idea:

The article explores the evolving perceptions of Lord Rama in Hindu society, with a focus on the transformation of the invocation “Jai Shri Ram” and the upcoming consecration of the Ram Janmabhoomi temple. It emphasizes the need to revisit the Ramacharitmanas in its entirety to comprehend Lord Rama in all dimensions, especially his compassionate and childlike aspects.

Key Highlights:
- Lord Rama, as depicted by Tulsidas in the Ramacharitmanas, is seen as divine and the upholder of maryada, connoting righteous conduct.
- The aggressive tone of the current popular invocation, “Jai Shri Ram,” emerged in 1990 during the Rath Yatra led by Lal Krishna Advani for the construction of the Ram temple.
- The construction of the Ram Janmabhoomi temple is widely welcomed, symbolizing a correction of historical wrongs and a call for Hindu assertiveness.
Key Challenges:
- The shift in the invocation from traditional greetings like “Ram Ram” to the more militant “Jai Shri Ram” reflects a change in social thinking, raising concerns about sharpness in Hindu thought.
- The article notes that the infant form of Lord Rama is rarely invoked, highlighting a departure from Tulsidas’s portrayal in the Ramacharitmanas.
Key Terms:
- Maryada: Connotes righteous conduct, context-specific.
- Rath Yatra: A procession advocating the construction of the Ram temple.
- Ramlalla Virajman: The deity representing Lord Rama in the Ayodhya case.
- Samadhi: A memorial, in this context, referring to Gandhi’s resting place at Rajghat.
Key Phrases:
- “Jai Shri Ram”: Evolved from the Rath Yatra in 1990, emphasizing a militant tone for the Ram Janmabhoomi temple.
- “He Ram”: Uttered by Gandhi at the time of his assassination, reflecting a deep connection to Lord Rama.
Key Quotes:
- “It is evocative that his samadhi at Rajghat carries these words.” – Referring to the words “He Ram” on Gandhi’s memorial.
- “Recognising the entire creation as full of Siya and Rama, I make obeisance to them with joined palms.” – Tulsidas’s perspective on Lord Rama and Sita.
Key Examples and References:
- Lal Krishna Advani’s Rath Yatra in 1990.
- D.V. Paluskar’s rendering of the bhajan “Thumak chalat Ramachandra.”
- Gandhi’s utterance of “He Ram” at the time of his assassination.
Key Facts and Data:
- Lord Rama is widely perceived in his warrior mode, especially during the celebration of Dussehra.
- The consecration of the Ram Janmabhoomi temple is scheduled for January 22, 2024.
Critical Analysis:

The article critically examines the changing invocation from traditional greetings to the militant “Jai Shri Ram,” expressing concerns about the sharpness in Hindu thinking. It reflects on the evolution of societal perceptions of Lord Rama, emphasizing the need to embrace the diverse dimensions portrayed in the Ramacharitmanas.

Way Forward:
- Encourage a broader understanding of Lord Rama by revisiting the Ramacharitmanas in its entirety.
- Emphasize the compassionate and childlike aspects of Lord Rama, especially in the context of the upcoming temple consecration.
- Reflect on Gandhi’s Rama bhakti as a guiding principle, promoting tolerance and compassion in the celebration of religious milestones.
Get an IAS/IPS ranker as your 1: 1 personal mentor for UPSC 2024

Attend Now
Judicial Reforms

Justice for Bilkis Bano, questions on remission

op-ed snap | Polity | Mains Paper 2: Executive & Judiciary

Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important:
Prelims level: Remission
Mains level: lack of transparency and unchecked discretion in the remission process
Central Idea:

The article discusses a recent Supreme Court decision regarding the remission of 11 convicts in the Bilkis Bano case. It highlights the court’s condemnation of illegalities and collusion between the petitioners and the Gujarat government. While celebrating the decision as a triumph for justice, the author also raises concerns about the lack of transparency and unchecked discretion in the remission process.

Key Highlights:
- The Supreme Court cancels remission orders for 11 convicts due to fraud and collusion with the Gujarat government.
- The decision is praised for upholding the rule of law and addressing the exceptional injustice faced by Bilkis Bano.
- The article acknowledges the inspiring resilience of Bilkis Bano and applauds women’s rights lawyers for their commitment.
Key Challenges:
- Lack of transparency in the formation and decision-making process of remission committees.
- Unchecked discretion and potential for arbitrary exercise of power in remission decisions.
- Concerns about non-application of mind and identical orders in the remission process, as seen in the Bilkis Bano case.
Key Terms:
- Remission: Reduction of sentence through earned days based on rehabilitation activities.
- Per incuriam: Declared as illegal due to a mistake or oversight.
- Retributive punishment: Focused on punishment rather than rehabilitation.
- Judicial review: Examination of a decision for legality and fairness.
- Usurpation of power: Unauthorized assumption of authority.
Key Phrases:
- “Injustice of exceptionalism”: Describes the grant of remission in the Bilkis Bano case as a unique and unjust situation.
- “Resilience that prevailed”: Commends Bilkis Bano’s enduring strength in the face of injustice.
- “Soothing balm”: Refers to the comfort provided by the Supreme Court’s firm decision.
- “Unchecked discretion”: Highlights the potential for arbitrary decision-making in remission cases.
Key Quotes:
- “Rule of law and equality before the law would be empty words if their violation is not a matter of judicial scrutiny.”
- “Remission is rooted in the logic that prisons are meant to be rehabilitative spaces.”
- “Justice Nagarathna’s words come as solace in light of the disturbing memory of the celebrations that followed the release of the 11 convicts.”
Key Examples and References:
- Bilkis Bano case: Illustrates the background of the Supreme Court decision and the injustices faced by the victim.
- Union of India vs V. Sriharan (2015): Reference to a Constitution Bench decision on the appropriate government for remission.
- Epuru Sudhakar vs State of Andhra Pradesh (2006): Supreme Court ruling on the judicial review of remission orders.
Key Facts and Data:
- Life convicts must serve a minimum of 14 years before applying for remission.
- Remission policies in some states deny opportunities based on crime categories.
- The Gujarat government’s remission orders for the 11 convicts were identical.
Critical Analysis:

The article raises concerns about the arbitrary exercise of power in remission decisions, citing the lack of transparency and identical orders in the Bilkis Bano case. It prompts a reflection on whether certain offenders should be ineligible for remission or if a focus on fair compliance with conditions is more appropriate.

Way Forward:
- Advocate for increased transparency in the formation and functioning of remission committees.
- Emphasize the importance of considering individual circumstances and compliance with remission conditions.
- Encourage a reevaluation of remission policies to avoid blanket denials based on crime categories.
- Address the issue of unchecked discretion to ensure a fair and rehabilitative approach in the remission process.
Get an IAS/IPS ranker as your 1: 1 personal mentor for UPSC 2024

Attend Now
Climate Change Impact on India and World – International Reports, Key Observations, etc.

Understanding the EU’s carbon border tax

op-ed snap | Enviro & Biodiversity | Mains Paper 3: Conservation, Environmental Pollution & Degradation, Eia

Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important:
Prelims level: Carbon Credit Trading System (CCTS)
Mains level: A concerning development for India is the European Union (EU)’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).
Central Idea:

The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) poses a significant challenge to India’s manufacturing sector. This policy aims to tax carbon-intensive imports into the EU, impacting key sectors like steel. India’s response involves considering legal challenges and negotiating with the EU while simultaneously developing its own carbon trading mechanisms.

Key Highlights:
- The CBAM is part of the EU’s strategy to achieve a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.
- It aims to be climate-neutral by 2050 – an economy with net-zero greenhouse gas emissions.
- India, a top exporter to the EU, is expected to be adversely affected, particularly in sectors like steel.
- India is developing its own Carbon Credit Trading System (CCTS) to combat climate change and incentivize clean energy investments.
Key Challenges:
- India faces the challenge of protecting its industries from the potential negative impacts of CBAM.
- Limited time to formulate and implement effective carbon taxation measures aligning with the Paris Agreement.
- The EU’s failure to consider factors like cheap labor and alternative production modes influencing industry shifts.
Key Terms:
- Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)
- Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions
- Carbon Credit Trading System (CCTS)
- Paris Agreement
- Special and Differential Treatment provisions
Key Phrases:
- “Ill-conceived move” – Referring to the Commerce and Industry Minister’s criticism of the CBAM.
- “Death knell for India’s manufacturing sector” – Describing the potential impact of the carbon tax on Indian industries.
- “Common but differentiated responsibilities” – Principle agreed upon under the Paris Agreement.
- “Carbon leakage” – The risk of carbon-intensive production moving from the EU to countries with lax environmental regulations.
Key Quotes:
- “Proposed carbon tax on imports is an ill-conceived move… death knell for India’s manufacturing sector.” – Commerce and Industry Minister.
- “India has challenged the CBAM before the World Trade Organization under the special and differential treatment provisions.”
Key Statements:
- The CBAM is seen as a threat to India’s manufacturing sector and competitiveness in the EU market.
- India is working on its own carbon trading mechanisms, including the CCTS and the Green Credit Programme Rules.
Key Examples and References:
- UK’s plan to enforce its own CBAM by 2027, adding to the challenges faced by India’s exports.
Key Facts:
- 27% of India’s exports of iron, steel, and aluminum products worth $8.2 billion went to the EU in 2022.
Critical Analysis:
- The EU’s focus on reducing carbon emissions should consider broader factors influencing industry shifts.
- India’s challenge lies in balancing environmental concerns with protecting its industries and economic interests.
Way Forward:
- India should actively negotiate with the EU to explore pragmatic solutions, such as returning tax funds for green technologies.
- Swift action is crucial for India to formulate and implement its own carbon taxation measures aligned with the Paris Agreement.
Get an IAS/IPS ranker as your 1: 1 personal mentor for UPSC 2024

Attend Now

Type: op-ed snap