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Smash Mains X-Factor Notes: Indian Polity and Governance, GS Paper II, revised for UPSC Mains 2026

Attempt PYQ Live, 2013 to 2026

Prelims and Mains Microthemes books: Prelims 2009–2025 and GS Mains 2013–2025

Smash Mains X-Factor Notes

Attempt PYQ Live 2013–2026

Prelims & Mains Microthemes

31st October

International Relations › Energy Security

India slashed oil imports from U.S. and Russia in Sept.

GS2 · GS2-19.Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.

31 Oct 2026
International Relations › GroupingsXRegional

Tactical calculations should not overlook dangers of terror: EAM

GS2 · GS2-18.Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.

31 Oct 2026

IOCR
International Relations › Bilateral Relations

Can India and China coexist peacefully?

GS2 · GS2-17.India and its neighborhood- relations.

31 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Science and Technology › Space ProgramsXIND

GSLV places next-generation navigation satellite into orbit

GS3 · GS3-17.Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nano-technology, Bio-technology and issues relating to Intellectual Property Rights.

31 Oct 2026

Indigenous/Made in India Prelims Only
Science and Technology › Defence

How AI is transforming U.S. military industrial complex

GS3 · GS3-17.Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nano-technology, Bio-technology and issues relating to Intellectual Property Rights.

31 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Off Topics › Sports

Manisha’s gold caps best-ever display

GS2 · GS2-13.Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

31 Oct 2026

First/Record Prelims Only
Social Justice › Poverty

Extreme poverty in India halved to 2.6% in 2023 from year ago: World Bank data

GS2 · GS2-14.Issues relating to poverty and hunger

31 Oct 2026

IOCR
Social Justice › Education

A step forward in Jamia, a long road ahead

GS2 · GS2-13.Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

31 Oct 2026

DOMR Op-ed
Environment › Air Pollution and Related Issues

Construction ban in NCR from Nov 5, WFH for 50% in Noida, Gurugram, too

GS3 · GS3-18.Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.

31 Oct 2026

DOMR
Environment › Biofertilizers/Fuels

For energy security, E100 alone is not the answer

GS3 · GS3-13.Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc:

31 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Internal Security › Cyber Security

Beyond gullibility

GS3 · GS3-21.Role of External State and Non-state Actors in creating challenges to Internal Security.

31 Oct 2026

DOMR Op-ed
International Relations › Geo-politics affecting India's Interest

The Communist Party of Xi Jinping

GS2 · GS2-19.Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.

31 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Governance › Census

Door-to-door enumeration to start on January 25

GS2 · GS2-10.Government Policies & Interventions for development of various sectors (issues in their design, implementation)

31 Oct 2026

DOMR
Polity › Pressure Groups

The worldwide outbursts of the powerless pose new political questions

GS2 · GS2-11.Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.

31 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Polity › RPAxElectoral Reforms

ECI’s appeals against 16.10 lakh cleared voters raise legal questions

GS2 · GS2-08.Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

31 Oct 2026

DOMR
Polity › RPAxElectoral Reforms

SIR: Bulk Form 7s in UP not filed as per rules, not acted upon, EC tells SC

GS2 · GS2-08.Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

31 Oct 2026

DOMR
Polity › RPAxElectoral Reforms

Opposition has only propaganda, not the people

GS2 · GS2-08.Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

31 Oct 2026

DOMR Op-ed
Economics › Budget, Fiscal Policy

Banks being sold, says Rahul; IDBI forced to lend in Cong rule: FM

GS3 · GS3-01.Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.

31 Oct 2026

DOMR
Economics › GST

CBIC mandates immediate halt on GST arrests

GS3 · GS3-01.Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.

31 Oct 2026

DOMR
Economics › Labour Reform

Suboptimal outcomes

GS3 · GS3-01.Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.

31 Oct 2026

Bills/Act/Laws DOMR Op-ed
30th October

Economics › Investment Funds

SC rejects beneficiary disclosures of AIFs, FPIs without legal backing

GS3 · GS3-01.Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.

30 Oct 2026

SC Judgements
Governance › Structural reforms and Actions

Reforms 3.0 underline a credibility gap. First, reform the reformer

GS2 · GS2-10.Government Policies & Interventions for development of various sectors (issues in their design, implementation)

30 Oct 2026

Op-ed
International Relations › Conflict Zones/Areas of Interest broad-based

A security deal, but not the end of the Arctic contest

GS2 · GS2-19.Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.

30 Oct 2026

Op-ed World Mapping
Environment › Rio Family/UNFCCC/IPCC

India must set a higher bar on clean energy targets

GS3 · GS3-18.Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.

30 Oct 2026

IOCR Op-ed
International Relations › BilateralXNeighbourhood

Bangladesh presses India for a new Ganges treaty before expiry in Dec.

GS2 · GS2-17.India and its neighborhood- relations.

30 Oct 2026
Science and Technology › Space ProgramsXIND

India’s ‘own GPS’, which new ISRO satellite can restore

GS3 · GS3-17.Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nano-technology, Bio-technology and issues relating to Intellectual Property Rights.

30 Oct 2026

Explained Indigenous/Made in India
Social Justice › Education

CBSE revises Scheme of Studies for 2028 Class X board exams

GS2 · GS2-13.Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

30 Oct 2026
Social Justice › Poverty

When disruption replaces argument, deepest damage is to young

GS2 · GS2-14.Issues relating to poverty and hunger

30 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Social Justice › Education

Four years later, is Delhi University’s Four-Year Undergraduate Programme an unfulfilled promise?

GS2 · GS2-13.Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

30 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Social Justice › Education

The examination overload, its enormous cost

GS2 · GS2-13.Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

30 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Agriculture › Crop-specific details

Can new fortified potato variety help with India’s hidden hunger problem?

GS2 · GS2-14.Issues relating to poverty and hunger

30 Oct 2026
Internal Security › Cyber Security

SC proposes relief for digital arrest victims

GS3 · GS3-21.Role of External State and Non-state Actors in creating challenges to Internal Security.

30 Oct 2026
Governance › Sectoral Regulatory Bodies

For affordable cancer care, go beyond price caps

GS2 · GS2-13.Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

30 Oct 2026

DOMR Op-ed
Internal Security › Data Protection

Open to probe

GS2 · GS2-10.Government Policies & Interventions for development of various sectors (issues in their design, implementation)

30 Oct 2026

Bills/Act/Laws Op-ed
Polity › RPAxElectoral Reforms

37% pre-SIR Form 6 rejected in Telangana due to declaration rule

GS2 · GS2-08.Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

30 Oct 2026
Polity › RPAxElectoral Reforms

‘BJP agent’ files form to exclude long-time Muslim voters

GS2 · GS2-08.Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

30 Oct 2026
Polity › Judiciary

Concerns over the collegium system

GS2 · GS2-09.Appointment to various Constitutional posts; Constitutional Bodies(powers, functions and responsibilities); Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi-judicial bodies

30 Oct 2026

Bills/Act/Laws SC Judgements
Polity › Judiciary vs Legislature

SC axes Karnataka law validating ‘corrupt’ hiring

GS2 · GS2-03.Separation of Powers between different organs, dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions

30 Oct 2026

Bills/Act/Laws SC Judgements States
Polity › RPAxElectoral Reforms

Deemed ineligible

GS2 · GS2-08.Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

30 Oct 2026

Op-ed
Economics › Inclusive GrowthXCapitalism

Are youth worried they will be worse off than their parents?

GS3 · GS3-02.Inclusive growth and issues therein

30 Oct 2026

Op-ed

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